高三非谓语动词总复习

第八章非谓语动词 定义 在句中不单独做谓语 不被主语限定 无人称和数的变化的一种动词形式 分类 不定式动名词分词 除过分外 都有时态和语态的变化 1 不定式的时态和语态 1 1Idon tknowwhetheryouhappen butI mgoingtostudyintheUSAthisSeptember tobeheardB tobehearingC tohearD tohaveheard 一 不定式 1 1完成式表动作发生在谓语之前 D 1 2I tocallonyouyesterday butsomeonecametoseemejustwhenIwasabouttoleave didn tintendB hadintendedC intendedD wasintending B 1 2hope think want plan expect mean intend tohavedone可表示本想做 但实际没有做 had meant intended todo也有一样用法 1 3Policearenowsearchingforawomanwhoisreportedto sincethefloodhitthearealastFriday havebeenmissingB havegotlostC bemissingD getlost A 1 3完成进行式表开始于谓语之前 谓语发生时可能停止 也可能继续 1 4Asthetwentiethcenturycametoaclose therawmaterialsforagreatnationalliteraturewereathand waiting touseB tobeusedC tohaveusedD tobeusing B 1 4被动含义用被动结构 1 5Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident losehisjob sonotastoB soasnottoC soastonotD notsoasto B 1 5否定形式是notto 但表示目的时只能用inordernotto或soasnotto 2 不定式的用法 2 1Itissillyofyou alleggsinonebasket ThatwastheworstmistakeI veevermade toputB tohaveputC puttingD havingput B 2 1不定式做主语 2 2Myjobwastowashbottles whichwouldthenbefilledwithwine or thefilledbottles toputB puttingC havingputD beingput A 2 2不定式作表语 2 3Mr Smithwarnedhisdaughter afterdrinking nevertodriveB toneverdriveC neverdrivingD neverdrive A 2 3不定式作宾补 2 4Willyoubeabletoattendthelecture nextweek A givingB givenC tobegivenD beinggiven C 2 4作定语 介词 which todo作定语的用法 Eg Thekeywithwhichtoopenthedoorhasbeenlost Wemovedtoavillasothatthechildrencouldhaveagardeninwhichtoplay 1 which是关系代词 2 这个结构作定语 只能用which 试比较 Icouldn tdecidewhichonetobuy Itookacourseonhowtodress 2 4 1Withoutfacts apersoncan tformacorrectopinion forheneedstohaveactualknowledge histhinking whichtobaseB onwhichtobaseC wheretobaseD whichbebasedon B 2 5Helenhadtoshout abovethesoundofthemusic makingherselfheartomakeherselfhearmakingherselfheardtomakeherselfheard D 2 5不定式作目的状语 2 6Thereportershurriedtotheairport only thefilmstarhadleft totellB tobetoldC tellingD told B 2 6不定式作结果状语 3 不带to的不定式 3 1Pauldoesn thavetobemade Healwaysworkshard learnB tolearnC learnedD learning B 3 1注意感官动词 使役动词的特殊用法 3 2Sandycoulddonothingbut tohisteacherthathewaswrong admitB admittedC admittingD toadmit A 3 2but except的用法 前面有do 后面不要to 前面没有do 后面要跟to but except的用法是比较常用的 还有一些有 前面有do 后面不带to 的用法的词 如besides than 都作 除了 讲 e g Hedidnothingelsethanlaugh 3 3Ifyouareplanningtospendyourmoneyhavingfunthisweek better it you vegotsomebigbillscoming forgetB forgotC forgettingD toforget A 3 3下列固定短语之后跟不带to的不定式 hadbetter hadbest wouldrather than wouldsooner than would ratherthan can thelpbut can tbut can tchoosebut may mightaswell donomorethan Shallwegoskatingorstayathome Which doyourself doyouratherwouldyouratherwillyourathershouldyourather B 3 4 AllYangyangwantedtodowhenshegotherfirstgoldmedalwas thankstohercoachandteammates A sayB saidC sayingD abouttosay A 3 4用来诠释do的含义的不定式 表语可用不带to的不定 e g Theonlythingtodoisrunaway 4 不定式的主动表被动 Hefeltitagreathonor tovisitmewhenIwasinhiscity tohavebeentakentohavetakenhavingtakenbeingtaken A 普遍用法 被动意思用被动结构 4 1 Willyoupleasetellmewhyyouhadnopen inclass Kate tohavewrittentohavebeenwrittentobewrittenwithtowritewith D 4 1不定式作定语 4 2Ifindtheseproblemsareeasy