语法一轮复习（四）：动词的时态和语态.doc

2013届高考英语备课组语法一轮复习（四）：动词的时态和语态 编制：成莉 审核：栾爱春高考考什么？1. 高考中动词的时态和语态命题，大部分试卷都有23道小题。试题的设问大多是在一定的语境中，所以要求考生必须在所设置的语境中根据所给信息进行选择。2时态的考查主要以一般体、进行体和完成体为主。32013年对于动词时态和语态的考查仍可能是高考的测试重点。试题将继续呈现“情景立意”和“能力立意”的原则，即在考查固定句式中的时态和语态的同时，注重在上下文中考查时态和语态，注重在语境中考查时态和语态。高频考点考点一：一般现在时和一般过去时1.一般现在时(1)表示经常性、习惯性的动作和现在的状态、特征。句中常用often, usually, every day等时间状语。 Every few years, the coal workers have their lungs Xrayed to ensure their health. 每隔几年，煤矿工人们都要对肺部进行X光检查，以确保身体健康。(2)表示客观事实、普遍真理或自然现象，无论在什么情况下都用一般现在时表示。 The geography teacher told us the earth travels around the sun. 地理老师告诉我们地球围绕太阳转。(3)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中， 用现在时代替将来时。 If you come this afternoon, well have a meeting. 如果下午你来，我们就开会。(4)表示按计划、时刻表规定要发生的动作，用一般现在时表将来，但限于少数动词。如begin, come, leave, go, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close等。 The flight takes off at 2：30 every Wednesday and Friday. 飞机每星期三、五2：30起飞。2一般过去时表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用(或上下文语境有 暗示)；用于表示过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到的事。 Excuse me. I didnt realize I was blocking your way. 对不起，我原来不知道挡你的路了。考点二： 完成时1.现在完成时(1)考生要善于通过已经给出的时间状语、固定句型以及上下文的暗示准确判断应该使用哪种时态。如果句中出现了“for/over一段时间”“since过去时间”或时态为一般过去时的从句等或句中出现了already, never, yet等副词，往往要用现在完成时。 When you are home, give a call to let me know you have arrived safely. 当你到家时，给我打个电话好让我知道你已经安全到达。 (2)下列情况下常用现在完成时。 It is (has been)一段时间since从句 This (That/It) is the first (second.) time that完成时 This(That / It)is the only + that + 完成时 This(that / It)is the best / finest / most interesting + that 从句 + 完成时在条件、时间、让步状语从句中，表示将来某时以前已完成的动作。 When shall we restart our business? 什么时候我们重新开始我们的事业？ Not until we have finished our plan. 直到我们已完成我们的计划。2过去完成时(1)过去完成时是一个相对的时态，考生做题时关键看该动作是否发生在题干中所给的过去的动作或过去的时间之前，如果是就用过去完成时，如果不是就用一般过去时。 Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they had received from China. 上个月，日本政府对从中国得到的援助表示感谢。(2) by, by the end, by the time, until, before, since后接表示过 去某一时间的短语或从句，主句用过去完成时。 By the end of last year, another new cinema had been built in our city. 到去年年末，我们城市又建了一座新电影院。(3) 表示“一就”的几个固定句型： Hardly/No sooner/Scarcely had主语过去分词when/than/before从句(一般过去时)。 Hardly (No sooner) had I got home when (than) the rain poured down. 我刚到家大雨就倾盆而下。注意：一些动词过去完成时的特别之意intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think等动词的过去完成时可用来表示过去未曾实现的设想、意图或希望等，含有某种惋惜之情。如： I had intended to call on you yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor. 我本来打算昨天去看你，但我有了一个不速之客。3将来完成时 将来完成时表示到将来某一时间，某一动作将会完成，常用的时间状语为“by将来的某个时间”。 By this time of next year, all of you will have become college students. 到明年的这个时候，你们大家就都成为大学生了。考点三： 进行时1. 现在进行时表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时的一个动作；表近期特定的安排或计划；go, come等表示起止动作的动词可用进行时代替将来时；与always, often等频度副词连用，表示某种感情色彩。 Ill go to the library as soon as I finish what I am doing. 我一做完手头上的活就去图书馆。 The girl is always talking loud in public.这小女孩总是在公众场合下大声谈话。2过去进行时(1)过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某动作在某一阶段内发生或频繁发生。 I was out of town at the time, so I dont know exactly how it was happening. 那时我不在镇上，因此我不知道那时候究竟发生了什么事情。 (2)某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，其中一个在由 when或while引导的时间状语从句中。持续性动作用过去进行时，短暂性动作用一般过去时。 When she was reading the newspaper, Granny fell asleep. 奶奶读着报就睡着了。3现在完成进行时 (1)表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且现在还在进行。 Tom has been working in the library every night over the last three months. 在过去的三个月里，汤姆一直每晚都在图书馆工作。 (2)表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，在说话时刚刚结束。 Where have you been? We have been looking for you everywhere. 你刚才去了哪里？我们一直在到处找你。4将来进行时将来进行时可用于表示将来某个时刻正在发生的动作或者将来某一段时间内正在进行的动作。将来进行时常与一些标志性的时间状语连用。这些常见的标志性状语有：at this time tomorrow/the day after tomorrow, from 1：30 to 4：30 tomorrow/the day after tomorrow。 Daniels family will be enjoying their holiday in Huangshan this time next week. Daniel 的一家人下星期这个时候将在黄山度假。友情提醒：注意几组时态的区别：一般过去时与现在完成时：时间上有差异：凡有过去时间的均用过去时态，不能用完成时态，如含有ago、last year、just now、the other day等。结果上有差异：现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续；一般过去时强调的是动作发生在“过去”，和现在毫无关系。过去完成时与一般过去时：过去完成时强调的是“过去的过去”；如出现同一主语连续几个动作（“连谓”）形式则只用一般过去时即可。考点四： 主动语态和被动语态被动语态的构成方式：be + 过去分词，口语只也有用get / become + 过去分词表示。做有关被动语态的题目可以分两步走：第一步确定正确的时态，第二步确定正确的语态。判断用主动语态还是用被动语态的根据是看主语与谓语动词之间的关系：如果是主谓关系则用主动语态，如果是动宾关系则用被动语态。1get过去分词表被动 They got married last week. 他们上周结婚了。2主动形式表被动意义 (1)系动词和感官动词look, feel, sound, smell, taste, seem, appear, go, prove, turn等形容词/名词。 His plan proved (to be) practical. 他的计划被证明符合实际。 (2)表示主语的某种属性的词：read, write, sell, wash, clean, wear, open, start, shut 等，其主语往往是物。 What about the books? 这些书怎么样？ Books of this kind sell well. 这种书很畅销。（3）want, require, need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。（4）be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。（5）在“be + 形容词 + to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。This kind of water isnt fit to drink.The girl isnt easy to get along with.另外：be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。3. 被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况。 be seated坐着 be hidden躲藏 be lost迷路 be drunk喝醉 be dressed穿着4.被动语态与系表结构的区别 被动语态强调动作；系表结构表主语的特点或状态。如： The book was sold by a certain bookstore.(被动语态) The book is well sold.(系表结构)2不能用被动语态的几种情况。所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。表示状态的谓语动词，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、look like、consist to等。表示归属的动词，如have、own、belong to等。表示“希望、意图”的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。有些动词以其主动形式表示被动意义，特别是当主语是物时，常见的动词有sell、 write、wash、open、lock等。Activity Two： 实战演练（1） 高考经典1. (2011全国卷I) 23. Planning so far ahead _ no senseso many things will have changed by next year. A. made B. is making C. makes D. has made2. (2011全国卷I) 24. I wasnt sure if he was really interested or if he _ polite. A. was just being B. will just be C. had just been D. would just be3. (2011全国卷I) 29. When Alice came to, she did not know how long she _ there. A. had been lying B. has been lying C. was lying D. has lain4. (2011北京卷)21. Experiments of this kind _ in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War. A. have conductedB. have been conducted C. had conducted D. had been conducted5. (2011北京卷)23. Tom _ in the library every night over the last three months. A. worksB. workedC. has been working D. had been working6. (2011北京卷)32. Bob has gone to California. Oh, can you tell me when he _? A. has leftB. leftC. is leavingD. would leaving7 (2011北京卷)27. That must have been a long trip. Yeah, it _ us a whole week to get there. A. takesB. has taken C. tookD. was taking8. (2011上海卷) 31. After getting lost in a storm, a member of the navy team _ four days later. A. rescued B. was rescued C. has rescuedD. had been rescued9. (2011上海卷) 34. Did you predict that many students _ up for the dance competition?A. would signB. signedC. have signed D. had signed10. (2011山东卷)31.When I got on the bus, I _ I had left my wallet at home.A. was realizing B. realized C. have realized D. would realize11. (2011山东卷)35. She was surprised to find the fridge empty; the child _ everything!A. had been eating B. had eaten C. have eaten D. have been eating12. (2011江西卷)30. We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody _ into the office during the night. A. brokeB. had brokenC. has broken D. was breaking13. (2011江苏卷)21. I hear you _ in a pub. Whats it like? Well, its very hard work and Im always tired, but I dont mind. A. are working B. will work C. were working D. will be working14. (2011江苏卷)22. The fact that so many people still smoke in public places _ that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking. A. suggest B. suggests C. suggested D. suggesting 15. (2011江苏卷)23. Tommy is planning to buy a car. I know. By next month, he _enough for a used one.A. saves B. saved C. will save D. will have saved16. (2011安徽卷)32. I didnt ask for the name list. Why _on my desk? I put it there just now in case you needed it. A. does it land B. has it landed C. will it land D. had it landed 17. (2011浙江卷)15. The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant _ in his place but, luckily, everything was going on smoothly. A. gave B. gives C. was giving D. had given 18. (2011福建卷)32.Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they_ From China.A. receive B. are receiving C. have received D. had received19. (2011四川卷)9. All visitors to this village_ with kindness. A. treat B. are treated C. are treating D. had been treated20. (2011四川卷)19. What a mistake! Yes. I_ his doing it another way, but without success. A. was suggesting B. will suggest C. would suggest D. had suggested21(2011辽宁卷)28. Ill go to the library as soon as I finish what I _. A. was doing B. am doing C. have done D. had been doing22. (2011辽宁卷)34. By the time Jack returned home from England, his son_ from college. A. graduated B. has graduated C. had been D. had graduated23. (2011天津卷)3.In the last few years thousands of films _ allover the word. A. have produced B. have been produced C. are producing