Unit 1 Period Two.doc

Period TwoWord power & Grammar and usage学习目标话题词汇语法Laughter is good for youfitness，strengthen，participate，deepbreathing，positive，guarantee，foolishnessdrive away，be supposed to，occur to sb.，in charge of，be made up of，participate in动词不定式和动名词.单词1information(1)v.通知inform(2)告知某人某事inform_sb.of_sth.(3)告发，检举某人inform_against/on_sb.2successful(1)n.成功success(2)adv.成功地successfully(3)v.成功succeed(4)在成功succeed_in_doing.3possible(1)尽可能地as.as_possible(2)如果可能的话if_possible(3)adv.可能地possibly(4)n.可能性possibility4breathe(1)吸气breathe_in(2)呼气breathe_out(3)n.呼吸breath(4)屏住呼吸hold_ones_breath5disappointed(1)v.使失望disappoint(2)adj.令人失望的disappointing(3)n.失望disappointment(4)使某人失望的是to_ones_disappointment.短语1in charge(1)负责，掌管in_charge_of(2)由负责in_the_charge_of(3)免费free_of_charge(4)为某事向某人要钱charge_sb.some_money_for_sth.2be made up of(1)被制成be_made_into(2)由制成(能看出原料)be_made_of.(3)由制成(看不出原料)be_made_from.(4)由某人制造be_made_by3at one time(1)一次at_a_time(2)一直，始终all_the_time(3)决不at_no_time(4)暂时for_a_time(5)立刻，马上in_no_time4make sure(1)对有把握；确信be_sure_about/of(2)务必，一定be_sure_to.单词1fitness n健壮，健康；适合fit adj.适合的；健康的；vt.(使)适合；n.合身(的衣服)，适合2strengthen vt.&vi.增强；巩固strength n力量strong adj.强壮的，结实的strongly adv.强有力地3foolishness n愚蠢foolish adj.愚蠢的foolishly adv.愚蠢地.短语1drive_away驱赶2be_supposed_to应该3occur_to_sb.被想起，突然浮现于脑海4participate_in参加5be_worth_doing.值得做1The person in_charge is the director.对译：负责的那个人是导演。归纳拓展in charge(1)负责；掌管；由照顾；在拘留中(2)固定短语：free of charge免费in charge of负全责，经管；照顾in the charge of由负责；由照料；由掌管take charge of负责；看管take charge负责；掌管；接办；失去控制；出了毛病under the charge of在看管之下in charge of和in the charge of(1)in charge of意为“主管”，“掌管”，后接被看管的人或物。(2)in the charge of意为“在的看管或掌管之下”，后接看管或掌管这一行为的执行者。语境感悟(1)Whos in_charge around here?这儿谁负责？(2)He is the officer in_charge_of the investigation.他是负责这次调查的长官。(3)The boy is in_the_charge_of his uncle.那个男孩由他的叔叔照看。(4)Harry will_take_charge_of the department while Im away.我不在时由哈利负责部门的事务。2Plays are often made_up_of_ several acts.对译：戏剧由好几幕组成。归纳拓展(1)be made up of由组成(2)固定短语：be made (out) of由制成(能看出原料)be made from由制成(看不出原料)be made into被制成be made by被制成be made to do sth.被迫做某事be made for为了而制造语境感悟(1)The committee is_made_up_of representatives from every state.该委员会由来自每个州的代表组成。(2)We can make_glass_into different kinds of things.我们可以把玻璃制成各种东西。(3)In many parts of the world corn is_made_into powder.在世界上许多地方玉米被制成粉末。(4)The desks and chairs are_made_of wood.这些课桌和椅子都是木头制成的。(5)This kind of wine is_made_from rice.这种酒是由米制成的。3This means all the action occurs at one time，in one place.对译：这就是说所有的演出都是在同一个时间、同一个地点发生的。归纳拓展occur (1)vi.发生，出现(2)固定搭配：occur to想起(无被动语态)Sth.occurs to sb.某人想起某事It occurs to sb.that从句某人想起语境感悟(1)That plane crash occurred only minutes after takeoff.空难在起飞仅几分钟后就发生了。(2)A good idea has_occurred_to_me.我想到了一个好主意。(3)It suddenly occurred_to_me_that we can use a robot to do the job. 我突然想到我们可以用机器人来做这项工作。4As you laugh，the muscles participating in the laugh become active.对译：在你大笑的时候，参与大笑动作的一些肌肉会变得非常活跃。归纳拓展participate (1)vi.参加，参与(2)participate in (doing) sth.参与(做)某事participate in，take part in，join和attend(1)participate指在感情、观念或行为方面与他人共同参加某一活动。(2)take part in与participate in基本同义，均指参与某种活动并起作用，常可互换使用。(3)join作及物动词时，指加入某个组织或团体；作不及物动词时，可表示参加某项活动，后接介词in再加宾语。(4)attend一般用于指参加会议、出席典礼或招待会等，也可以指上学、听课、听演讲或讲座等。语境感悟(1)Several experts will_participate as technical advisers.几位专家将作为技术顾问参加。(2)We need some volunteers to_participate_in/to_take_part in this project.我们需要一些志愿者来参与这项工程。If you want to be an actor，there are certain things you will need to know before_you_can_be_in_a_play.对译：如果你想要成为一名演员，在你可以参与演出前你要知道某些东西。归纳拓展(1)before conj.在之前，常用来引导时间状语从句。