浅谈粉刷质量问题及防治.doc

management systems and measures established by, and a number of pragmatic, combined part-time workforce education information, the protection of the digital campus construction and sustainable development. Six Bureau attaches great importance to information technology security, information technology security, entrust XX City Center for educational information and equipment dedicated to the work. Network security leading group was set up, chaired by the Education Bureau Chief, head, for XX education Metro-network and information security emergency response leadership. Deputy group leader for XX educational metropolitan area network and information security emergency response coordination, command. The team assist leader and deputy leader, responsible for network XX network security and information . Team. Information security work Conference held each semester, and deployment of information security of documents issued on a regular basis. Information security assessment is included in the annual index. Strictly implement the information security budget to ensure information security of investment. By XX, education information and equipment Centre XX network network security and information security. According to the information technology security requirements, issued a document requires schools (units) implement, defined the information security guidelines, specific work practices, procedures, and requirements. Clear industry information security incidents (accidents) to detect, report and disposal processes. According to self-examination, the school (units) basic established has network security management system; the school (units) according to this units actual, established has units personnel management, information system room management, and equipment management, and media management, and network security construction management, and shipped dimension management, and service outsourcing, management system; developed has computer and the network of network security responsibility held system, signed has network security responsibility; website of information management personnel is responsible for confidential management, password management, on computer enjoys independent right, User name and password of the computer for its proprietary, and release of provisions is prohibited, such as leaks, investigated for responsibility. According to who is in charge of whos in charge, who is running and who is responsible for, who uses principles of who is in charge of management schools (units) defined the roles and responsibilities of information security, assurance responsibilities to schools. XX city schools (units) total site 20, 19 of which were not classified security protection assessment, of which 1 (XX education and resource network) for classified security protection levels, without third-level information systems. Total education information systems 1 (XX education cloud platform), contains features with e-Government, resource library, test database, mail services, such as e-books, all intranet services. No for grade protection grading record and evaluation of school (units), requirements the school (units) according to information security grade protection about policy and standard, organization carried out information security