历年(2002-2011)全国职称英语考试A级考试真题及参考答案.doc

历年全国职称英语考试理工类（A级）考试试题及参考答案2002年全国职称英语考试理工类（A级）考试试题及参考答案第1部分：词汇选项 (第115题，每题1分，共15分)下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。1 The price of vegetables f1uctuates according to the weather.A jumps B risesC falls D changes2 Did you do that to irritate her?A tease B attractC annoy D protect3 Mary looked pale and wearyA ill B tiredC worried D peaceful4 The water in this part of the river has been contaminated by sewage(污水).A polluted B downgradedC mixed D blackened5 Her treatment of the subject is exhaustive.A very boring B very thoroughC very interesting D very touching6 Alice is a fascinating girl.A a beautiful B a prettyC an attractive D a pleasant7 Her mood can be gauged by her reaction to the most trivial of incidents.A displayed B shownC proved D assessed8 The old lady let her flat to an English couple.A offered B rentedC provided D sold9 She stood there，crying and trembling with fearA shaking B staggeringC struggling D murmuring10 They strolled around the lake for an hour or so.A ran B rolledC walked D raced11 The conclusion can be deduced from the premisesA argued B derivedC permitted D come12 I can no longer tolerate his actionsA putupwith B acceptC take D suffer from13 Our plan is to allocate one member of staff to handle appointments.A ask B persuadeC assign D order14 She has been the subject of massive media coverage.A extensive B negativeC responsive D explosive15 I expect that she will be able to cater for your particular needs.A supply B reachC provide D meet第2部分：阅读判断 (第1622题，每题1分，共7分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息， 请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该旬提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。Eruptions of Mount Saint HelensOn March 27，the US Govemment scientists made a decision after they predicted the emption of Mount Saint HelensThey telephoned all state and local officials in the area and told them that a serious eruption was possible at any time,Roads were closed to every one except scientists and forest keepers struggled to keep curious visitors away from the mountain.Shortly after noon on March 27，Mount Saint Helens erupted for the first time in 1 23 yearsPeople living north of the mountain heard a loud boom that shook their windows，and airline pilots flying near the volcano soon afterwards described a thick black colunm of ash and steam shooting more than 2，100 meters into the skyLater,scientists found that the explosion had made a new crater(大坑)in the top of the mountainnot far from the old craterThe north side of the peak now had a huge bulge(凸出部分) where rock and ice had been pushed out by the eruptionA second eruption shook the mountain on March 28It，too，sent up a column of black ash high into the skyBy March 29，scientists flying over the mountain saw that a second craterformed about 9 meters from the first oneStrange blue flames flickered(闪烁)inside the crater and sometimes jumped from one crater to the otherBy April the mountain had erupted several more times and the snow on the north slope of the peak was black with ashAsh carried by the wind had fallen on towns as far as 240 kilometersaway from Mount Saint HelensDuring the first week of April，Mount Saint Helens gave scientists something new to worry about：harmonic tremors(震动)recorded by scientists showed a big eruption would happenAll during April and into May Mount Saint Helens continued to shudder(震动)and shoot out ashBy.April8, two craters had merged to from a vast hole nearly a half of a kilometer wide and 250 meters deepScientistsmain worry during this time was the growing bulge of rock and ice onthe north face of the mountainBy May 7 scientists feared the worstTheir warnings led Washington Governor to set up safety zones around the mounminThe innerredzone was open to scientists onlyThe outerbluezone was open only to people who got special permitsBut in spite ofthese warnings，some people got past the road barriers and risked their lives trying to get close to the volcano16 American scientists predicted that Mount Saint Helens was to erupt soon.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned17 Pilots flying at the height of more than 2，100 meters saw a thick black column of ash and steam shooting up into the air from the craterA Right B Wrong C Not mentioned18 A new crater,which was to the south of the old one，was formed after the Second eruption.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned19 The quakes recorded during the first week of April in the area of Mount Saint Helens warned scientists of a new eruptionA Right B Wrong C Not mentioned20 Two scientists lost their lives during the second eruption of Mount Saint Helens.ARight B Wrong C Not mentioned2 1 Most of the dreadful eruptions of Mount Saint Helens took place in early MayA Right B Wrong C Not mentioned22 The eruption of Mount Saint Helens attracted a large number of foreign touristsA Right B Wrong C Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子 (第2330题，每题1分，共8分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第36段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。