（试题 试卷 真题）专题18阅读理解之科普类（解析版）

专题18 阅读理解之科普类【2013高考试题】（2013新课标I卷）BThe baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital. She is quiet but alert (警觉). Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it. She stares at it carefully. A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another, this time with the spots differently spaced. As the cards change from one to the other, her gaze(凝视) starts to lose its focus - until a third, with three black spots, is presented. Her gaze returns; she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card. Can she tell that the number two is different from three, just 24 hours after coming into the world?Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer? The same experiment, but with three spots shown before two, shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes. Perhaps it is just the newness? When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects(a comb, a key, an orange and so on), changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves. Could it be the pattern that two things make, as opposed to three? No again. Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three, or three to two. The effect even crosses between senses. Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two; likewise(同样地) when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.60. The experiment described in Paragraph 1 is related to the babys _.A. sense of hearing.B. sense of sight.C. sense of touch.D. sense of smell.61. Babies are sensitive to the change in _.A. the size of cards.B. the colour of pictures.C. the shape of patterns.D. the number of objects.62. Why did the researchers test the babies with drumbeats?A. To reduce the difficulty of the experiment.B. To see how babies recognize sounds.C. To carry their experiment further.D. To keep the babies interest.63. Where does this text probably come from?A. Science fiction.B. Childrens literature.C. An advertisement.D. A science report.（2013新课标卷)C【主旨大意】文章由巧克力与情绪的关系引出对一家巧克力公司CRF的发展的介绍史。 Given that many peoples moods (情绪)are regulated by the chemical action of chocolate, it was probably only a matter of time before somebody made the chocolate shop similar to a drug store of Chinese medicine. Looking like a setting from the film Charlie&the Chocolate Factory, Singapores Chocolate Research Facility (CRF) has over 100 varieties of chocolates.its founder is Chris Lee who grew up at his parents corner store with one hand almost always in the jar of sweets.If the CRF seems to be a smart idea, thats because Lee is not merely a seasoned salesperson but also head of a marketing department that has business relations with big names such as Levis and Sony. That idea surely results in the imagination at work when it comes to making different flavored(味道)chocolates.The CRFs produce is green. made within the country and divided into 10 lines, with the Alcohol Series being the most popular. The Exotic Series一with Sichuan pepper, red bean (豆).cheese and other flavors一also does well and is fun to taste. And for chocolate snobs，who think that they have a better knowledge of chocolate than others, the Connoisseur Series uses cocoa beans from Togo, Cuba, Venezuela , and Ghana, among others.44. What is good about chocolate?A. It serves as a suitable gift.B. It works as an effective medicine.C. It helps improve the state of mind.D. It strengthens business relations.46. Which line of the CRF produce sells best?A. The Connoisseur Series.B. The Exotic Series.C. The Alcohol Series.D. The Sichuan Series.（2013浙江） CThe baby monkey is much more developed at birth than the human baby. Almost from the moment it is born, the baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother. During the first few days of its life the baby will approach and hold onto almost any large, warm, and soft object in its environment, particularly if that object also gives it milk. After a week or so, however, the baby monkey begins to avoid newcomers and focuses its attentions on “mother” - the real mother or the mother-substitute(母亲替代物）. During the first two weeks of its warmth is perhaps the most important psychological（心理的） thing that a monkey mother has to give to its baby. The Harlows, a couple who are both psychologists, discovered this fact by offering baby monkeys a choice of two types of mother-substitutes - one covered with cloth and one made of bare wire. If the two artificial mothers were both the same temperature, the little monkeys always preferred the cloth mother. However, if the wire model was heated, while the cloth model was cool, for the first two weeks after birth the baby monkeys picked the warm wire mother-substitutes as their favorites. Thereafter they switched and spent most of their time on the more comfortable cloth mother. Why is cloth preferable to bare wire? Something that the Harlows called contact（接触的） comfort seems to be the answer, and a most powerful influence it is. Baby monkeys spend much of their time rubbing against their mothers skins, putting themselves in as close contact with the parent as they can. Whenever the young animal is frightened, disturbed, or annoyed, it typically rushes to its mother and rubs itself against her body. Wire doesnt“rub”as well as does soft wire cloth. Prolonged（长时间的）“contact comfort” with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and is much more rewarding to them than is either warmth or milk. According to the Harlows, the basic quality of a babys love for its mother is trust. If the baby is put into an unfamiliar playroom without its mother, the baby ignores the toys no matter how interesting they might be. It screams in terror and curls up into a fury little ball. If its cloth mother is now introduced into the playroom, the bay rushes to it and holds onto it for dear life. After a few minutes of contact comfort, it obviously begins to feel more secure. It then climbs down from the mother-substitute and begins to explore the toys, but often rushes back for a deep embrace（拥抱）as if to make sure that its mother is still there and that all is well. Bit by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more time playing with the toys and less and less time holding on to its “mother.” 