grade protection security management system construction, and technology measures construction and grade evaluation, implementation grade protection system of the requirements, makes information system security management level obviouslyfacility up to 160 million Yuan, according to the standard, high quality planning XX educational metropolitan area network realizes Wan Zhaokuan to schools, hundreds of megabytes of broadband to the table, wire (ie: Web, video, audio) to the target, electronic whiteboards, multimedia classrooms, remote interactive video teaching system of modern educational equipment in the classroom. . With Intel company on XX Education City domain network of topic case design, relies on Cisco company thought Shu aid chuan project staff free provides has three years technology support, from 2009 began, according to high standards, and high of work thought, and manpower planning, and points step implementation, using school earthquake Hou reconstruction of opportunities, again planning elementary and middle schools campus network and education city domain network, and local broadcasting network company cooperation, using broadcast TV network, will physical fiber laying to each school, to minimum of cost achieved has physical fiber school school pass; Each school construction standards of campus network and network access to all rooms; XX education metropolitan area network center machine room equipment in the Ministry of education standardization management platform, the Central Library of audio-visual education resources, set up a Chinese teacher education cloud platform, implemented links the two platforms. At present, the citys primary and middle school students to computer 3198, vitality than 10:1; 809 equipment classes through the classroom (primary and secondary); 36 of the campus network. The establishment of an advanced, practical Gigabit educational metropolitan area network, the citys schools have access to educational metropolitan area network, schools have computer networks, closed-circuit television network, broadcast networks into the classrooms, realize the triple play. Schools share Internet bandwidth, can meet the needs of teaching of the school office and at any time. According to Ministry of education on full started implementation teaching points digital education resources full cover project of notification (taught technical letter (2012) 74th,) and XX Province Department of education on issued XX province teaching points digital education resources full cover project implementation views of notification (chuan taught letter (2013) 18th,) requirements, I city 6 a teaching points implementation teaching points digital education resources full cover project, combined I city specific situation, developed issued has XX City Bureau on teaching points digital resources full cover project of implementation programme, Established XX, full coverage of digital resources in modern distance education teaching project leading group, XX, chaired the Secretary for education. Established, digital resources in modern distance education teaching, XX full coverage project group, XX, Director of the Center for educational information and equipment chaired Zhu Guiyan, responsible for distance education digital resources covering project