2019届中考英语复习第一篇语言基础知识第16课九年级Units3_4基础知识.docx

第16课 九年级 Units 34课前预热中考词汇拓展重点易错单词1. stamp 邮票2. beside 在旁边3. postcard 明信片4. rush 仓促；急促5. grape 葡萄6. mail 邮件7. fascinating 迷人的8. convenient 方便的9. corner 角落10. politely 礼貌地11. request 要求；请求12. direction 方向；方位13. correct 正确的；恰当的14. speaker 发言者15. impolite 不礼貌的16. address 地址17. underground 地下的；地铁18. course 课程；学科19. humorous 有幽默感的20. interview 采访；面试21. dare 敢于22. private 私人的23. public 民众；公开的24. influence 影响25. seldom 不常；很少26. proud 自豪的27. pride 自豪；骄傲28. absent 缺席的；不在的29. exactly 确切地；精确地30. general 普遍的；总的；将军词汇拓展1. suggest（v.） suggestion （n.）建议；提议2. center（n.） central （adj.）中心的；中央的3. east（n.） eastern （adj.）东方的；东部的4. convenient（adj.） convenience （n.）便利；方便 inconvenient （反义词）不方便的；不便利的5. polite（adj.） politely （adv.）礼貌地；客气地 impolite （反义词）不礼貌的；粗鲁的6. direct（adj.） indirect （反义词）间接的 direction （n.）方向；方位7. correct（adj.） correctly （adv.）正确地；恰当地8. speak（v.） speaker （n.）讲（某种语言）的人；发言者 spoke （过去式） spoken （过去分词）说（某种语言）；说话9. whom（pron.） who （pron.）谁（主格） whose （pron.）谁的10. humor（n.） humorous （adj.）有幽默感的；滑稽的；有趣的11. silent（adj.） silence （n.）沉默；缄默；无声 silently （adv.）不说话地；沉默地12. interview（v. & n.） interviewer （n.）面试者；采访者13. Asia（n.） Asian （adj. & n.）亚洲（人）的；亚洲人14. Europe（n.） European （adj.）欧洲的；欧洲人的15. Africa（n.） African （adj.）非洲的；非洲人的16. Britain（n.） British （adj.）英国的；英国人的17. absent（adj.） absence （n.）缺席；不在 present （反义词）出席的18. fail（v.） failure （n.）失败 success （反义词）成功19. examine（v.） examination/exam （n.）考试；检查20. exact（adj.） exactly （adv.）确切地；精确地21. pride（n.） proud （adj.）自豪的；骄傲的22. general（adj.） generally （adv.）普遍地；广泛地23. speech（n.） speeches （pl.）演讲24. crowd（n. & v.） crowded （adj.）拥挤的 uncrowded （adj.）不拥挤的25. deal（v.） dealt （过去式/过去分词）对付；对待26. require（v.） requirement （n.）所需的（或所要的）东西中考词组短语词 组1. pardon me请再说一次2. from time to time时常；有时3. in public公开地4. be proud of. 为骄傲5. in person亲自6. take pride in. 为感到自豪7. beside the bank在银行旁边8. go past the bookstore经过书店9. be commonly used in. 在普遍使用10. hold ones hand抓住某人的手11. on ones way to. 在去的路上12. pass by Uncle Bobs经过鲍勃叔叔的饭店13. at the door在门口14. go east along this street沿着这条街向东走15. ask for help politely有礼貌地求助16. sound much more polite听起来更有礼貌17. look forward to. 期待18. in a rush匆忙19. on the third floor在第三层楼20. turn red变红21. a 19-year-old Asian pop star一位19岁的亚洲流行明星22. get tons of attention all the time一直备受关注23. think about giving up想着放弃24. require a lot of talent to succeed需要很多天赋才能成功25. make it to the top成功到达巅峰26. read books on European history读关于欧洲历史的书27. be absent from缺席28. make a decision做决定29. advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事30. to ones surprise使某人惊讶的是31. be afraid of being alone害怕孤独32. have a great influence on sb. 对某人有巨大影响中考句型回顾书面表达素材1. 人际沟通When you visit a foreign country, it is important to know how to ask for help politely.当你在国外旅游时，知道如何礼貌地寻求帮助很重要。The expressions they use might depend on whom they are speaking to or how well they know each other. 他们使用的表达方式或许取决于他们说话的对象或他们对彼此的熟识程度。Sometimes, we even need to spend some time leading into a request. 有时，我们甚至需要花些时间来引入一个请求。2. 人物变化I was scared at first , but shouting really did help. 起初我很害怕，但是喊叫确实有用。Candy told me that she used to be really shy and took up singing to deal with her shyness.坎迪告诉我，她过去很害羞，于是学着（利用）唱歌来克服她的害羞。It is hard to believe that he used to have difficulties in school.很难相信他曾经在学业上有困难。Now he is much happier and more outgoing than he used to be.现在他变得比从前更快乐和外向了。