(2)It will be一段时间before从句(一般现在时)表示“要过多久才”。(3)It was一段时间before从句(一般过去时)表示“过了多久才”。语境感悟(1)He had worked in England for 3 years before_he_came_to_China.他来中国前在英国工作了三年。(2)It_will_be_one_year_before you finish the task.再过一年你才能完成任务。(3)It_was_seven_days_before everything returned to normal.过了七天一切才恢复正常。.单词拼写1Acts are like chapters in a book and are made up of different scenes.2Dont let the mistake occur again.3Running marathons requires a high level of physical fitness.4We suggest that you strengthen the cartons with double straps.5He was the first singer I ever saw on the stage(舞台)6I like the two characters(人物) in the play very much.7You will be expected to be dressed in your costume(服装) before you go on stage.8They welcomed the opportunity to participate(参与) fully in the life of the village.用所给短语的适当形式填空in charge of，occur to，make.up，at one time，dress.in，make a list of，at least，laugh ones head off，smile on，be supposed to1Although we can not solve the problem of pollution individually，at_least，we each can do something helpful.2I was addicted to computer games at_one_time.3The train leaves at eight oclock，and you are_supposed_to arrive half an hour earlier.4Dressing herself in her favorite dress，the little girl was very excited.5I hope luck will smile_on me in the coming examinations.6Before going shopping，I will make_a_list_of the goods I need to buy.7It occurred_to me that he was trying to hold back something.8The quarrel was only about a trivial matter，but it was years before they made it up.9The comedians act made the audience laugh_their_head_off.10Mr.Zhang is said to be ill in hospital，who will be in_charge_of your class?.根据汉语提示完成句子1Laughter strengthens_the_heart_and_lungs(增强心脏和肺的功能)2Laughter helps produce positive(积极的) feelings and drive_away_negative(驱赶消极的) feelings.3Practising is the_only_way_to_guarantee(唯一的方式保证) a successful performance.4As you laugh，the muscles participating_in(参与) the laugh become active.5Tom is often the_first_one_to_arrive(第一个到达) at school.6The boy lives in a lonely village and has_no_friends_to_play_with(没有朋友一起玩)7Its_no_use_crying(哭是没有用的) over spilt milk.8People performing_on_stage(在舞台上表演) should be energetic.单项填空1Every minute should be made use of _ the foreign language so that youll get more used to the life in the country.Alearn BlearningCto learn Dlearned答案C解析这里用动词不定式短语作目的状语，故选C项。2Weve had a good start, but next, more work needs _ to achieve the final success.(2012湖南，21)Abeing done BdoCto be done Dto do答案C解析句意为：我们已经有一个好的开始，但是下一步更多的工作需要去做以取得最后的成功。need作实义动词后接动词作宾语有两种结构： need doing意为 “需要被做”，可以用 need to be done替换。3It looks as if they are going to _ us 3,000 dollars.Awant BbuyCdemand Dcharge答案D解析句意为：他们好像要向我们索要3 000美元的费用。charge意为“要价”，符合句意。4Why did you go to the wrong office?Well，I forgot which room I was _ to go to.Ademanded BhopedCsupposed Dsuggested答案C解析本题考查固定搭配。be supposed to do sth.应该做某事。5The opening ceremony of Beijing 2008 Olympics is a great success，which is believed _ the Chinese splendid civilization.Ahaving been displayedBto have displayedCto be displayedDdisplaying答案B解析这里用动词不定式的完成式表示一个已经完成的动作 。6Dont try to _ any excuse，Alan.Tell me why you didnt come to school today.Ashow up Bmake upCbring up Dkeep up答案B解析make up在这里意思是“编造”。show up出现；bring up抚养，呕吐；keep up保持，维持。7Dad is coming.What gift _ for your sister?Ayou expect he has gotByou expect has he gotCdo you expect he has gotDdo you expect has he got答案C解析expect在此意为“料想，认为”；do you expect在此疑问句中为插入语，该句的其他部分(一般是主谓结构)不倒装。8To make members of a team perform better，the trainer first of all has to know their_ and weaknesses.Astrengths BbenefitsCtechniques Dvalues答案A解析strength此处意为“长处，优势”，根据句意“为了使体育队的成员在比赛中取得更好的成绩，教练首先要了解队员的强项和薄弱的地方”可判断出选A。