work. Projects in XX city school digital resources in modern distance education teaching full-coverage project leading group, digital resources in modern distance education teaching, and XX full coverage project group leadership and organization, in accordance with the unified arrangement of the whole province, responsible for university education digital resources covering project management and implementation. According to provinces arrangements, I Center has arrangements Gong浅谈粉刷质量问题的形成原因及控制方法 近年来，随着高层建筑的大量兴起，剪力墙及加气块等后塞墙体粉刷质量问题慢慢显露。剪力墙粉刷出现大量空鼓、开裂，此外开间大小头、垂直度偏差过大、上下角墙面平整度太差、阴阳角不方正等质量通病频繁出现。造成大量返工、及业主投诉，遭受经济效益和社会效益的严重损失。现就工程中遇到的粉刷质量问题，按“人机料法环”的思路，谈谈其中一些形成原因及控制方法。一人人包括工程相关的管理人员及施工人员，是管理中最大的难点、重点。“人机料法环”各环节都是由人来实施和控制的，抓住人就抓住了核心。在施工过程中，发现管理人员责任心不强，对现场管理随心所欲，不交底、不检查、不纠正；有些刚进单位的实习生脸皮薄、技术生，发现不了问题也开不了口；对工人管得严了，带班会说在别的地方都是这么做的，你到底懂不懂；抹灰工人又抱怨老板才给多少钱一个平方，如果每天不干多少平方的活，还不够进出场的搬家费呢综合遇到的问题，对所涉及到的相关人员做一个浅述。 A.管理人员 1.项目经理首先在项目部内部要建立一个完善的质量控制体系，并安排符合要求的技术员在相应的岗位，而且对这个系统的考核要常态化、经常化。工作落实到具体的个人，达到什么样的工作结果，对个人的工作如何考核，这中间有什么样奖罚措施，都要事先设计好。其次在合同条款上，除了工期、质量、造价、安全等一般内容外，对于质量部分应附加一份相应工作的“技术交底”作为补充。只是泛泛的说“根据国家相关规范”“根据某某标准”，并不能适应具体工程特点、也不能做到“企业标准应高于行业、国家标准”，更不具有实际操作性。往往基层管理人员没办法精细化管理，比如内粉是先做护角还是先粉大面，先做门窗套还是后做门窗套，面层满贴玻纤网格布还是不贴等等。很多细节都是涉及到报价的，如果合同里没有这么细的内容，后期施工的时候就是扯皮的隐患。最后项目经理应有坚定的职业操守，坚持原则和标准，作风端正硬派。往往在基层管理人员管理严格的时候，分包老板就会到项目经理处求情、诉苦，说这么管下去要亏了、标准没必要这么高等等。如果平时项目经理跟分包老板之间有经济利益，很可能就会放松管理睁一只眼闭一只眼！项目经理是项目部的标杆、表率，这个口子一旦松懈，那整个项目部就会江河日下，后果极其严重！2. 技术管理人员（技术负责、质量员、施工员）技术管理人员是位于工程第一线的管理人员，工程是在他们的眼皮底下、手底下一点一点做起来的。首先.技术员必须具备强烈的工作责任心。对于施工过程的控制是持续进行的，如果责任心不强、懒散懈怠就会错过关键节点的管理。对于粉刷的检查时效性很强，比如粉刷完成后第二天才发现垂直度偏差过大的话，就只有返工重做，浪费工时又浪费材料，而且工人肯不肯还得另说！其次.技术员要有过硬的技术水平，包括专业知识水平及施工经验积累。现场操作过程中，很多细节问题都需要一双有经验的眼睛去发现。比如施工洞口、窗边、门边的粉刷交接处应留直槎裁方正，比如粉刷层太厚的地方应先打底糙补平整，比如外墙面的脚手洞、螺杆洞封堵应事先制定专门的方案在粉刷前实施等等。最后.技术员要有严格的管理能力。技术岗位是个干实事的岗位，原则性的东西必须丁丁卯卯、条条框框、毫不让步。有些技术员发现问题张不开口，跟工人说过就认为是管过了！工人的嗓门大一点，自己就退缩了。规范要求5mm偏差，看看7mm也差不多就算了等等。管理是一个博弈过程，双方都在互相试探，你弱他就强，你能松口他就敢放水！B.施工人员1.劳务承包老板对于劳务承包老板，一定要控制其对劳务进行转包。本来一手承包价格是市场行情，经过他转包，真正干活的人拿到的价格非常低。俗话说慢工出细活，但是慢了就赚不到钱，工人心中也有一笔账。对其转包的控制，对转包价格的控制，对于保证施工质量、进行施工管理都有很重要的意义！其次，有的承包老板将喷浆、内粉、外粉、包门窗套、打饼等又进行肢解，分给夫妻队伍、自己的亲戚、各种小老板，对质量管理挑战非常大。项目部对于这种情况重点还是抓总承包人，在合同中明确质量等级要求、明确不同等级奖罚制度、明确操作技术交底，用经济手段对其进行管理。2.劳务工人当下建筑市场的工人，素质良莠不齐，一个小老板带七八个工人就出来搞工程，往往一个单元、几个楼层就一个施工班组。项目部面对这样的现状，应加强对工人的技术培训、质量意识教育及施工质量考核。工人都是出来赚钱的，一般都比较服从管理，质量上的问题只要认真抓，还是可以达到要求的。二机抹灰工程的“机”，包含搅拌机、塔吊、升降电梯、增压水泵等电动机械，又包括个人使用的手推车、大杠（直板）、灰铲、铁板、线锤、卷尺等。1. 电。电动机械首先就是电的管理，干到半途没电了，搅拌机里的料出不来、塔吊转不动、水泵打不上水，那就抓瞎了。项目的专职电工日常要做好供电系统的维护，与供电部门保持沟通，遇有区域停电应提前通知等。技术管理人员对突发停电事故，应在施工日志中做好详细记录，对于受影响的施工部位要进行后续跟踪，若有问题及时处理，不为日后留下质量隐患。2. 机械清理维护。每天收工前要做到工完料尽，机械设备清洗干净。专职机修工做好日常维护工作，发现有损害机械的违规操作时，应及时对工人进行管理教育，保证施工得以连续、正常进行。3. 个人工具应经常进行检查，如有问题必须及时更换。经常发现现场工人不是用的标准线锤，而是用砂浆自己浇了个“线锤”，更有随便捡一块砖头就用的！卷尺也有几把尺拉下来不一样长的情况，甚至刮大面的直板不足两米或翘曲的等等。三料料包括砂、水泥、水、外加剂。现在有的项目使用预拌砂浆。1. 砂应使用过筛后的中、粗砂，避免使用颗粒细的河沙及含泥量大的砂。2. 水泥现在用得较多的是罐装的散装水泥，应加强材料及现场管理，避免使用不合格、过期水泥，避免使用散落在罐体下受潮板结的水泥。虽教育工人收工前要清理现场，但仍会有别的班组造成散落，应注意。3. 水源应采用自来水，做好搅拌机旁蓄水池的管理，避免使用受污染的浑浊泥水、油污水等。4. 外加剂。因近年来市场上充斥着各种假冒伪劣砂浆王，而且现场工人投放随意不进行计量，导致使用砂浆王后粉刷层强度低、空鼓、开裂问题不断，现泰州地区已禁止使用砂浆王。5. 砂浆拌合水灰比应符合设计要求，同时根据季节适当调整。水灰比过大会造成流淌下坠产生水平向裂缝，且影响最终强度，水灰比过小又无法施工。四法1.基层处理A.不同结构交接面未挂钢丝网，所用钢丝网直径过细，网的覆盖小于30cm宽，网的固定方式不对在粉刷前已掉落，网贴得不平整无法粉刷被工人取下或者粉完后局部露网。B.剪力墙、砼腰梁、砼止水坎等光洁表面未清理、未喷浆扫毛。喷浆也可能密度、颗粒高度、强度不符合要求。尤其需要强调喷浆与粉刷施工之间的时间间隔，喷浆完成后必须经7天以上养护达到足够强度时，方可进行粉刷。有项目用废旧机油做模板脱模剂的，对此类板墙基层处理时应先刷火碱去除残余油污。