My life has changed a lot in the last few years. 我的生活在过去几年中已经有了很大的改变。The biggest change in my life was that I am busier than before.我生活最大的改变就是我比以前更忙了。语法精萃Could you tell us when the band starts playing this evening?你能告诉我今晚什么时候乐队会开始表演吗？（特殊疑问句的宾语从句）You used to be short, didnt you ? 你曾经矮，是吗？Yes, I did./No, I didnt. 是的。/不是的。（反意疑问句）I used to be short. 我曾经很矮。（used to在肯定句中的用法）She didnt use to be popular in school. 她曾经在学校不受欢迎。（used to在否定句中的用法）情景交际Excuse me, do you know where I can buy some medicine?打扰一下，你知道哪里可以买药吗？Sure, theres a supermarket down the street. 当然知道，沿街就有个超市。课堂突破中考重点单词与短语一、waste的用法【例句展示】1. When he was in the middle school, he wasted a lot of time.他在中学时浪费了很多时间。2. Dont throw waste chemicals into rivers.不要把废弃的化学物品扔进河里。3. We all think its a waste of time and money.我们都认为这事既浪费时间又浪费金钱。4. My parents tell me not to waste time watching TV.我的父母告诉我不要浪费时间看电视。【精讲辨析】1. waste作动词，意为“浪费”。2. waste作形容词，意为“废弃的；丢弃的；无用的”。3. waste作名词，意为“废弃物；废料”。4. waste. （in） doing sth.浪费做某事。【活学活用】用waste的适当形式填空。1. Be careful not_ paper.2. Dont_ your time in playing computer games.3. Its a_ of time.二、dare的用法【例句展示】1. We must dare to think, speak and act. 我们必须敢想、敢说、敢做。2. He doesnt dare （to） say anything. 他什么也不敢说。3. We all know she was wrong, but none of us dared （to） tell her. 我们都知道她错了，但我们没有一个人敢对她说。【精讲辨析】dare为实义动词，意为“敢于；胆敢”。dare to do sth. 意为“敢于做某事”，其中to有时可以省略（尤其是在否定句或疑问句中）。【活学活用】根据汉语意思翻译句子。她很勇敢，她敢与坏人作斗争。She was very brave. She_ fight with bad people.三、worry的用法【例句展示】1. Pierres worry is that his son might fail in the English exam.皮尔担心他儿子英语考试可能会不及格。2. Dont worry. All of us will help you if you need.不要担心。如果你需要，我们都会帮你的。3. Henry always worries about his grades.亨利总是担心他的成绩。4. The worrying situation makes him nervous.令人担忧的情形使他紧张。5. She was worried about her husband because he had been away for two weeks without any message to her.她担心她的丈夫，因为他已离开两周，且毫无音信。【精讲辨析】1. 例句1中的worry是名词，意为“烦恼；忧虑”。2. 由例句2和3可知，worry是动词，意为“担心；担忧；焦虑”，其后常接介词about构成动词短语worry about,表示“担心”。3. worry的形容词形式有两种：worrying和worried。worrying表示“令人担忧的”，如例句4，常用来修饰事物；worried表示“担心的；担忧的”，常用来修饰人，并常用于be worried about结构，意为“担心”，如例句5。【活学活用】根据汉语意思翻译句子。1. 导游已经为学校郊游安排好了路线。我们不用为此担心。The tour guide has made the route for the school trip. We dont need to_that.2. 我现在最大的担忧是找到一个住的地方。My_now is finding somewhere to live.3. 这个年轻人总是担心他父母的健康。The young man always_his parents health.四、a good place to eat的用法【例句展示】Can you tell me where theres a good place to eat?你能告诉我哪里有吃饭的好地方吗？【精讲辨析】1. a good place to eat意为“吃饭的好地方”，其中to eat作定语，修饰前面的名词place。动词不定式作定语通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后，常见的此类名词还有way, time, chance, opportunity等。如：He has an opportunity to go abroad now. 他现在有一次出国的机会。2. 动词不定式作定语时，当被修饰的词是不定式的逻辑宾语时，不定式中的动词必须是及物的；如果不定式中的动词是不及物的，就要带相关的介词，使其构成及物动词短语，此时的介词一定不要省略。如：I need some paper to write on. 我需要一些用来写字的纸。She can find no one to make friends with. 她找不到一个可以交朋友的人。Im looking for a room to live in. 我正在寻找一个房间住。【活学活用】A）用所给词的适当形式填空。1. Why dont you go out to play, Rose?Im afraid I cant. I have much homework（do）.B）根据汉语意思翻译句子。2. 我没有一个练习英语的同伴。I dont have a partner_.五、suggest的用法【例句展示】1. I suggest Water City Restaurant in Water World.我建议去水上世界的水城餐馆。2. He suggested a walk. 他提议散个步。3. She suggested going there by bike.她建议骑自行车去那儿。4. He suggested （that） we （should） do it at once. 他建议我们立刻做这件事。5. His pale face suggested that he was ill. 他苍白的脸色表明他生病了。【精讲辨析】1. suggest是及物动词，意为“建议；提议”，名词形式为suggestion，意为“建议；提议”。其用法如下：（1）suggest sth. 意为“提议/建议某事”。