9As a young man he_ the students movements and later died for his homeland.Ajoined BattendedCparticipated in Dtook part答案C解析participate in参加(活动、运动等)。take part in，join in也可表示此意。attend指出席会议，参加婚礼等。10In spring people often get trees _ here and there.Aplant Bto plantCplanting Dplanted答案D解析在这里，树木只能是“被种植”，故用“get宾语过去分词”的形式。Grammar动词不定式和动名词观察体验用所给动词的适当形式填空1Go on to_do(do) the other exercise after you have finished this one.2How about two of us taking(take)a walk down the garden?3Little Tom should love to_be_taken(take) to the theatre this evening.4Paul doesnt have to be made to_learn(learn)He always works hard.5I was overjoyed at the news of my hometown having_made(make) so much progress.6We shall get Jim to_explain(explain) the passage.7Madame Curie is believed to_have_discovered (discover) the radium.8You can lead a horse to water，but you cant make it drink(drink)9She could do nothing but change(change) her name under the circumstances.10He came to the party without being_invited(invite)11Reading(read) aloud is very helpful.12The fire lasted a whole night，causing (cause) great damage.13That is the only way we can imagine to_reduce(reduce) the overuse of water in students bathrooms.14He was seen to_cross(cross) the road.15I have a lot of reading to_complete(complete) before the end of this term.自我归纳.不定式不定式的全称是“动词不定式”，是一种非限定动词，由“不定式符号to动词原形”构成。不定式具有动词的特征，同时也有名词、形容词和副词的特征，它本身可以带宾语和状语。动词不定式在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语，还可用在复合结构中。而且有完成式、进行式和否定形式。动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还有其完成式。不定式的特征和种类不定式的一般式：to_do不定式的进行式：to_be_doing不定式的完成式：to_have_done不定式的被动形式：to_be_done和to_have_been_done不定式的否定形式：not_to_do.动名词动名词由“动词ing”构成，具有动词的特征和名词的功能。由于动名词是由动词变化而来的，因此它仍保留着动词的某些特征，具有动词的某些变化形式，用以表达名词所不能表达的较为复杂的意念。动名词的名词特征表现在它可在句子中当名词来用，作主语、宾语、表语、定语。它也可以被副词修饰或者支配宾语。动名词的形式一般式：doing被动式：being_done完成式：having_done完成被动式：having_been_done否定式：not动名词语法精析.动词不定式动词不定式：具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。1不定式的形式：主动被动一般式to writeto be written进行式to be writing/完成式to have writtenTo have been written否定式：notto do(1)一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后。He wants to be an artist.他想做一名艺术家。(2)进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生。The boy pretended to be working hard.男孩儿假装正在努力学习。(3)完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。I happened to have seen the film.我碰巧已经看过这部电影。2不定式的句法功能：(1)作主语To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.十分钟之内完成这项工作是非常困难的。动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语。It means failure to lose heart.失去信心意味着失败。(2)作表语Her job is to clean the hall.她的工作是打扫大厅。(3)作宾语常跟不定式作宾语的动词有：want，hope，wish，offer，fail，plan，learn，pretend，refuse，manage，help，agree，promise，prefer等；如果作宾语的不定式后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语放在宾语补足语后面。Marx found it very important to study the situation in Russia.马克思发现研究俄国的形势是非常重要的。动词不定式也可充当介词宾语，但介词前有实义动词do/did时，可省略介词后面的to。I have no choice but to stay here.除了呆在这儿，我别无选择。He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.上周日他除了修了自行车什么也没做。动词不定式有时可与疑问词连用。He gave us some advice on how to learn English.关于怎么学习英语他给了我们一些建议。(4)作宾语补足语在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，常跟这种复合宾语的动词有：want，wish，ask，tell，order，beg，permit，help，advise，persuade，allow，prepare，cause，force，call on，wait for，invite等。介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用。With a lot of work to do，he didnt go to the cinema.有很多工作要做，他没有去电影院。有些动词如make，let，see，watch，hear，feel，have等与不带to的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to。