C.粉刷前砼墙未提前3天浇水湿润。经常看到昨天浇水今天粉刷，应严格杜绝此类现象。混凝土墙面湿润需要一个较为缓慢的时间，提前1天浇水和提前3天浇水之间，砼被润湿的深度是不同的。虽然昨天浇水的墙面在粉刷时看起来也是湿润的，但是等粉刷层上去后，砼墙还是会在粉刷层形成强度期间吸收砂浆内的水分，从而影响砂浆强度形成进而造成结合面粘接不牢。烧结砖、加气块砌筑墙体提前一天浇水湿润，浇水不宜过湿，以表面微湿润为宜，含水量过大时砂浆无法粉挂上去，局部会下坠塌陷造成表面平整度不好及空鼓。D.对于墙面凹陷、孔洞、粉刷厚度偏大的部位，应根据情况先粉底糙，将凹陷补平。底糙也应注意时间，应待终凝后方可进行上层粉刷。E.框架结构后砌墙体未按规范要求设置拉结筋，一次砌筑高度大于1.5M，砌筑后未经7天以上时间沉降就堵塞墙上与梁间缝隙，缝隙堵塞后未再经7天时间沉降即行粉刷！F.底层、顶层窗台未按规范要求设置窗台梁，墙身未设腰梁，墙高大于4米未设圈梁，墙长大于5米未设构造柱等。2. 粉刷A. 粉刷应严格按技术交底方案及操作规程进行，先找规矩套方，再打饼吊垂直充筋。饼的间距应小于直板长度2M，墙面上下饼之间应吊垂直以保证墙面垂直度。存在打饼的人不属于粉刷班组的现象，粉刷完成后垂直度和开间大小不对时，粉刷的人推说饼不好，打饼的又说是没粉好。为避免这个现象发生，技术员应在打饼结束后加强检查，并交代粉刷班组粉刷前应复核。如果饼不好就不粉，否则有问题就是粉刷班组的责任。B.根据抹灰厚度及质量等级，抹灰层应分两遍以上成活。每遍不宜过厚，一般讲混合砂浆为810mm，水泥砂浆68mm为宜。现场操作时见到工人上午抹底层，下午抹面层，应予禁止。严格控制每遍抹灰之间的时间间隔，必须待底层抹灰形成强度后方可进行上层抹灰，一般隔一夜以上。C.混合砂浆使用时间夏季不得大于3小时，冬季不得大于4小时。水泥砂浆再减一个小时。D.粉刷前应将房间打扫干净，落地灰的收集再利用不得被泥土污染。E.面层抹灰采用覆盖玻纤网格布的措施预防产生裂缝，所用网格布不宜低于120g，粉刷完成后网格布不得明露。F.遇有施工洞口、门窗洞口等留槎部位，应用直板裁方正，禁止任意形状随意留置。G.墙体阴阳角、墙体上下角经常出现收手不干净、平整度差的现象。技术员应专门交底，加强检查。将此类问题一开始就予消灭，养成工人良好的操作习惯，以后就比较好管理。如果开始不管，做到一半后再去管，工作就很难做了。五环环包括养护环境及温度环境两方面。1.养护环境A. 养护应由专人负责，项目部加强监督检查。B. 应始终保持粉刷面湿润。C. 养护时间必须在7日以上。2. 温度环境A. 夏季温度高时，应加大养护频率。B. 冬季粉刷应注意保暖，应制定相应的冬期施工方案。C. 养护期遇季风及日温度变化剧烈的季节，应封闭施工现场门窗，减少其对粉刷层的不利影响。粉刷虽只是一个分项工程，但其质量控制工作却是整个项目这个复杂系统工程的一个缩影。作为工程管理人员，熟悉各种影响因素、技术规范、操作规程，在工作中结合实际情况对技术和管理两方面不断进行思考总结，逐步提高自己的综合管理水平，为以后的工作奠下坚实的基础。总结人： 2014年6月30日 外商投资企业需改变登记注册事项,应当及时办理变更登记。变更项目应在报经原审批机关批准后30天内向登记主管机关申请办理变更登记。improve, security prevention capacity obviously enhanced, security hidden and security accident obviously reduced, effective guarantees information health development. XX Education Centre regularly carry out day-to-day network security monitoring information and equipment. By the appropriate technical staff, XX network engine room maintenance staff on site management and maintenance on a regular basis, scheduled viewing of networks, systems, databases and associated equipment operating conditions, and make a record. Computer lab maintenance managers regularly run a variety of devices in the school information system parameters, server systems and various data backup, so that there was a hardware failure in a system crash can resume quickly and efficiently. Computer lab maintenance managers establish a network antivirus system, Avira Virus system on a regular basis, and anti-virus software security assessment, time to upgrade. Computer lab maintenance management for all equipment in the room a regular dust, replace the old label. Regularly host servers, network switches, core routing, firewalls, hardware maintenance, such as equipment failure, should be processed in a timely manner in order to ensure safe and reliable operation of the system. In XX city information and equipment was established within the Centre, educational metropolitan area network center machine room XX. Servers and data stores and applications to set up in XX City metropolitan area network center machine room. WindowsServer2003, windowsServer2008, windowsServer2012, Linux, the operating system, the database for SQL Server2008, Office software, such as Microsoft Office software. Schools (units) of computer, information system security products for domestic products, including the use of 360 and kingsoft Internet security software. XX education metropolitan area network used by the server for HP, firewall and