新高一英语教师辅导讲义.doc

学员编号： 年 级：高一 课 时 数：学员姓名： 辅导科目：英语 学科教师：授课类型T 同步巩固C 现在分词C 阅读巩固授课日期时段教学内容词汇key words & expressions : Foreign Language Learning1、犯罪，犯法1、offend the law2、与其宁愿2、prefer to do rather than do3、被尊重的感觉3、a sense of being respected4、企图做4、attempt to do something/ make an attempt to do something5、尊敬某人/ 某事(respectful)5、be respectful to/ towards sb. be respectful of sth.6、把重点放在6、lay/put/ place emphasis on7、进入这个行业7、enter the profession8、性别问题 新邮票的发行 提出一个新的重要议题8、issue of gender the issue of the new stamp raise a new issue9、技术术语9、technical term10、忙着做某事（occupied）10、be occupied in doing sth./ with sth.11、一本很容易的书11、a fairly easy book12、恰当地使用英语的范围不仅仅限于性别方面。12、Using English properly extends further than gender.13、随时代变化而变化13、change with the times14、飞机上的空中服务员14、flight attendant15、坚持，坚决要求15、insist on sth./doing sth./ that(should)16、(法律、协议)要求或强迫某人做某事 对很感激16、 oblige sb. to do sth. be obliged to sb. for sth.17、不和时宜17、out-of-date18、不再流行18、out of style19、很多19、quite a few20、对起作用20、have an effect on21、向某人抱怨某事21、complain to sb. about/of sth.22、小心轻放。22、Please handle with care.23、编一个借口 补上缺的课23、make up an excuse make up the missed lesson24、词汇量大24、have a large vocabulary25、万能药25、a cure-all for 26、有积极的影响26、have a positive effect on 27、这药不起作用。（ work） 创造奇迹27、 The medicine doesnt work. work wonders28、暴露28、expose to29、输入文本/数据29、input text/ data/figures30、培养对足球的爱好30、cultivate a hobby for soccer31、医治好某人的病31、cure sb. of (病)翻译1risk vt使受危险；担风险risk ones liferisk doing sth翻译：我们尊敬他，因为他冒着生命危险救了一个陌生人。We respect him for he risked his life to save a strangern风险；危险runtake the risk of冒危险 他将冒生命危险去救那个孩子。 He will run the risk of losing his life to save the child at risk处于危险中2、explode vt使爆炸vi爆炸如果有地雷在车厢下爆炸，车马上就会停下。If a mine explodes under your car，the car will stop immediately3 exception n例外，破例，例外之物我不喝酒，但今天是个例外。I dont drink，but today is an exception4、injury v. / n.伤害，侮辱据报道，车祸中没人受伤。No injuries were reported in the traffic accident5、 insist认定，坚持insist thatinsist on doing sth鲍勃认定你错了。Bob insisted that you were wrong我坚持你把香烟灭了。I insist that you(should)put out the cigarette right now6、 inevitable adj不可避免的 英国最终加入单一欧洲货币是不可避免的。It is inevitable Britain will eventually join the single European currency7 endurance n忍耐(力)，持久(力)，耐久(性)游过英吉利海峡需要持久的耐力。Swimming across the English Channel requires great endurance 1. 他用枪瞄准了敌军军官。(aim at) He aimed the gun at the enemy officer 2暖和的天气吸引我们去游泳。(tempt v) The warm weather tempted US into going for a swim 3她将她的少年时代描绘成一个充满幻想和发现的时期。(describeas) She described her children as a time of wonder and discovery4处于压力下的人容易发挥自己全部的潜力。(tend to)People under stress tend to express their full range of potential 5他估计这枚戒指值80美元。(value) He valued the ring at$80 6泛光灯照亮了城堡。（1ight Up ）v The castle was lit up with floodlights 7听到这个消息，他大哭(大笑)了起来。（burst into） At the news，he burst into tears(1aughter) 8这棵枯树上爬满了昆虫。（be alive with）The dead trees is alive with insects 9汗珠不断从她脸上流下。(pour v) Sweat poured down from her face 现在分词学习非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词、动词现在分词和过去分词四种。顾名思义，这四种结构在句中不能充当谓语成分。不定式（to do ）、动名词（doing）、 现在分词（doing）和过去分词（done）能在句中充当主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语这六种成分。 高考重点要求：1、掌握不定式、分词、动名词在句子中的作用2、区分不定式、分词作定语和状语的异同3、掌握不定式、动名词作宾语，不定式和分词作宾补的惯用结构4、注意非谓语动词与句子谓语动词的时间关系，以确定非谓语动词的时态形式5、弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系，以确定非谓语动词的语态形式主动语态被动语态一般式doing /beingbeing done完成式having done having been done一 现在分词的一般主动式：doing sthA:定语1) 放在名词前（单个现在分词）：remaining 20 dollars guiding principle an exciting film （名词为物，分词揭示名词的本质特征）burning forests （名词为物，分词表示名词动作的主动进行或发出） an inspiring leader （名词为人，分词揭示名词的本质特征）working peasants （名词为人，分词表示名词的动作的主动性，进行性或发出）2)放在名词后（现在分词短语）：the girl reading in the classroom.B：表语放在be 或系动词之后，相当于形容词 the film is quite interesting .(主语为物)C：宾语补足语位于这些动词加宾语之后。