D. are being produced24. (2011天津卷)4.On the next birthday. Ann _married for twenty years. A. is B. has been C. will be D. will have been25. (2011陕西卷)12.His first novel _ good reviews since it came out last month. A. receives B. is receiving C. will receive D. has received26. (2011重庆卷)21. That price of music sounds quite familiar. Who _the piano upstairs?A. has played B. played C. plays D. is playing27. (2011重庆卷)31.Look at the pride on Toms face. He_ to have been praised by the manager just now. A. seemed B. seems C. had seemed D. is seeming28. (2011湖南卷)22. John, what _in your hand? Look, Its a birthday gift for my grandma. A. had you held B. are you holding C. do you hold D. will you hold29. (2011湖南卷)27. In 1942, Columbus_ on one of the Bahama Islands, but he mistook it for an island off India. A. lands B. landed C. has landed D.had landed 30. (2011湖南卷)30. It is the most instructive lecture that I _since I came to this school. A .attended B. had attended C. am attending D. have attended 31(2011湖南卷)34 In the near future, more advances in the robot technology _ by scientists. A. are making B. are made C. will make D. will be made（2） 新题速递 1-Look! Somebody the sofa. -Well, it wasnt me. I didnt do it. 【2012江西卷26】Ais cleaningBwas cleaningChas cleanedDhad cleaned2. - I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me? - sorry ,I _the piano for years.【2012湖南卷33】 A dont play B wasnt playing C havent played D hadnt played 3. The moment _soon,he thought to himself,waiting nervously.【2012湖南卷27】 A came B has come C was coming D is coming4. Close the door of fear behind you, and you_the door of faith open before you.【2012湖南卷25】 A saw B have seen C will see D are seeing 5. Dont worry.The hard word that you do now_later in life.【2012湖南卷22】 A will be repaid B was being repaid C has been repaid D was repaid6. Food supplies in the flood-stricken area _.We must act immediately before theres left.【2012重庆卷27】 A. have run out B. are running out C. have been run out D. are being run out7 .-kevin,you look worried. Anything wrong? -Well, I_ a test and Im waiting for the result.【2012重庆卷22】 A. will take B. took C. had taken D. take8. Mum, I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I _on Friday. 【2012辽宁卷35】 A. get paid B. got paid C. have paid D. had been paid9. Jack is a great talker. Its high time that he something instead of just talking. 【2012辽宁卷33】 A. will do B. has done C. do D. did 10. I feel so excited!At this time tomorrow morning I_ to Shanghai. 【2012辽宁卷】 A will be flying B will fly C have been flying D have flown 11. -Did you catch what Isaid? -Sorry. I_ a text message just now.【2012四川卷9】 A had answered B have answered C would answer D was answering 12. They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house _.【2012四川卷11】 A. is being rebuilt B. has been rebuilt C. is rebuilt D. has rebuilt13 .Can I call you back at two oclock this afternoon? Im sorry, but by then I_ to Beijing. How about five?【2012陕西卷24】A. fly B. will fly C. will be flying D. am flying 14. By the time you have finished this book, your meal _cold.【2012北京卷22】A. gets B. has got C. will get D.is getting15. George said tthat he would come to school to see me the next day, but he _.【2012北京卷25】A wouldnt B didnt C hasnt D hadnt16. - Have you heard about that fire in the market? -Yes,fortunately no one_.【2012北京卷】29 A hurt B was hurt C has hurt D had been hurt17. Our friendship_quickly over the weeks that followed.【2012北京卷30】 A had developed B was developing C would develop D developed18. The manager _ the workers how to improve the program since 9 am. 【2012全国II18】 A. has told B. is telling C. has been telling D. will have told19 . -Did you ask Sophia for help? -I _need to I managed perfectly well on my own.【2012全国II】14 A. wouldnt B. dont C. didnt D. wont20. The three of us_around Europe for about a month last summer.【2012天津卷12】 A. travelled B. have travelled C. had travelled D. travel21.The letters for the boss_ on his desk but he didnt read them until three later.【2012天津卷2】 A were put B. was put C. Put D. has put22. I had been working on math for the whole afternoon and the numbers before my eyes.【2012全国新课程33】 A. swim B. Swum C. swam D. had swum23. Life is like walking in the snow, Granny used to say, because every step ”【2012全国新课程23】 A. has shown B. is showing C. shows D. showed24. The manager was concerned to hear that two of his trusted workers _. 【2012山东卷34】 A. will leaveB. are leaving C. have left D. were leaving