中考英语复习讲义第12章动词的语气.doc

中考英语复习讲义第12章动词的语气语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对说话内容的特法和态度。英语中动词的语气分为:陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。对于语气的考查，主耍集中在祈使语气和虚拟语气上，多以单项选择或完成句子的形式设题。在学习过程中，要牢记祈使语气的形式，掌握不同从句中虚拟语气的用法。内容导视知识点1 语气的分类知识点2虚拟语气知识详单知识点1 语气的分类分类说明例句陈述语气表示说话人认为他说的话是事实They went to visit the Great Wall yesterday.他们昨天去参观长城了。祈使语气表示说话人提出请求、命令、劝告、警告、号召等Dont leave todays work for tomorrow.不要把今天的工作放到明天。虚拟语气表示说话人认为他所说的话是和事实相反的主观设想或主观愿望If I were you, I would study hard.如果我是你，我就会好好学习。情况从句结构主语结构例句 与现在事实相反的情况if+主语+动词过去式(be动词用were)+其他主语+should/would/could/might+动词原形+其他If the weather were fine, they would go for a swim.如果天气好，他们就去游泳了。(事实是天气不好)If we had time now, we should/would read it again.要是现在我们有空，我们就把它再看一遍。(事实是我们现在没空)与过去事实相反的情况If+主语had+过去分词+其他主语+should/would/could/might+have+过去分词+其他If I had taken his advice, I would not have made such a mistake.如果我听了他的忠告，就不会犯这样的错误了。(事实上当初我没有听他的忠告)I should not have laughed if I had thought you were serious.如果我想到你是认真的，我就不会笑了。(事实上是我笑了)与将来事实相反的情况词峨他动姗其if+主语+过去式+其他+注+主语R+动词原形伽if+主语+.6dd+动词原形+其他主讲+should/would/could/might+动词原形+其他If I had time tomorrow，I would certainly go for an outgoing with you如果我明天有时间，我一定会和你去郊游。If you were to quarrel with him，I should feel very sorry.如果你和他吵架,我会觉得很遗憾。【知识拓展】1.混合虚拟语气:有时从句和主句分别表示发生在不同时间的动作或状态，这时，主句和从句的谓语动词应根据情况分别使用各自的结构。例如:If he had followed the doctors advice，he would be quite all right now.他当时若是听从医生的话，现在就会痊愈了。(从句说明过去，主句说明现在)If you were to master English，you should have worked hard. 如果你要掌握英语，你本来应该下苦功的。(从句说明将来，主句说明过去)2.在if虚拟条件句中，如果从句中含有should, had或were可以省去if，把should, had或were移到主语之前，构成倒装结构。例如:Should it happen(=If it should happen)，what would you do?如果真发生这样的事，你怎么办呢?Were I you(= If I were you)，I would go.如果我是你，我就去。Had he recognized me(=If he【易错警示】if only与only if.二的区别: （1）if only作“只要”讲，引出真实条件句，谓语动词用陈述语气;if only作“如果就好了，要是就好了” 讲，引出虚拟条件句，用来表示强烈的愿望或遗憾，谓语动词用虚拟语气，通常省略主句。例如:If only you work hard，youll learn English well. 只要你努力学习，你就能学好英语。If only I were you!要是我是你就好了!（2） only if表示“只有在情况下才能，只有在条件下才能”，谓语动词用陈述语气;only if从句如果放在主句前，则主句用倒装语序。例如:I wake up only if the alarm clock rings.只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。Only if my teacher helps me can I succeed.只有在老师的帮助下我才能成功。2.虚拟语气在宾语从句的用法说明例句有些动词后接宾语从句时，从句应使用虚拟语气结构，即“( should)+动词原形”Tom ordered that all the people(should)go to the front.汤姆命令所有人上前线。We suggest that the meeting (should) be put off.我们建议推迟会议。We insisted that he(should) be taken to hospital as soonas possible.我们坚决要求尽快把他送到医院。动词wish后接宾语从句时，从句应使用虚拟语气结构。表示现在情况时，从句使用动词过去式;将来情况，从句使用would/could/might+动词原形”;过去情况，从句使用“had+过去分词”或“would/could+ have+过去分词”I wish I were as strong as you.我希望我和你一样强壮。I wish I could have gone to the movies with you last night.我真希望昨天晚上能和你去看电影。I wish you would go with us tomorrow.我希望你明天能和我一起去。would rather之后接宾语从句时，表示现在和将来情况时，从句使用动词的过去式;表示过去情况，从句使用 had+过去分词”。