tobeworkedouttoworkthemouttoworkouttobeworkedthemout C 4 2adj todo作状语 用主动表被动 常见adj有 difficult easy heavy light hard interesting comfortable soft 4 3Therebe句型中 主 被动均可 但如有forsb 则用主动 e g Thereisnothingformetodo 4 4Mr Greenstoodupindefenseofthe16 year oldboy sayingthathewasnottheone blamedB blamingC toblameD tobeblamed C 4 4toblame tolet只用主动式 e g I mtoblame 4 5 Whydoyoulooksosad Withsomanyproblems I minadifficultsituation settledB remainedtosettleC beingsettledD remainingtobesettled D 4 5with复合结构中的用法 5 1 Whathappenedtoyouonyourwaybacktothehotel Ilostmywayincompletedarknessand thingsworse itbegantopour makingB tomakeC havingmadeD made B 5 常用的含不定式的惯用语 tobehonesttotellyouthetruthtoputitmildlytomakethingsworsetotakeallthingsintoconsideration 6 不定式的复合结构 6 1Itisfoolish suchamistake forhimtomakeforhimmakingofhimmakingofhimtomake D 6 1adj ofsb todo侧重评价人物的特性 特征 常见的adj有 kind nice foolish silly stupid rude cruel wise clever brave selfish crazy good careful careless impolite right wrong 比较 Itisgoodofyoutogivemeapresent Itisgoodforyoutodoshadowboxing 二 动名词 1 动名词的时态和语态 1 1 Henrydoesn tseemlikethesameperson somuchinthewarhasmadehimmorethoughtful ForhimtoseeB Hisseeing C HavingseenD Tohaveseen C 1 1动名词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前 1 2 tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone sskin ExposedB HavingexposedC BeingexposedD Afterbeingexposed C 1 2动名词的被动含义要用被动结构 1 3Howaboutthetwoofus awalkdownthegarden A totakeB takeC takingD tobetaking C 1 3动名词动作的发出者是其逻辑主语时 用主动式 动名词的逻辑主语是动名词动作的承受着时 则用被动式 e g Hecan timaginebeingtreatedlikethat 1 4Did ontimemakeherteacherangry nottocomeB hernottocomeC hernotcomingD nothercoming C 1 4not放在V ing之前 2 动名词的用法 2 1It snecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp TohavehadB HavinghadC HaveD Having D 2 1作主语 不定式作主语和动名词作主语的区别 2 1 1 withaforeignerisapleasureforhim sothathecanimprovehisEnglish TotalkB TalkingC TalkedD Tohavetalked B 2 1 2Itischallenging itatthistimeofyear A todoB doingC doneD tobedone A 2 1 3There snopoint time towasteB wasteC inawasteofD inwasting D 2 1 1不定式表某一次具体的 特定的或有待实现的动作 而动名词则表示通常的情况 2 1 2常用动名词作主语的句型 Itisawasteof n in doingsth Itislittle no hardlyanygood usedoingsth Itisuselessdoingsth Itisworthwhile worthone swhiledoingsth Thereisnowaydoing nopoint in nouse nogood in nosense in 没道理 2 2Whatworriedmemostwas togoabroad mynotallowingB havingnotallowedC mybeingnotallowedD mynotbeingallowed D 2 2作表语 不定式和动名词作表语的区别 2 2 1通常区别不大 2 2 2不定式会表达某一特定的行为 尤指有待于实现的行为 而动名词不强调动作 只说明动作的名称 这两种结构作表语可与主语互换位置 e g Thegreatesthappinessistowork workingforpeople Yourworkthisafternoonistofinishtheplan MyjobisteachingEnglish TeachingEnglishismyjob 2 3Ireallyappreciate torelaxwithyouonthisniceisland tohavehadtimeB havingtimeC tohavetimeD tohavingtime B 2 3作宾语 2 3 1以下动词用动名词作宾语 advisesuggestconsideradmitappreciatemindfancyavoidexcusedelayimaginedenyenjoypractiseresistescaperiskquittoleratedetestallowpermitforbidrecollectmisspardon 2 3 2v to prep 构成的常见短语 beused accustomedtolookforwardtogetdowntodevote to payattentiontoobjectto 2 3 3不定式作宾语和动名词作宾语的区别 I 有些词跟todo和doing作宾语时 区别不大 如like love hate prefer continue begin start begin和start在下列情况中常跟todo a 主语是无生命之物 e g Itbegantorain b begin start用于进行时态时 c 后面跟表示心理活动的词如know