50. Psychologically, what does the baby monkey desire most during the first two weeks of its life? A. Warmth B. Milk C. Contact D. Trust 51. After the first two weeks of their life, baby moneys prefer the cloth mother to the wire mother because the former is _. A. larger in size B. closer to them C. less frightening and less disturbing D. more comfortable to rub against 52. What does the baby monkey probably gain from prolonged “contact comfort”? A. Attention B. Softness C. Confidence D. Interest 53. It can be inferred that when the baby monkey feels secure,_. A. it frequently rushes back for a deep embrace when exploring the toys B. it spends more time screaming to get rewards C. it is less attracted to the toys though they are interesting D. it cares less about whether its mother is still around 54. The main purpose of the passage is to_. A. give the reasons of the experiment B. present the findings of the experiment C. introduce the method of the experiment D. describe the process of the experiment（2013大纲卷）EThe oldest and most common source(来源) of renewaBle energy known to man, Biomass is one of the most important forms energy production in the United States and elsewhere. Since such a wide variety of Biomass materials is everywhere - from trees and grasses to agricultural and city - life wastes -Biomass promises to play a continuing role in providing power and heat for millions of people around the world. According to the Union of Concerned Scientists(UCS), Biomass is a kind of renewaBle energy source that produces no carBon dioxide(二氧化碳), Because the energy it contains comes from the sun. When plant matter is Burned, it gives off the suns energy. In this way, Biomass serves as a sort of natural Battery(电池) for storing the suns energy. As long as Biomass is produced continuously -with only as much grown as is used- the “Battery” lasts forever.According to the Energy Information Administration, Biomass has Been one of the leading renewaBle energy sources in the United States for several years running through 2007, making up Between 0.5 and 0.9 percent of the nations total electricity supply. In 2008-although the numBers arent all in yet-wind power proBaBly took over first place Because of the rapid development of wind farms across the country.Producing power from Biomass helps reduce some 11 million tons of carBon dioxide each year. Some homeowners also try to make their own heat By using Biomass materials. Such practice may save homeowners money, But it also produces a lot of pollution. So, the Best way is to encourage power plants to use it. 72. Why is Biomass considered as “ a sort of natural Battery”?A. It Burns merely plant matter. B. It keeps producing electricity.C. It stores the energy from the sun. D. It produces zero carBon dioxide.73. We learn from the text that in 2008 _.A. Wind power would Be the leader of renewaBle energy. B. there was a rapid growth of electricity productionC. Biomass might Become the main energy source D. 0.50.9 of power supply came from Biomass74. Why does the author encourage power plants to use Biomass?A. To prevent the waste of energy. B. To increase production safety.C. To reduce pollution. D. To save money.75. Where does the text proBaBly come from?A. A research plan. B. A science magazine C. A Book review. D. A Business report.In my family, there are three people. My father is （2013北京卷)BTaIL SpinTwo dolphins race around in a big pool in the Ocean Park. The smaller dolphin Grace, shown off a few of her tricks, turning around and waving hello to the crowd. The most amazing thing about her, however, is that shes even swimming at all. She doesnt have a tail.Grace lost her tail as a baby when she got caught up in a fish trap. When the dolphin arrived at the Ocean Park in December 2005, she was fighting for her life. “Is she going to make it?” Her trainer, Abbey Stone, feared the worst. Grace did make it - but her tail didnt. She ended up losing her flukes and the lower part of her peduncle.Over the past six years, she has learned to swim without her tail. Dolphins swim by moving their flukes and peduncle up and down. Grace taught herself to move another way-like a fish! She pushed herself forward through the water by moving her peduncles from side to side.The movement put harmful pressure on Graces backbone. So a company offered to create a man-made tail for her. The tail had to be strong enough to stay on Grace as she swam but soft enough that it wouldnt hurt her.The first time Grace wore the artificial tail. She soon shook it off and let it sink in the bottom of the pool. Now, she is still learning to use the tail. Some days she wears it for an hour at a time, others not at all. “The tail isntnecessary for her to feel comfortable,” says Stone, “but it helps to keep that range of motion(动作) and build muscles(肌肉).”Now, the dolphin is about to get an even happier ending. This month, Grace will star in Dolphin Tale, a film that focus on her rescue and recovery. Her progress has inspired more than just a new movie. Many people travel from near and far to meet her. Seeing Grace swim with her man-made tail gives people so much courage.60. When