初二上m.docx

Unit 11. animals in danger濒危动物in danger 处于危险中2. learn about了解3. at last最后；终于4. need to do sth. 需要干某事5. be surprised to do sth.=be surprised at doing sth吃惊地/惊讶地做某事6. the surprising thing令人惊奇的事情7. have no place to live in没有地方住8. think about考虑；思考；想起；回忆10. on earth到底，究竟11.Its interesting to do干某事是有趣的12. help the animals live in peace. 帮助动物和平地生存13.make sb mad使得某人发狂14.give them somewhere safe to live 给他们某个安全的地方居住15. Its hard to stop killing停止捕杀很难16. find out发现，查明，识破Unit 21. one of the animals most in danger最濒危的动物之一2. have less and less land to live on有越来越少的土地居住3. pandas living in nature reserves 住在自然保护区里的熊猫4. live in the forests住在森林里5. live on以为食；靠过活；继续；活着live on bamboo以竹子为生6. make a plan to do sth制定计划做某事7. think of other animals in danger想起处于危险中的别的动物8.have enough places to live in有足够的地方居住9.have enough food to eat有足够的食物吃10. one of the best-known animals最知名的动物之一11. the symbol for / of .的标志/象征Unit 31. Its really nice of you to do你真是太好了干某事2. keep the Earth clean保持地球的干净3. cut down the forests砍伐森林4. only a few trees仅仅几棵树only a few仅仅少数, 一点点quite a few/not a few相当多的5. provide sth for sb / provide sb with sth 提供给某人某物6. stop sb（from）doing sth 阻止某人做某事【词语用法】1. as well as，as well区别：as well as“和一样好”， “还有”、“不但而且”。例如：He speaks Spanish as well as English他说西班牙语像说英语一样好。She as well as you is an English teacher她像你一样也是英文教师。He gave me clothes as well as food. 他既给我食物，又给我衣服。as well常用于肯定句句尾，表示“还，也”等意思。 例如：He knows French,and he knows English as well. 他懂法语，他也懂英语。2. 单词用法：pollutev.污染 polluted adj. 污染了的（polluted water污染的水）pollution n.污染3.单词用法：difficult adj. 难的，困难的 difficulty n.困难短语：have somedifficulty/trouble /problems (in)doing在有困难注意句型：I found it difficult to solve the problem. = I found it was difficult to solve the problem?4. need 的用法:.作实义动词，意为“需要”。当主语是人时，用need to do sth.; 当主语是物时，用need doing sth.或者need to be done 例如：we need to learn English quickly.我们需要快速学英语。The trees need watering/to be watered.这些树需要浇水了。.need 作情态动词时，用于疑问句或否定句中。后面接动词原形。意为“需要；必须”Need we sweep the floor now? Yes,you must. (No,you needn/dont have to .)4. find，find out和look for区别:find，find out和look for都含有“寻找、找到”的意思，但其含义和用法却不同。 find意为“找到、发现”，通常指找到或发现具体的东西，也可指偶然发现某物或某种情况，强调的是找的结果。例如：Will you find me a pen? 你替我找支钢笔好吗？He didnt find his bike. 他没找到他的自行车。 look for意为“寻找”，是有目的地找，强调“寻找”这一动作。例如：I dont find my pen，Im looking for it everywhere. 我没有找到我的钢笔，我正到处找。He is looking for his shoes. 他在找他的鞋子。 find out意为“找出、发现、查明”，多指通过调查、寻问、打听、研究之后“搞清楚、弄明白”，通常含有“经过困难曲折”的含义，指找出较难找到的、无形的、抽象的东西。例如：Please find out when the train leaves. 请查一下火车什么时候离站。Read this passage，and find out the answer to this question【重点句型】1. Which animals are they talking aobut? 他们在谈论什么动物？2. The panda is the most important animal to protect. 熊猫是最重要的动物，需要保护。3. There are about 1,000 pandas living in nature reserves today. 今天在自然保护区就有1000多头大熊猫。4. Why do you think there is still a long way to go to help the pandas? 为什么你认为保护大熊猫仍然要费一些周折？5. It was interesting to learn about the Wolong Panda Reserve.对学习卧龙熊猫保护区的知识很感兴趣。6. I went to the post office to buy a stamp. 我去邮局买一张邮票。7. Im happy to see you again.非常高兴又看到你。8.They mainly live on bamboo, and each panda needs to eat a lot of bamboo every day.它们以竹子为主食，每只熊猫每天需要吃很多竹子。9.The government has made a new plan to help pandas. 政府已制定了一项新的计划帮助熊猫。10. Then the pandas will have enough food to eat and enough places to live in.到那时，熊猫将会有足够的食物吃和足够的地方居住。11. It was interesting to learn about the Wolong Panda Reserve.了解关于卧龙熊猫保护区的知识很有趣。12. The surprising thing was to hear how many animals are in danger.最令人吃惊的事情是听到有多少动物处于危险之中。13. Lets find out what we can do to save them.让我们查查我们能做些什么来挽救他们。14. We need to help the animals live in peace.