understand believe II 区别以下结构 trytodo doing meantodo doing stoptodo doing goontodo doing besuretodo ofdoing beafraidtodo ofdoing remember forget regrettodo doing havingdone 这三个词及admit deny apologize thank及after之后可用doing的一般式表完成式的意思 e g Thankyoufortellingmethetruth 2 4Theoldmaniswalkinghardagainstwindswitha stickinhishand Let shelphim walkB walkedC walkingD walker C 2 4动名词作定语 动名词置于名词前作定语 表被修饰的名词的性能或用途 awaitingroomawashingmachineachangingroomahidingplaceaguessinggame 三分词 现在分词表示正在进行或主动的意义 而过去分词表示已经完成或被动的意义 fallingleavestherisingsunfallenleavestherisensunboilingwaterdevelopingcountriesboiledwaterdevelopedcountries 1 1Vi 作定语 这时只有时态的区别 1 分词的基本意义 Iheardsomeoneclosingthedoor Iheardthedoorclosed 1 2这里有语态的区别 1 3Havingnomoneybut toknow hesimplysaidhewouldgowithoutdinner nottowantanyonewantednoonenotwantinganyonetowantnoone C 1 3分词的否定式是 not 分词 试比较 Havingnotreceivedhisletterforlong shefeltalittleworried Nothavingreceivedhisletterforlong shefeltalittleworried F T 2 分词的的时态和语态 2 1MoreandmorepeoplearesigningupforYogaclassesnowdays advantageofthehealthandrelaxationbenefit takingB takenC havingtakenD havingbeentaken A 2 1现分的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生 2 2Thestormleft alotofdamagetothisarea causedB tohavecausedC tocauseD havingcaused D 2 2现分的完成式表示的动作先于谓语动词表示的动作发生 2 3Thefirsttextbooks forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury havingwrittenB tobewrittenC beingwrittenD written D 2 3过分表完成和被动 完成式不能作定语 2 4When help oneoftensays Thankyou or It skindofyou offeringB toofferC tobeofferedD offered D 2 4题中的过分没有完成意义只有被动意义 C不能和when连用 2 5 inawhiteuniform helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor DressedB TodressC DressingD Havingdressed A 2 5有些vt的过分表被动的意味并不强 它们表示的主要是一种状态或结果 e g Ifoundhimseatedatthebackoftheclassroom 常见的词还有 absorbedin lostin 3 分词的作用 3 1 1Thewildflowerslookedlikeasoftorangeblanket thedesert coveringB coveredC coverD tocover A 3 1 2Therehavebeenseveralnewevents onlytopeopleforthe2008BeijingOlympicGames A addB toaddC addingD added D 3 1 1现在分词作定语 表主动意义 3 1 2过去分词作定语 表被动意义 3 1 3分词修饰something everything anything nothing nobody等不定代词或指示代词those时 要后置 e g Hewasoneofthoseinvited 3 2Mr Smithis ofthe speech sohestartedtoreadanovel tired boringB tiring boredC tired boredD tiring boring A 3 2分词作表语 ing 令人 的 ed 感到 的 3 3 1Helookedaroundandcaughtaman hishandintothepocketofapassenger putB tobeputtingC toputD putting D 3 3 2 Whydidyougobacktotheshop Ileftmyfriend there waitingB towaitC waitD waits A 3 3 1catchsbdoing 抓住某人正在做某事 最常用分词作宾补的词有 感官动词 使役动词 3 3 2leavesbdoing 让某人一直做某事 非谓语分词形式 宾补动作情况 宾语和宾补的逻辑关系 doing beingdone done 正在进行或持续 同上 完成 状态或动作全过程 主动 被动 被动 3 4 1Weoftenprovideourchildrenwithtoys footballsorbasketballs thatallchildrenlikethesethings thinkingB thinkC tothinkD thought A 3 4 1现分作状语 主动 表原因 3 4分词作状语 3 4 2 differentcultures weoftenpayattentiononlytothedifferenceswithoutthemanysimilarities ComparedB BeingcomparedC ComparingD Havingcompared C 3 4 2现分作状语 主动 表时间 3 4 3Don tsitthere nothing Comeandhelpmewiththistable A doB todoC doingD anddoing C 3 4 3现分作状语 主动 表伴随 3 4 4 time he llmakeafirst classtennisplayer HavinggivenB TogiveC GivingD Given D 3 4 4过分作状语 被动 表条件 3 4 5Alotofgoodlandhasgonewiththem onlysand toleaveB leav