Grace first arrived at the Ocean Park, her trainer worried about her . A. physical build B. potential abilityC. chance of survival D. adaptation to the surroundings.61. A man-made tail is created for Grace to _.A. let her recover faster B. make her comfortableC. adjust her way of swimmingD. help her perform better tricks62. The story of Grace inspires people to_ .A. stick to their dreams B. treat animals friendlyC. treasure what they have D. face difficulties bravely（2013北京卷)AEP Portable HeaterWe all know that the cost of heating our homes will continue to be a significant burden on the family budget. Now millions of people are saving on their heating bills with the EP Portable Heater. With over one million satisfied customers around the world, the new EP heats better and faster, saves more on heating bills, and runs almost silent.The EP has no exposed heating parts that can cause a fire. The outside of EP only gets warm to the touch so that it will not burn children or pets.The EP will not reduce oxygen in the room. With other heaters, youll notice that you get sleepy when the heat comes on because they are burning up oxygen.The advanced EP also heats the room evenly, wall to wall and floor to ceiling. it comfortably covers an area up to 350 square feet. Other heaters heat rooms unevenly with most of the heat concentrated to the center of the room. And they only heat an area a few feet around the heater. With the EP, the temperature will not vary in any part of the room.The EP comes with a 3-year warranty(保修) and a 60-day. no questions asked. Satisfaction guarantee. If you are not totally satisfied, return it to our expertise and your money will be given back to you.Now, we have a special offer for 10 days, during which you can enjoy a half price discount and a free delivery. if you order that, we reserve the right to either accept or reject order requests at the discounted price.Take action right now!56. What is mainly discussed in paragraph 2?A. the heat of the EP B. the safety of the EPC. the appearance of the EP D. the material of the EP57. From the passage, we can learn that the EP .A. doesnt burn up oxygen B. runs without any noiseC. makes people get sleepy D. is unsuitable for children and pets58. The underlined word “evenly” in paragraph 4 probably means . A. continuously B. separatelyC. quickly D. equally59. The main purpose of the passage is to . A. persuade people to buy the productB. advise people to save on heating billsC. report the new development of portable heatersD. compare the difference of different heart brands（2013福建卷)BYour glasses may someday replace your smartphone, and some New Yorkers are ready for the switch. Some in the city cant wait to try them on and use the maps and GPS that the futuristic eyewear is likely to include. Id use it if I were hanging out with friends at 3 a. m. and going to the bar and wanted to see what was open, said Walter Choo, 40, of Fort Greene.The smartphone-like glasses will likely come out this year and cost between $250 and $600, the Times said, possibly including a variation of augmented(增强的) reality, a technology already available on smartphones and tablets (平板电脑) that overlays information onto the screen about ones surroundings. So, for example, if you were walking down a street, indicators would pop up showing you the nearest coffee shop or directions could be plotted out and come into view right on the sidewalk in front of you. As far as a mainstream consumer product, this just isnt something anybody needs, said Sam Biddle, who writes for G. Were accustomed to having one thing in our pocket to do all these things, he added, and the average consumer isnt gonna be able to afford another device (装置) thats hundreds and hundreds of dollars. 9to5Google publisher Seth Weintraub, who has been reporting on the smartphone-like glasses since late last year, said he is confident that this type of wearable device will eventually be as common as smartphones.Its just like smartphones 10 years ago, Weintraub said. A few people started getting emails on their phones, and people thought that was crazy. Same kind of thing. We see people bending their heads to look at their smartphones, and its unnatural, he said. Theres gonna be improvements to that, and this a step there. 60. One of the possible functions of the smartphone-like glasses is to _.A.program the opening hours of a barB.supply you with a picture of the futureC.provide information about your surroundingsD.update the maps and GPS in your smartphones61.The underlined phrase pop up in the third paragraph probably means _.A. develop rapidlyB. get round quicklyC. appear immediatelyD. go over automatically62.According to Sam Biddle, the smartphone-like glasses are _.A. necessary for teenagersB. attractive to New YorkersC. available to people worldwideD. expensive for average consumers63.We can learn from the last two paragraphs that the smartphone-like glasses _.A. may have a potential marketB. are as common as smartphonesC. are popular among young adultsD. will be improved by a new technology（2013广东卷)DWhile Jennifer was at home taking an online exam for her business law class, a monitor（监控器）a few hundred miles away was watching her every move.Using a web camera equipped in Jennifers Los Angeles apartment, the monitor in Phoenix tracked how frequently her eyes moved from the computer screen and listened for the secret sounds of a possible helper in the room. Her Internet access was locked - remotely - to prevent Internet searches , and her typing style was analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was: Did she enter her student number at the same speed as she had in the past? Or was she slowing