（2）suggest doing sth. 意为“建议做某事”。（3）suggest+that引导的宾语从句，意为“建议”，这时宾语从句要用虚拟语气，其结构为“（should）+动词原形”。2. suggest还可意为“暗示；表明”。【活学活用】用suggest的适当形式填空。1. He gave me some_ . They were really helpful.2. My sister_ having a picnic beside the river last Sunday.中考重点句型一、Excuse me, do you know where I can change money?打扰一下，你知道我可以去哪里换钱吗？【例句展示】Excuse me. Could you please tell me where I can get a dictionary?打扰一下。请你告诉我哪儿可以买到字典？【归纳提高】问路的句型：1. Excuse me, where is the （nearest） post office?打扰一下，请告诉我（最近的）邮局在哪儿？=Would you please tell me where the （nearest） post office is?=Excuse me, which is the way to the （nearest） post office?=Excuse me, can/could you tell me the way to the （nearest） post office?=Excuse me, how can/do I get to the （nearest） post office?2. Excuse me, can you tell me how to get to the nearest hospital?打扰一下，你能告诉我怎样才能到最近的医院吗？=Excuse me, is there a hospital nearby （near here）?=Would you please tell me if there is a hospital nearby?3. Excuse me, could you please tell me where theres a good place to eat?打扰一下，你能告诉我哪儿有吃东西的好地方吗？【活学活用】句型转换。1. Could you tell me how I can get to the bookstore?（改为同义句）Could you tell me_ to the bookstore?2. Do you know which is the way to the post office? （改为同义句）Do you know_ the post office?二、.have/has.in the last.years.在过去的年里，已经【例句展示】My life has changed a lot in the last few years.在过去的几年里，我的生活改变了许多。【归纳提高】1. in the last few years意为“在过去的几年里”，在句子中作状语。其结构属于：in the last/past+数词+years/months/weeks/days,表示“在过去的时间里”，一般要和现在完成时连用。2. 我们以前学过：a few意为“几个”，表示肯定意义；而few意为“没几个”，具有否定意义。但是当a few前有past, last, every等词修饰时，few前的冠词a要省去。所以在in the last/past few years中few没有否定的含义，只是省略了a。如：We went to see our parents every few days.每隔几天，我们就去看望父母一次。【活学活用】用所给词的适当形式填空。Great changes_（take） place in China in the past twenty years.三、Talk about what you used to be like.谈谈你过去是怎样的。【例句展示】1. He used to be late for school.他过去经常上学迟到。2. He is used to getting up early.他习惯于早起。【归纳提高】1. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事，表示过去和现在对比，暗指现在已经不存在的动作或状态。2. be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事，to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。【活学活用】用适当的短语填空。How does Jack usually go to school?He_ ride a bike, but now he there to lose weight.四、Its been+一段时间+since+从句=It is+一段时间+since+从句自从以来已经有多长时间了。【例句展示】1. It has been five years since I began to learn English.=Its five years since I began to learn English.自从我开始学英语已经有5年的时间了。2. She has taught us English since I came to this school.自从我来到这所学校她就教我们英语。3. He has worked there since 10 years ago. 他在那儿已经工作10年了。【归纳提高】1. since用作连词，意为“自从；自以来”。主句常用完成时，且动词须用延续性动词。since后接从句，该从句用一般过去时态。2. since还可用作介词，意为“自从以来”，后接表示时间点的词。【活学活用】用适当的词填空。My uncle has taught in this school_ he was twenty years old.中考词语辨析一、alone与lonely【例句展示】1. I think Ill live in an apartment with my best friend, because I dont like living alone.我想我会和我最好的朋友住在一套公寓里，因为我不喜欢一个人居住。2. She felt lonely. 她感到孤独。【辨异突破】1. alone作形容词，意为“单独的；孤独的”，在句中作表语或后置定语，强调别无他人，处于完全孤立的境地。2. alone也可以作副词，意为“单独地；独自地”，通常用于陈述客观事实，强调独自一人，没别的同伴。如：She lives alone. 她一个人生活。3. lonely作形容词，指人时意为“孤独的；感到寂寞的”，指地方时表示“荒凉的；偏僻的；荒无人烟的”，有浓厚的感情色彩，可作定语或表语。如：a lonely mountainvillage一个偏僻的山村【活学活用】用alone或lonely填空。1. The man lived in a_ village. He is , but he didnt feel_.2. Boys and girls, you should do your homework .3. The baby is too young. We cant leave it .二、proud与pride【例句展示】1. We all felt proud of our success.我们都为我们的成功而自豪。2. Jimmy is the pride of his parents.吉米是他父母的骄傲。