I saw him cross the road.He was seen to cross the road.我看见他过了马路。(5)作定语动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰的名词有如下关系：动宾关系：I have a meeting to attend.我有一个会议要参加。注意A不定式中的动词为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词。He found a good house to live in.他发现了一所可以居住的好房子。B如果不定式修饰time，place，way，可以省略介词。He has no place to live.他没地方可住。C如果不定式所修饰的名词是不定式动作的承受者，不定式可用主动式，也可用被动式：Have you got anything to sent?Have you got anything to be sent?你有什么东西要发送吗？说明所修饰名词的内容：We have made a plan to finish the work.我制定了一个完成工作的计划。被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语：He is the first to get here.他是第一个到达这里的人。(6)作状语He worked day and night to get the money.为了挣钱，他日夜工作。注意A不定式位于句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致。To save money，every means has been tried.()To save money，he has tried every means.()为了省钱，他试了每一个方法。B不定式作结果状语时，常用only放在不定式前表示强调。I visited him only to find him out.我去拜访他，却只发现他出去了。C不定式作原因状语时不能放于句首，常用于某些形容词之后。The boy was glad to go with me.那个男孩儿很高兴和我一起去。.动名词动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。1动名词的形式：主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done否定式：not动名词(1)一般式：Seeing is believing.眼见为实。(2)被动式：He came to the party without being invited.他未被邀请就来到了晚会。(3)完成式：We remembered having seen the film.我们记得看过这部电影。(4)完成被动式：He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。(5)否定式：not动名词I regret not following his advice.我后悔没听他的劝告。(6)复合结构：物主代词(或名词所有格)动名词He suggested our trying it once again.他建议我们再试一次。His not knowing English troubled him a lot.他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。2动名词的句法功能：(1)作主语Reading aloud is very helpful.朗读是很有好处的。Collecting stamps is interesting.集邮很有趣。注意动名词短语作主语时，有时可用it作形式主语。Its no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的。(2)作表语In the ant city，the queens job is laying eggs.在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。(3)作宾语They havent finished building the dam.他们还没有建好大坝。We have to prevent the air from being polluted.我们必须阻止空气被污染。注意动名词短语作宾语时，有时可用it作形式宾语。We found it no good making fun of others.我们发现取笑他人不好。只跟动名词作宾语的动词及短语有：enjoy，finish，suggest，avoid，excuse，delay，imagine，consider，admit，deny，be busy，be worth，feel like，cant stand，keep.from，set about，succeed in，look forward to，object to，pay attention to，insist on等。(4)作定语He cant walk without a walking stick.他没有拐杖不能走路。注意动名词作定语时表示被修饰名词的特征。a reading room阅览室a dining hall餐厅a sleeping car卧车实践应用.用所给动词的适当形式填空1Remember to_post (post) the letter on your way to school.2To_tell (tell) the truth，I didnt enjoy such kind of party at all.3Dick persuaded his mother to_let (let) him join the army.4How long will it take you to_finish (finish) the composition?5The Browns managed to_send (send)their only son to a technical school.6He is fond of collecting (collect) stamps in his spare time.7She tried eating (eat) less to reduce weight.8The boy rose to answer the question without being_asked (ask)9Stop doing(do) the experiment that way！Its dangerous.10The doctors made the patient asleep by giving(give) him an injection.句型转换1I hope that I will be an astronaut some day.I hope to be an astronaut some day.2There is a necessity that I should know how to use a computer.It is necessary for me to know how to use a computer.3We havent decided when and where we should go out for a picnic.We havent decided when and where to_ go out for a picnic.4The person who is performing on the stage is a famous comedian.The person performing on the stage is a famous comedian.5The naughty boy made his young teacher cry yesterday.The young teacher was made to cry yesterda