我们需要帮助和平相处的动物们。【语法讲解】初中英语动词不定式用法解读：动词不定式既有动词的性质，又有名词的性质。它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语。动词不定式在句子中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语、同位语等。它有两种形式：带to的不定式;不带to的不定式。动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not,即not to do sth.。例如:Jim told me not to wake up Kate.吉姆告诉我别叫醒凯特。一、动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语。如：It always pays to tell the truth. 说实话总是不吃亏的。It took me half an hour to work out the problem. 我花了半个小时才做出这道题。二、动词不定式作宾语时，其逻辑主语即为全句的主语。如：The boy wants to ask his father a question about the moon. 这个男孩想问他爸爸一个关于月亮的问题。注意：.我们学过的能直接跟带to的不定式结构的动词主要有:want, ask, tell, hope, wish, manage, learn, try, promise, pretend, refuse, plan,decide, offer, forget, remember, like ,love, stop, expect, agree,等。 .若干结构可以接作宾语不带to不定式。例如: You had better have a look at this picture. I would rather not wait. You had better go home now.常用的结构有:would rather, rather than, had better, would you please 注意：他们的否定形式为：had better not do sth，would rather not do sth，would you please not do sth？.help后接带to或不带to的不定式都可以，即help do sth 或help to do sth“有助于做某事”例如：This program helps to improve our English.这个计划有助于我们提高英语成绩。His speech helps to understand the policy. 他的演讲有助于理解这个政策。三、动词不定式用作宾补，通常情况下，宾语与用作宾补的不定式构成复合宾语，二者在逻辑上是主谓关系。.接带to的不定式作宾补的常见动词有：ask, tell, want, would like, wish, teach，consider, find, think等。如：I know this to be a fact. 我知道这是事实。注意：当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，则须将真实宾语不定式,放在它的补语之后，而将形式宾语it放在宾语补足语之前。如：She found it difficult to answer the question. 她发现回答这个问题很困难。I find it useful to learn English well.我发现学好英语很有用。We thought it wrong not to tell her.我们认为不告诉她是错误的。.接不带to的不定式作宾补，见口诀：“两听”、“五看”、“一感觉”，使役动词有三个。help, find之后可带可不带，它们可以排在外。(两听，即hear, listen to; 五看，即see, watch, notice, observe, look at; 一感觉，即feel；使役动词有三个，即make, let, have。)如：I heard him sing. 我听见他唱歌了。Let him do it. 让他做吧。注意：感官动词与使役动词转换为被动结构时，其后的不定式须还原to。如：My father saw him come in. He was seen to come in by my father. 我爸爸看见他进来了。.作动词help的宾语补足语时,动词不定式符号to可以带,也可以不带。例如:Could you help me (to) carry the heavy box。你能帮我搬这个重箱子吗。四、动词不定式用作状语，可表示目的、结果、原因等，其逻辑主语通常是全句的主语。如：I stayed there to see what would happen. 我留在那儿看看会发生什么事儿。(目的状语)What have I done to offend you？我干什么惹你生气的事了？(结果状语)Im glad to see you here.很高兴在这儿见到你。(原因状语)五、动词不定式作定语：作定语是动词不定式的一个重要功能,它常常位于被修饰的名词或代词之后，与被修饰的词之间存在着以下几种逻辑上的关系：1. 主谓关系。被修饰的成分是不定式中动作的执行者，即被修饰的成分是不定式逻辑上的主语。构成这种关系的动词可以是及物的， 也可以是不及物的。 如：I have no friends to help me. = I have no friends who will help me. 没有朋友帮助我。There is a nurse to look after him. = There is a nurse who looks after him. 有一位护士照料他。2. 动宾关系。被修饰的成分是不定式中动作的承受者，即不定式与被修饰的成分之间存在着逻辑上的动宾关系。构成这种关系的动词必须是及物动词或相当于及物动词的词组。如：Im thirsty. Please give me something to drink. 我渴了， 给我点儿喝的(东西)。Give her a chair to sit on. 给她一把椅子坐。六、带疑问词的不定式用法：动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词 what,which, who., 疑问副词 how, when, where, why.，以及表示疑问意思的连词 whether等，构成带疑问词的不定式短语。这种结构起名词作用， 在句子中多用作宾语、主语、表语等。单独使用时相当于一个疑问句。要注意的是why not后面的不定式不带to 。1. 用作宾语。带疑问词不定式短语作宾语的动词主要有decide, explain, forget, know, learn, show, teach, tell以及介词on等。带疑问词不定式短语的句子中，其逻辑主语是句子的主语或宾语。如：Their views on how to teach students are different. 他们有关如何教育学生的观点不同。Mary cant decide whether to go or stay at home. 玛丽难以决定是去还是留在家里。2. 用作主语。带疑问词的不定式短语作主语时，谓语用单数。不定式的逻辑主语是说话人或大家。如：How to learn English is very important. 怎样学英语很重要。When to go there is not known yet. 什么时候去那里还不知道。3. 用作表语。带疑问词的不定式短语作表语， 常用说明主语的具体内容。如：The question is when to start. 问题是什么时候开始。What I want to know is who to blame. 我想知道的是该责备谁。4. 单独使用。 带疑问词的不定式短语单独使用时， 其逻辑主语也是说话人或大家。如：What to do next? ( = What should we / they do next?)下一步该做什么？Why not buy some English tapes?