【辨异突破】1. proud作形容词，意为“自豪的；骄傲的”。be proud to do sth. 因做某事而骄傲；be proud of.以为骄傲。2. pride作名词，意为“骄傲；自豪”。be the pride of.是的骄傲；take pride in.以为骄傲。【活学活用】用适当的词填空。1. Shen Xue and Zhao Hongbo won the gold medal for China so were proud_ them.2. My parents always take_ in me.三、for example, such as与like【例句展示】1. He is a helpful person; for example, he donated100,000 yuan to the charity yesterday.他是个乐于助人的人，例如，昨天他给慈善机构捐了10万元。2. I like many subjects at school, such as English, math, science and so on.在学校，我喜欢许多学科，比如英语、数学、科学等。3. I like drinks like/such as tea and soda.我喜欢饮料，如茶和苏打汽水。【辨异突破】三者都可以表示列举。for example一般只列举同类人或物中的“一个”，可置于句首、句中、句末。作为插入语，用逗号隔开；such as常列举同类人或物中的多个例子，可与and so on连用，也可与like（像；比方说）互换。但such as用于举例时可分开用，此时不与like互换。在阅读理解时，可以通过列举的事例对所解释的词进行进一步理解。【活学活用】用for example, such as或like填空。1. Some warm-blooded animals,_ the cat, the dog, dont need to hibernate（冬眠）.2._, air is invisible（看不见的）.四、between与among【例句展示】1. The drugstore is between the furniture store and the bookstore.药店在家具店与书店之间。2. The teacher is among his students.老师在学生们之间。【辨异突破】1. between是介词，意为“（两者）之间”，常用结构为between.and.。2. among是介词，意为“（三者或三者以上）之间”。【活学活用】用between或among填空。1. Do you know the man_ those trees?2. The boy_ Mr. Red and Mrs. Red is Nick, their son.五、until与till【例句展示】1. He watched TV until/till midnight last night. 他昨天晚上看电视一直到半夜。2. I waited for him until/till he came back. 我一直等到他回来。3. He didnt go home until/till ten oclock.他直到10点才回家。4. I hadnt realized the thing was so serious until/till she told me about it.=Until she told me about it, I hadnt realized the thing was so serious. （第二句不能用till代替until）直到她告诉我，我才意识到这件事如此严重。【辨异突破】1. until可以放在句首，till不能。till多用于口语中。两个词都可以用作介词，也可以用作连词。作介词时，后接名词或短语，在句子中作状语；作连词时引导时间状语从句。2. until/till用于肯定句中，句子或主句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，表示这一动作或状态一直延续到until/till所表示的时间为止。这样的动词有live, wait, last, work等。3. until/till用于否定句中，其句型为not.until/till.，意为“直到才”或“在之前不（没有）”，通常与非延续性动词连用，强调句子或主句所表示的状态或动作从until/till所表示的时间才发生，句子或主句必须是否定句。表示非延续性的动词有come, go, leave, meet, realize, understand, reach, get, arrive等。【活学活用】用till或until填空。1. My father didnt go to bed_ I returned home.2._ his teacher told him about it, he hadnt realized his mistake.当堂检测一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。1. Have you ever read books on_（Africa） culture?2. He is good at making_（speech） in English.3. He has been to many_（Europe） countries.4. I like fruit, especially_（grape）.5. Its not enough to answer the questions_（correct）. You should be polite as well.6. All of us felt very_（pride） when we won the soccer match.7. The man asked_（polite）, “Could you please tell me where the bank is?”8. Sometimes it is_（help） to make a list of everything you have to do.9. Visitors are_（request） not to touch the exhibitions and take pictures in the museum.10. At the beginning, the_（speak） thought his topic was very boring, but the ending was very moving.二、用方框中所给词的适当形式填空，每词限用一次。 shy silence fail ton introduce 1. After hearing the news of his fathers death, the man kept_ for a long time and cried suddenly.2. After hearing the words, the girls face turned red because of_.3. The man was interested in the_ about the book and decided to buy it.4. Mike is busy these days because hes got_ of work to do.5. The boy who was often absent from classes_again.三、根据短文内容和所给汉语提示，在空白处写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。There is a kind of pretty popular tra