unit6被动语态.doc

英语的语态：主动语态和被动语态什么时候要用被动语态呢 知道动作的执行者是谁，用被动语态。 Football is played all over the world 没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，用被动语态。 The bridge was built last year.需要强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态。 The room hasnt been cleaned yet. 当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。如：The window was blown by wind.窗户被风吹开了。汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等客观的说明时。例如： It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house. It was reported that her mother died of SARS.It is well known that 众所周知 It is supposed that 据推测说 汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。例如 Tina is asked to come by PaulTina是被Paul叫来的。某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如： He was born in October，1989 被动语态的谓语构成助动词be动词过去分词(根据句子的主语和时态，助动词be的变化是通过人称、数和时态的变化表现出来的，疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。 有am, is, are, was, were, been几个形式变化。)时 态主动语态被动语态一般现在时do/doesam/is/are+过去分词一般过去时didwas/were+过去分词一般将来时will/be going to+动词原形will/be going to+be+过去分词过去将来时would+动词原形would+be+过去分词现在进行时am/is/are+现在分词am/is/are+being+过去分词过去进行时was/were+现在分词was/were+being+过去分词现在完成时have/has+过去分词have/has+been+过去分词过去完成时had+过去分词had+been+过去分词含情态动词情态动词+动词原形情态动词+be+过去分词主动语态变被动语态解题步骤1. 找宾语 -即动作的承受者2. 判断宾语的单复数 -即be动词的单复数.3. 判断动词的时态 -即be动词的时态.4. 修改谓语的时态 -即原句动词改为过去分词5. 修改原句的主语 -即by+ 主语/ 宾语.They make shoes in that factory. are Shoes made by them. were主动句中谓语动词的发出者由by引出，作为by的宾语，也可以省略。请看以下主动语态和被动语态结构的转换：主动语态:主语谓语宾语被动语态: 主语+be+过去分词+by+宾语例： We clean our classroom every day. （主动） Our classroom is cleaned by us every day.注意把主动语态改为被动语态时，句子的时态不能变。如上 例，所给的主动句子是一般现在时，改为被动语态时，也 要用一般现在时。如果主动句中的主语是人称代词，改为被动句时作介词 by的宾语，要用宾格。如上例中的主语we改为us。一一般现在时被动语态S(主语）+am/is /are +过去分词1.Li Ming drives the bus through the city. The bus _ _by Li Ming through the city.2.They look after the children well. The children _well _ _by them.3.The policeman stops us at the station. We _ _by the policeman at the station.4. His father tells them a story every day. They _ _a story every day.5.They sell fruit every day. Fruit _ _by _every day.二一般过去时被动语态一般过去时 waswere +过去分词1.Li Ming drove the bus through the city. The bus _ _by Li Ming through the city.2.They looked after the children well. The children _well_ _by them.3.The policeman stopped us at the station. We_ _by the policeman at the station.三情态动词的被动语态情态动词(mustcancouldmay) + be + 过去分词1.You must return the books to him at once.The books _ _ _to him at once.2.He can finish the work in two days. The work _ _ _ by _ in two days.3.We should clean the machine every day. The machine _ _ _every day.4.They may fix the car in three days. The car_ _ _by _in three days.5.She will buy another bike soon. Another bike _ _ _by_soon.四一般将来时被动语态S+ will+be+过去分词 s+ be going to +be+过去分词1. They will finish the work in ten days.The work _ _ _ in ten days.1.He is going to write down the story. The story is going to _ _ down by _.2.They are going to build the bridge. The bridge is going to _ _ by them.3.She was going to read the book. The book was going to _ _ by _4.His brother is going to speak English in class. English is going to _ _ by him in class.5.You are going to answer the phone from SH. The phone from Shanghai is going to _ _ by you.现在进行时被动语态S+ am/is/are + being +过去分词1. Some workers are painting the rooms now._2. They are holding a sports meeting now._过去进行时被动语态S+ was/were + being +过去分词1. Some workers were painting the rooms at 10:00 yesterday._现在完成时被动语态S+ have/has + been+过去分词1.The doctor has saved many peoples lives. Many peoples lives _ _ _by the doctor.2.The dustmen havent collected the rubbish. The rubbish _ _ _ by the dustmen yet.3.They have sold out the magazines. The magazines_ _ _ _by _.4.Someone has just broken the glass. The glass _just _ _by someone. 四几种值得注意的被动语态变化一些使役动词(let, have, make等)或感观动词(see, hear, watch, notice等)在动语态中后面接的动词不定式不带to，但改为被动语态时，要补上to。如：The boss makes the workers work 18 hours a day. The workers are made to work 18 hours a day by the boss.I saw him enter the house.He was seen to enter the house by me.The teacher let them leave the classroom after class.They were let to leave the classroom by the teacher after class.We hear her sing in the room every day.She is heard to sing in the room every day注意当使用see/hear/watch sb doing sth时，变为被动语态时，doing保持不变。如：I saw him going into the shop.(主动)He was seen going into the shop.(被动) 带有双宾语的被动结构在句中的使用。 有些动词可以带两个宾语，即指人的间宾和指物的直宾。可以将其中一个宾语提到前面做主语，另一个留在后面。A.Her parents bought her a new computer yesterday. She was bought a new computer yesterday. A new computer was bought for her yesterday.B.They have given me some good advice. I have been given some good advice. Some good advice has been given to me.C.She will write a long letter to David Smith. A long letter will be written to David Smith. David Smith will be written a long letter. 带双宾语的动词主要有以下几个：give, buy, sell, take, bring, make, hand, pass, keep, send等带双宾语的动词，改为被动语态，当用直接宾语作主语时，要根据动词的习惯配搭、要在间接宾语前补上介词to或for.它们的句型主要有以下几个：give sth to sb=give sb sthbuy sth for sb=buy sb sth sell sth to sb=sell sb sthtake sth to sb=take sb sth bring sth to sb=bring sb sthmake sth for sb=make sb sth hand sth to sb=hand sb sthpass sth to sb=pass sb sth keep sth for sb=keep sb sthsend sth to sb=send sb sth 例：He passed me some paper.(主动) Some paper was passed to me by him.（被动）You must keep some fruit for him.(主动) Some fruit must be kept for him.（被动） 不用被动语态的几种情况 1). 不及物动词没有被动语态。 如：belong, happen, take place, last, come true, remain, succeed, fall, die, arrive, 等。 * Great changes have taken place in this city. * That bike doesnt belong to Mike. 2) 表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态 have / fit I have a TV set. The coat fits me well. 3）祈使句一般没有被动语态。【正】Look at the blackboard，please 【