See/look at/hear/watch/find/listen to /feel /catch /keep /smell /leave/set/observe/notice /count /send /get 宾语doing（现在分词）The teacher left the pupil standing aside.She was heard singing all the time.She suddenly heard someone knocking at the door.When I entered the room, I found him looking for something.D:状语：1) 时间相当于after, before, when , while 状语从句，现在分词动作发生在主句动作之前或与主句动作同时发生。Stepping carelessly off the pavement, he was knocked down by the bus.（发生在主句动作之前）Arriving at the station , he found the train had gone.（之前）He went out , shutting the door behind him.（之后）Walking through the park, she saw a flower show .（同时）Talking a key out of his pocket , he open the door .（一个简短动作一发生，另一个动作紧跟着发生）之前。Hearing the news , they all jumped with joy.Be careful when crossing the street. While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with Jane.Her husband died in 1999, leaving her with two children . Lying under the apple tree, Newton was thinking and thinking .Thinking she must be late, Miss Smith decided to take a taxi.There are a number of students waiting to be examined.He refused the offer , saying that this would be too expensive.The man feel and slipped, getting off the bus.某一动作进行时，发生了另一个短暂动作或结果。2) 原因（句首）Being short of money , I applied for the job.Not seeing John , I cant tell you what he looks like.3) 方式，伴随：Singing a pop song in a low voice, he came into the yard.He stood by the window , watching the children playing.She stopped as if expecting him to speak .His parents arrived late for one day, leaving their children being hungry for a whole day.4) 结果（后置）She fell, only striking ,her head against the rock. .He spread a rumor , leading to a great confusion in class. It rained heavily causing severe flood in that region.5) 条件If traveling north, I asked where he was .6) 让步knowing all this , they still insisted on paying for the damage .Many boys , having had few advantages in their youth , have yet great contribution to their country later.Unless paying by credit card, he pays in cash .Though understanding no English , he was able to communicate with them.7) with +独立主格结构She got to sleep , with the light still burning.The story is about a girl searching for treasure. We have got tall , with the tree growing tall , too.With Mr Brown taking the lead, they decided to set up a trading company.He didnt go to school , with his mother being ill.I played under a big tree, with my father working in the fields.二 现在分词的一般被动式being done A: 定语（后置）The girl being interviewed now is the managers daughter. The project being built now is of great importance.The bridge being built there will be one of the longest ones in China.This is one of the most important experiments being carried on in our lab.B:1)宾语补足语：She found herself being warmly welcomed everywhere.He heard the question being hotly discussed He was very sad to see the trees being cut down by the villagers.Someone saw her being taken to the operating room2)主语补足语.He was seen being taken away by the police.I was kept waiting for another two hoursC:1) 状语：being noticed by so many people, she felt nervous, Not knowing what to say.Being supported by the people, they continued struggling.Being well taken care of , she recovered quickly .Not being seen by anyone, he escaped.2) with +独立主格结构with the questions being settled, we went home.三 现在分词的完成主动式A：状语Having watered the vegetables, the farmer took a short rest.Having seen the film twice, he didnt want to go to the cinema with his wife.Having done his homework , the boy began to watch TV.I didnt feel surprised, having expected all this.Not having done it right, I tried again.四 现在分词完成被动式A：状语Having been given such a good chance, how could she give it up ?Having been turned down many times, the young men felt discouraged.Not having been washed in the correct way, the coat has faded.(褪色)Having been told that some guests were coming, she shopped all morning in that supermarket.Having been badly injured in the car accident, he had to stay in bed for at least three weeks.