Id rather you came tomorrow.我倒是希望你明天来。Id rather I hadnt done that.我真希望没做那事。【易错替示】1. suggest作“表明、暗示”讲时.从句不用皮拟语气。例如:Mr. Smiths oral English suggests that he is from Canada.史密斯先生的口语表明他来自加拿大。2. insist作坚持认为、坚持说”讲时，后面跟一种事实或客观情况.从旬不用虚拟语气。例如:He insisted that he had seen the film.他坚持认为他看过这个电影。3.在“I am surprised /sorry+ that从句”和“ I regret + that从句”中，从句谓语动词要用should，其中，should不可省略，意思是“竟然”。表示说话人的惊讶、懊悔、失望等情感，需用虚拟语气。例如:I am surprised that he should have been so rude to you.我很惊讶他竟然对你这么粗鲁。说明例句在“It is+ adj/n.+ that从句”中，that从句常常用“( should )+动词原形”It is necessary that those machines(should) be examined.那些机器检查一下是必要的。【知识拓展】常见的形容词或名词有:strange陌生的，surprising惊奇的，amazing惊讶的，wrong错的，important重要的，necessary必须的，natural自然的，possible可能的，probable或许，urgent急切的，better更好的，funny，可笑的，eager热切的，anxious急切的，pity遗憾，shame羞愧的事情，wonder奇迹等在It is+过去分词+that从句”中，that从句须用“(should)+动词原形”It is suggested that Tom(should)take over the work at once.建议汤姆马上接管这项工作。【知识拓展】常见的过去分词有:insist坚持要求;prefer宁愿;urge力劝，督促;intend要求;arrange安排，布置; order命令，4.虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中的用法从句说明例句表语从句,Proposal(提议，需求)，,request(请求，需要), requirement (要求，需求)， suggestion (建议)等名词时，表语从句应使用虚拟语气形式，即“( should)+动词原形”结构His requirement was that the floor(should)be kept clean.他的要求是地板保持干净。His suggestion is that your homework(should) be finished in time every day.他的建议是你的作业每天及时完成。同位语从句当advice, demand, order, proposal, request，requirement, suggestion等表示“建议，要求，命令”的名词后接同位语从句时，从句使用虚拟语气，即“(should)+动词原形”结构The officer gave the order that all the soldiers(should) get ready at once.军官命令所有的战士马上做好准备。The advice came from his teacher that he (should) read as many books as possible.建议是来自他的老师，他应该读尽可能多的书。:从句说明例句方式状语从句as if/though(好像)引导方式状语从句时，从句常用虚拟语气形式，与现在事实相反时，从句用动词过去式(be动词使用were )，与过去事实相反时，从句用“had+过去分词”。(as if/though引导表语从句时，用法与此相同)They talk very loudly as if nobody were around.他们说话声音很大，好像周围没人似的。He speaks as if he had been in England for years.他说话就好像他在英国待了很多年。【易错普示】as if/though在引导从句时，如果从句所说的内容可能性很大，则需要使用陈述语气，即从句谓语动词应使用适当的动词时态。例如:It looks as if it is going to rain.仿佛天要下雨。(可能性大，表示马上就要下雨)条件状语从句 if only (是就好了)后接从句时(从句 往往独立使用，省略主句)，从句常使使用虚拟语气结构。其虚拟语气的结构与wish的结构相同If only he had had more courage!他再勇敢一些就好了!If only she didnt drive so fast.但愿她车没开得那么快。If only Tom would go with me!汤姆要是愿意和我一道去就好了!让步状语从句even if/though引导让步状语从句时，从句常使用虚拟语气形式，其结构和if引导的条件状语从句的结构相同Even if he were here，he should not know what to do.即使他在这，他也不知道该怎么办。Even if it dlid not rain tomorrow，I would not go there.即使明天不下雨，我也不会去那里的。目的状语从句for fear that(以免，免得) , in case(以免，以防) lest(以防)引导目的状语从句时，从句常用虚拟语气形式，即“should+动词原形”，其中的should不能省略She examined the door again for fear that a thief shouldHe started out earlier lest he should be late.他很早出发以防迟到。6.虚拟语气的其他用法用法说明例句虚拟语气用于定语从句在定语从句的句式“It is ( high) time (that) .”中，that之后的从句使用动词的过去式(be使用were)或“should+动词原形”，注意其中的should不可省略(第二种结构用得较少)Im getting tired. Its time we wenthome.我累了，我们该回家了。I think