自考《现代语言学》试题题型.doc

现代语言学试题题型举例. Define the following terms, giving examples for illustration (20%; 5 terms ):1. duality-2. free morpheme-3. phonology -4. context-5. polysemy -. Indicate the following statements true or false (20%; 20 statements):( )1. While language is arbitrary by nature, it is not entirely arbitrary.( )2. Phonology is a branch of linguistics which studies the sentence pattern of a language.( )3. Phonemes are the smallest meaningful unit of language.( )4. Modern linguists regard the written language as primary, not the spoken.( )5. English is a typical tone language. Fill each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given (20%; 20 blanks): 1. The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the a_ of that phoneme.2. A linguistic study is d_ if it describes and analyses facts observed; it is p_ if it tries to lay down rules for correct behavior.3. Competence is the ideal language users knowledge of his l_, while p_ is the actual realization of this knowledge in utterances.4. The two subtypes of affixes are p_ and s_.5. The description of a language at some point in time is a s_ study.6. P_ can be defined as the study of how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful communication.7. The notion of c_ is essential to the pragmatic study of language.8. Normally, a sentence consists of at least a s_ and p_.9. Morphology is the study of the internal s_ of words and the way in which w_ are formed.10. G_ antonyms may be seen in terms of degrees of the quality involved. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement (20 %; 20 statements):1. _ are produced when the obstruction is complete at first, then released slowly with friction resulting from partial obstruction.A. Nasals B. Glides C. Fricatives D. Affricates2. The words “autumn” and “fall” are _.A. synonyms differing in emotive meaning B. collocationally-restricted synonymsC. dialectal synonyms D. synonyms differing in styles3. The word “unhappiness” has _ morphemes.A. one B. two C. three D. four4. The word “girls” has _ morphemes.A. one B. two C. three D. four5. In English, “un-” and “dis-” are called _.A. prefixes B. suffixes C. infixes D. grammatical words6. A word with several meaning is called _.A. an abnormal word B. a polysemous wordc. a synonymous word D. none of the above7. Language is _, which means that there is no logical connection between meanings and sound.A. productive B. arbitrary C. dual D. universal8. Which of the following sounds is a voiceless bilabial stop?A. p B. m C. b D. t9. The pair of words “buy” and “sell” are _.A. gradable antonyms B. relational antonymsC. synonyms D. co-hyponyms10. F. de Saussure is a(n) _.A. American B. British C. Swiss D. Russian. Answer the following questions as comprehensively as possible, giving examples if necessary (20%; 5 from 7 questions):1. What are the differences between a root and a stem?2. What does pragmatics study? How are pragmatics and traditional semantics related, and how do they differ?3. What are the major differences between modern linguistics and traditional grammar?4. What is the semantic triangle?5. Exemplify the CP and maxims proposed by P. Grice?6. Why is speech considered prior