五 插入语frankly /strictly/generally speaking, women work more carefully than men.Judging from his accent, he must be the native of Sichuan.六 主语为物而分词主语是动作的执行者。The idea can be expressed using a single sentence.七 当结果状语的分词的逻辑主语为前面整个句子。European football is played in 80 countries , making it the most popular sport in the world.八、动名词与现在分词的同与不同动名词它在形式上与现在分词相同，都是在动词原形的词末加-ing。在现代语法中，这两种形式同视为“-ing形式”。这两种形式的另一个相同之处是：它们都是由动词变化而成的，它们都保留了动词的某些特征，它们都能带自己的宾语、状语，而构成动名词短语或是现在分词短语去担当句子成分。例如： Speaking in the public, he will surely be very cheerful . （现在分词短语，作状语）他在公众场所讲话时总是兴高采烈的。 She hates speaking in the public. （动名词短语，作宾语）她不喜欢在公众场所讲话。 区别： 1、动名词和现在分词都可以用于系动词之后作表语，区别方法是： 作表语的动名词与主语指的是同一件事，此时系动词相当于“是”，通常把主语和表语的位置互换，语法和意思不变，例如： My hobby is swimming.可改为Swimming is my hobby.（可将原句中的主语与表语位置互换） 现在分词作表语主要用以说明主语的性质，不能与主语互换位置，例如： The story is interesting .不可改为：Interesting is the story. 2、动名词和现在分词都可以用作定语来修饰名词，两者的区别在于： 动名词修饰名词时主要表示该名词的用途，而现在分词修饰名词时性质、状态或动作等。试比较： a swimming boy和a swimming suit 前者的意思是“一个正在游泳的男孩”，即a boy who is swimming,现在分词swimming 表示被修饰名词boy的动作；而后者的意思是“游泳衣”，即a suit for swimming,动名词swimming表示suit 的用途。 a sleeping child 和 a sleeping car 前者的意思是“一个正在睡觉的孩子”，即a child who is sleeping,现在分词sleeping 表示被修饰名词 child 正处于的状态；而后者的意思是“卧车（被用来睡觉的车厢）”，即 a car which is used for sleeping,动名词 sleeping 表示car 的用途。非谓语动词1. _ loud music in public is against the law in the UK.A. Play B. Having played C. Playing D. Being played2. -The light in the office is still on. -Oh, I forgot _. A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off3. She looks forward every evening to _ by the peaceful lake. A. being walked B. having walked C. walk D. walking 4. More and more mainland high school students are considering _ universities in Hong Kong. A. to attend B. having attend C. to be attending D. attending5. Please remain _ ; the winner of the prize will be announced soon. A. seating B. seated C. to seat D. to be seating6. Victor apologized her _ to inform me of the change in the plan. A. his being not able B. him not to be able C. his not being able D. him to be not able7. The day when Hong Kong returned to China is well worth _. A. being celebrated B. celebrating C. to be celebrated D. celebrated8. We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met9. In fact _ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match. A. this B. that C. there D. it 10. -Can I smoke here? -Sorry. We dont allow _ here. A. people smoking B. people smoke C. to smoke D. smoking11. In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ for another hour. A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting12. _ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement. A. The president will attend B. The president to attend C. The president attended D. The presidents attending13. The doctor suggested _ the instrument to treat her eyes. A. her to use B. she using C. she to use D. her using 14. Isnt it time you got down to _ the papers? A. mark B. be marked C. begin marked D. marking15. Have you ever lied to a good friend to avoid _ your friends feelings ? A. hurting B. to hurt C. being hurt D. hurt16. _ better in the 2010 World Expo is the duty of every citizen in Shanghai. A. Being served B. Serving C. Serve D. Having served17. The doctor insisted on one of the patients legs _. A. being cut off B. to be cut off C. having cut off D. to have been cut off18. _ some more vinegar in the dish and it might taste a bit better. A. Trying to put B. To try putting C. Try putting D. Try to put19. Mark often attempts to escape _ whenever he breaks traffic regulations. A. having find B. to fine C. to have fined D. being fined20. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C. expects D. to be expected21. According to a recent U.S. survey, children spend up to 25 hours a week _ TV. A. to watch B. to watching C. watching D. watch22. What surprised the king most was _ to meet his queen. A. his not allowing B. his not being allowed C. his being not allowed D. his having not been allowed23. Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _ a bicycle. A. ride ride B. riding ride C. to be watching D. to have watched24. He pretended _ the sky when his mother came in. So she didnt notice that he was crying just now. A. to watch B. watching C. to be watching D. to have watched25. _ in trouble with his neighbors has wasted him a lot of time and effort. A. Involved B. Being involved C. Involving D. Having involved26. Hearing the bad news that her mother was killed in the accident, she couldnt help _. A. to cry B. crying C. cried D. cry27. As a new driver, I have to practice _ the car in my small garage again and again. A. parking B. to park C. parked D. park28. A Russian official said Chinese cooperation was the key to _ the argument about Irans nuclear work. A. solve B. be solved C. be solving D. solving29. The man admitted, after several hours of questioning, _ a wallet from the passenger. A. having stolen B. to have stolen C. being stolen D. to steal30. The library needs _ , but itll have to wait until Sunday. A. cleaning B. be cleaned C. to clean D. being cleaned31. _ more laughter to your life is sure to make you happier and healthier. A. Adding B. Added C. Add D. Being added32. Eugenes never willing to alter any of his opinions. Its no use _ with him. A. to argue B. arguing C. argued D. having argued33. I still remember _ to the Famen Temple and what I saw there. A. to take B. to be taken C. taking D. being taken34. The discovery of new gene led to _ the Nobel Prize. A. his to win B. his won C. him to win D. him winning35. Each time he sees the nice picture sent by his French pen-friend, he feels like _ a trip to Paris to visit the Eiffel Tower. A. to make B. making C. made D. make36. One of the most important problems of today is _ jobs to the unemployed. A. having given B. what to be given C. how to give D. to have given37. -Whats made you so upset? - _ my mobile phone in the department store. A. Lost B. Losing C. Because of losing D. To lose38. With each individual doing his part, we will be well on our way to _ the waste problem. A. solve B. be solving C. being solved D. solving39. Tom knew he would certainly get _ if he was late home. A. shout at B. to shout at C. shouted at D. to be shouted at40. Attention must be paid to _ the jewelry shop _. A. preventbeing robbed B. preventingbeing robbed C. prevent to be robbed D. preventingto be robbed41. I had great difficulty _ the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant. A. find B. found C. to find D. finding42. _ into a first-rate university was what her parents wished for. A. The girls admitting B. The girl was admitted C. The girl to admit D. The girls being admitted43. The bird was so lucky that it just missed _. A. being caught B. to be caught C. catching D. caught 44. Can you imagine the best boy in the class _ in the final examination? A. to cheat B. cheating C. to be cheating D. to have cheated45. -Robert is indeed a wise man. -Oh, yes. How often I have regretted _ his advice! A. to take B. taking C. not to take D. not taking46. I dont think _ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. A. this B. that C. its D. it47. Mr. Read made up his mind to devote all he had to _ some schools for poor children. A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up48. _ from the job for a long time makes my father have a sense of loss. A. Retire B. Retiring C. Have retired D. Having retried 49. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom. A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed C. being opened and closed D. to open