Electromagnetic Energy1White light seems to be a combination of all colorsThe energy that comes from a source of light is not limited to the kind of energy you can seeHeat is given off by a flame or an electric lightOn a cloudy day it is possible to get a sunbam even though you feel coo1Visible light and the kinds of energy that produce warmth and sunburn are examples of electromagnetic energy2The sun is 93 million miles from the earthYet we can use energy from the sun because electromagnetic energy travels through space3Many Other kinds of energy are also types of electromagnetic energyRadio，television，and radar signals travel from transmitters to receivers as low-energy electromagnetic wavesl Infrared(红外线的)radiation is an electromagnetic waveWhen it is absorbed by matterheat is produced.Waves of infrared and visible light have more energy than waves of radio，television，or radar.Ultraviolet rays(紫外线)and X-rays are electromagnetic waves with even greater amounts of energyInfrared radiation is used in cooking food and heating buildingsSunlight and electric lights are part of our requirements for normal livingUltraviolet radiation is useful in killilag certain disease organismsX-rays and gamma rays have so much energy that they travel right through solid obieetsThey can be used to detect and treat cancerX-rays are used in industry to find hidden cracks in metaland in medicine to reveal broken bones4 Usually we use electricity togenerate electromagnetic energyThe source of most of our energy is the sunHeat from the sun causes water to evadorateWhen the water falls to the earth as rainsome of it is trapped behind dams and then used to operate electric generatorsOther generators are powered by coal，but the energy stored in coal came from the sun，too5Until recently,the source of the tremendous amount of energy given off by the sun was a puzzleIf the sun depended on chemical reactionsit would have used up all its energy long agoExperiments with electromagnetic radiation led to the theory that mass can be converted into energyAbout forty years after the theory was proposed，nuclear energy was hamessed(利用)by man.Chemical energy comes from electron(电子)rearrangementNuclear energy comes from a change in the nucleus of an atomCompared with chemical reactions，nuclear reactions release millions of times more energy per pound of fuelWe now believe that the suns energy comes from the nuclear reactions in which hydrogen is changed into helium (氦)6 Nuclear energy is beginning to compete with coal as an economical source of power to generate electricityIt is also being used to operate engines in large shipsScientists continue to seek new and better methods of obtaining and using energy.23 Paragraph 324 Paragraph 425 Paragraph 526 Paragraph 6A Nuclear Reactions as the Lasting Source of the Suns EnergyB The Most lmportant Source of EnergyC Types of Electromagnetic EnergyD The Machines Used for Energy GenerationE Seeking New Sources of EnergyF The Use of Ultraviolet Radiation in Medicine27 One can get a sunburn even .28 Infrared radiation can produce heat .29 X-rays and gamma rays can be used to detect andtreat cancer .30 Chemical energy is generated .A when it is absorbed by matterB when it is cloudyC because they can pass through solid objectsD when the sunrays are fierceE when a change in the nucleus of an atom takes placeF when electron rearrangement takes place第4部分：阅读理解(第345题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。第一篇 Valuing ChildhoodThe value of childhood is easily blurred(变得模糊不清)in todays worldConsider some recent developments：The childmurderers in the Jonesboro,Arkschoolyard shooting case were convicted and sentencedTwo boys，7 and 8,were charged in the murder of an 11-year-old girl in ChicagoChildren who commit horrible crimes appear to act of their own willYet，as legal proceedings in Jonesboro showed，the one boy who was able to address the court couldnt begin to explain his actsthough he tried to apologizeThere may have been a motive-youthful jealousy(妒忌)and resentmentBut a deeper question remains：Why did these boys and others in similar trouble apparently lack any inner,moral restraint?That question echoes for the accused in Chicagoyoung as they areThey wanted the girls bicycle,a selfish impulse common enough among kidsRedemption(拯救)is a practical necessityHow can value be restored to young lives distorted by acts of violence?The boys in Jonesboro and in Chicago will be confined in institutions for a relatively short timeDespite horror at what was done，children are not-cannot be-dealt with as adultsnot if a people wants to consider jtself civilizedThats why politicianscries for adult treatment of youthful criminals ultimately miss the pointBut the moral void(真空)that invites violence has many sourcesFamily instability contributes：So does economic stressThat voidhowever,can be filledThe work starts wifhparents，who have to ask themselves whether theyre doing enough to give their children a firm sense of right and wrongAre they really monitoring their activities and their developing processes of thought?Schoolstoo,have a role in building characterSo do youth organizationsSo do law enfomement agencies，which can do more to inform the young about laws，their meaning，andtheir observance(遵守)The goalultimately,is to allow all children a normal passage from childhood to adulthood (成年)，so that tragic gaps in moral judgement are less likely to occur. The relative few who fill such gaps with acts of violence hint at many others who dont go that far,but who 1ack the moral foundations childhood should provide-and which progressive human society relies on3l The two boys in Chicago wereA shotB murderedC accusedD sentenced32 The boys in Jonesboro and Chicago apparently lacked a sense ofA right and wrongB disciplineC shameD safety33 According to politicians，when children commit crimes，they should be treated in the same way asA murderers.B criminalsC victimsD adults34 Which of the following does the writer cite as a source of moral void?A Official corruptionB Social injusticeC Family instabilityD Racial discrimination35 Which of the statements is NOT true according to this passage?A Parents should strengthen moral instructionB Schools should help create a moral sense in