( = Why dont we / you buy some English tapes? )为什么不买些英语磁带呢？ 七、动词不定式的复合结构:动词不定式的复合结构大体上分为两种形式。一是由介词for引导一个代词宾格或名词,后面接上一个动词不定式或动词不定式短语;二是由介词of引导一个代词宾格或名词,后面再接上一个动词不定形或动词不定式短语。即：“Its + adj. +of/for sb. + to do sth”这一句型结构是动词不定式作主语的结构。在现代英语中，为了保持句子的平稳性，突出句子的主干部分，通常借助于it作形式主语，而将真正的主语（动词不定式）放在句子的后面。不定式的复合结构是“for / of sb. to do sth.”，for /of引出不定式动作的逻辑主语。这种结构在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。不定式复合结构的介词用for还是of，主要决定于前面形容词的性质。一般说来，of前面的形容词是careful,clever, foolish, good, kind, nice, wise等，一般为有关人品方面的词。例如：Its very kind of you to say so. for前面的形容词是dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, heavy, important,interesting, necessary等，一般是描述事物牲征方面的词。例如：Its important for the people to fight against pollutiton.(Module 9) I词组归纳 （20） 1.保持我们的教室干净_2.把我们的弄干净_3.为某人提供某物_4.由于许多不同的原因 5. 主要以竹子为食_6. 阻止某人做某事_7.深入研究某事8.出生在动物园里的熊猫 9. 决定做某10.做某事还有很长一段路要走11.确定 12在野外13例如 14.立即_ 15.研究中心_ 16.做计划 _17.在世界上18.越来越少_19.砍倒_20和平 _ II句型归纳(25) 1. Its nice _ you _. A.of,inviting me B.of,invite me C.of, to invite me D.for, to invite me 2.We must keep the water _. A.to clean B.clean C.cleaning D.cleans I found this work _ to finish. A.easy B.was easy C.is easy D.to be easy The water isnt good to drink.because weve made it _(脏的) 3. We are sad _(think) about all those animals in danger. Tom was surprised _(meet) his good frined,Jack in tnis strange city. I am happy _(hear) that he won the first place in the painting match. They were excited _(see) so many presents John is ready _(help) others,so we all like him. 4 This room is comfortable _(live) in These apples are not good _(eat) Tom is easy _(get) on with. 5. Its important _(build)a nature reserve. Its nice _(see)the sun in the Decemmber Its a good idea _(bring) your camera. 6. There are some people _(talk) outside the room. 树上有几只鸟儿在唱歌。There are a few birds _ _ _ _. There are more than 30 nature reserves _(保护) pandas. There are many children _ (play)in the garden on Childrens Day. III.单项选择(25) 1. No one knows the _ of the matter. A.reason B.cause C.season D.example 2.We are _animalslands and forests. A.taking out B.taking away C.taking back D.taking off 3.We can protect animals in danger if we give them _to live A.safe somewhere B.a safe place C.somewhere safe D.a safe somewhere 4.The pandas have less and less land to _. A.live B.live in C.live on D.lives 5.There is a piece of paper for you _. A.to write B.writing C.to write on D.write with 6.Our resturant _delicious food _ us every day A.provides,for B.provides,with C.provided,to D.provides,by 7.Can you _her name? A.think over B.think about C.think hard D.think of 8.The baby panda isnt _ to get _. A.strong enough,enough food B.enough strong ,enough food C.strong enough ,food enough D.enough strong, food enough 9.This kind of bike looks _ and sells _. A.nice,well B.well,well C.good,good D.well,nice 10.Mr Zhang let him _Anns homework. A.not to copy B.not copy C.not copying D.not to copy 11.He ran too fast for _to catch up with. A.everybody B.somebody C.nobody D.anybody 12.The Reads _TV when the telephone _. A.watching,was ringing B.were watching, rang C.watched,rings D.are watching,rang 13.Its very kind _you, I know its very hard _ you to do it. A.of,for B.for,of C.for,for D.of,of 14.It takes us a lot of time _ the dirty house. A.clean B.cleaned C.cleaning D.to clean 15.Be quick! There is little time _,is there? A.leave B.to leaves C.leaving D.left 16.Dad made a kite _me happy. A.to make B.make C.making D.to making 17.Well try _ swimming in the river. A.not to go B.not go C.not going D.not to going 18.To our _,he got a _ result(成绩) Asurprise,surprising B. surprise ,surprise