information security product for Huawei and Cisco products. In their daily work, to publicize related knowledge and information security considerations. Enhanced global awareness of network and information security, and strive to achieve network everyone knows security and virus before the guard, to improve network and information security, ensure that the XX education system network and information system security. Tracking reporting system requires all parties to strengthen collaboration, work closely with emergency safety plan developed XX education metropolitan area network, regularly carry out emergency drills, and carried out special funds every year to protect the security of information. Annual 2-3 professional training for network managers in the city, forming technology with a strong professional and technical team, school network managers on common network failures and be capable of solving security issues. Issues that cannot be resolved, timely forms of meetings, such as meetings, analysis, and solutions through a meeting, without rolling up the ability to solve problems, and feedback to superiors in writing departments to resolve. Through self-examination, we are well aware, relative lack of investment in education, facilities and equipment for further updates, education development is still uneven, new education concepts need to be further enhanced to some extent and restricting the development of city education. We will take the opportunity of government supervision, to strive for the province education demonstration counties as a driving force, further increase input in education, efforts to promote thelong wing, and Li Wanfu, and Michael Jenkins, and Chen Jian, and Song and xiaochuanyun, 7 bit comrade participate in province backbone face-to-face or network learning, do each teaching points are has teachers participate in training, October 17, 2013, issued XX city education information and equipment Center on requirements the teaching points school for good satellite ground station installation prepared of notification, requirements school related management personnel familiar XX province teaching points digital education resources full cover project construction management manual, Particularly with regard to installation preparation parts according to the point of XX province full coverage of digital educational resources in the project construction management manual . Devices are able to receive TV signals and IP data, the schools have school training and school-based application to use good. Actively organize implementation of a division of a class, a teacher in one class activity. XX in XX city first to complete full registration of teachers working in this city, XX, Sun class rate of 54 per cent respectively, the forefront. In XX, a division of a class, a class a total ranked first in Division activities, was awarded the national ministerial one, 2 provincial second prize, third prize at the provincial level 3. Actively organize implementation of the e-learning space the work of everyone. At present, in the open space of public service platform of provincial educational resources teachers number 2444, 83 to the total number of teachers, student number is 6569 of the open space, the citys total students 18.31 to (junior high school student