childrenC Law enforcement agencies should do more to help children understand laws?D Youth organizations play no role in building character第二篇 HackingPeople tend to think of computers as isolated machines，working away all by themselves.Some do-personal computer without an outside link，like Someones hideaway(隐蔽的)cabin in the woodsBut just as most homes are tied to a community by streets，bus routes and electric linescomputers that exchange intelligence are part of a community-local，national and even global network joined by telephone connectionsThe computer network is a creation of the electric age，but it is based on old-fashioned trust. It cannot work without trustA rogue loose(为所欲为的无赖)in a computer system called hacker (黑客) is worse than a thief entering your houseHe could go through anyones electronic mail or add to，change，distort or delete anything in the information stored in the computers memoryHe could even take control of the entire system by placing his own instructions in the software that runs itHe could shut the computer down whenever he wished，and no one could stop himThen he could program the computer to erase any sign of his ever having been there.Hacking，our electronic-age term for computer break-in，is more and more in the news-brainy kids vandalizing university records，even pranking(胡闹)about in supposedlyline14safeguarded systemsTo those who understand how computer networks are increasingly regulating life in the late 20th century,these are not laughing mattersA potential for disaster isbuilding：A dissatisfied former insurance-company employee wipes out information trom payroll (工资表) filesA student sends out avirus，a secret and destructive command，over a national networkThe virus copies itself at lightning speed，jamming the entire network-thousands of academic，commercial and govemment computer systemsSuch disastrous cases have already occurredNow exists the possibility of terrorism by computerSpoiling a system responsible for airtraffic control at a busy airport，or knocking out the telephones of a major city,is a relatively easy way to spread panicYet neither business nor government has done enough to toughen its defenses against attackFor one thing，such defenses are expensive；for another,they may interrupt communication -the main reason for using computers in the first place.36 The writer mentionsa thiefin the second paragraphA to show that a hacker is more dangerous than a thief.B to tell people that thieves like to steal computers nowadaysC to demand that a protective computer system should be set up against thievesD to demonstrate that hackers and thieves are the same people37 The wordvandalizingin Line 14 meansA stealingB creatingC destroyingD updating38 According to the passagewhich of the following statements is NOT true?A Hacking is also known as computer break-inB Experts on computer networks consider hacking nothing seriousC Hacking is a widespread concernD Hacking is potentially disastrous39 Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as an instance of attack by a hacker?A Deleting information in the computers memoryB Shutting down the computer whenever he wishesC Entering your house to stealD Spoiling a system for air traffic40 One of the reasons why business or government has not taken tough measures to stop hacking is thatA it will cause fear among tile publicB hacking has not caused much damageC tough measures are illegalD communication may be interrupted第三篇 Space-Age ArcheologyIts a strange partnership，but a very effective one：Satellites and space-shuttle-carried radar are helping archeologists .How?By seeingthrough sand or through treetops to locate important archeological sitesThe traditional tools of archeologists are shovels and picksBut high technology is making the archeologists work and time far more productiveTake，for example，the second 1981 flight of the Space Shuttle ChallengerDuring that mission，a powerful，experimental radar was pointed at a lifeless stretch of desert in Egypt called the Selima Sand Sheet(pan of the Sahara Desert)To everyones surprise，the radar penetrated through the sand to the harder rock beneathOn the surfacethere is a 1ittle indication that Africas Sahara Desert was never anything but a desertWhen the archeologists studied the radar images，they saw what seemed to be impossible：there was sandburied landscape that was shaped by flowing water；traces of ancient riverbeds appeared to be over nine miles wide，far wider than most secti6ns of the presentday Nile RiverToday,the area is one of the hottestDriest desert in the worldArcheologists dug pits along the old river banks and found clues to the past：streamRounded pebbles(鹅卵石)，Stone-Age axes，broken ostrich(鸵鸟)eggshells，and the shells of land snailsThe archeologists were quite pleased with these findingsFor years，theyd been finding stone axes scattered through the desert，and couldnt understand whyNow we know that early humans were living on the banks of old rivers，and left their beautiful tools behindSome are so sharp that you could shave with themMore recently,Lmadsat 4，a special Earth-mapping satellite，aided in the discovery of ancient Mayan ruins in Mexico.Landsat canwith the help of false-color imagery,see throughmuch of the areaArmed with these maps，a five-person expedition took to the air in a helicopterBy the end of the second day,the team found a stretch of walled fields that expedition inembers said look likeold New England fencesThey just go on，nonstop，for 40 miles.Laterin the week，an ancient village was pinpointed，as was thelostcity of Oxpemul，once found in the early 1930s but quickly reclaimed by the jungleThe findings made them able to map the extent of the Mayan civil