the-call-of-the-wild-野性的呼唤.ppt

TheCalloftheWild JackLondon TheCalloftheWild Background TheCalloftheWildisanovellabyAmericanauthorJackLondonpublishedin1903 ThestorytakesplaceintheextremeconditionsoftheYukonduringthe19th centuryKlondikeGoldRush TheCalloftheWild Background Thegoldprospectors knownas Klondikers facedharshconditions temperatures40degreesbelowzero starvationandmalnutrition longjourneysonfoot hundredsofpoundsofsuppliestotransport TheCalloftheWild Background TheindigenouspeopleofAlaskaandCanadabeganusingsleddogsmorethan1 000yearsago Theydependedonthesedogsfor protection transportation hunting companionship TheCalloftheWild Background Inthelate1800s settlersandexplorersstartedusingthedogstohelpthemexploreremoteareas delivermail andlookforgold ff Plotoverview Buck apowerfuldog livesonJudgeMiller sestateinCalifornia Heleadsacomfortablelifethere butitcomestoanendwhenmendiscovergoldintheKlondikeregionofCanadaandagreatdemandarisesforstrongdogstopullsleds BuckiskidnappedbyagardenerontheMillerestateandsoldtodogtraders whoteachBucktoobeybybeatinghimwithacluband subsequently shiphimnorthtotheKlondike Plotoverview ArrivinginthechillyNorth Buckisamazedbythecrueltyheseesaroundhim Assoonasanotherdogfromhisship Curly apackofhuskiesviolentlykillsher Watchingherdeath Buckvowsnevertoletthesamefatebefallhim Hebeginstoadjusttolifeasasleddog Buckissmart tough andalert Helearnsquicklyhowtosurviveasasleddog Finally BuckkillsSpitz theleaddog andtakeshisplaceastheleaddog Plotoverview WithBuckattheheadoftheteam hisownerssoonturntheteamovertoamailcarrierwhoforcesthedogstocarrymuchheavierloads Inthemidstofaparticularlyarduoustrip oneofthedogsbecomesill andeventuallythedriverhastoshoothim Attheendofthisjourney thedogsareexhausted andthemailcarriersellsthemtoagroupofAmericangoldhunters Hal Charles andMercedes Plotoverview Buck snewmastersareinexperiencedandoutofplaceinthewilderness Theyoverloadthesled beatthedogs andplanpoorly Someweakeranimalssoondie Ofanoriginalteamoffourteen onlyfivearestillalivewhentheylimpintoJohnThornton scamp Thorntonwarnsthemthattheiceoverwhichtheyaretravelingismeltingandthattheymayfallthroughit Haldismissesthesewarningsandtriestogetgoingimmediately Theotherdogsbegintomove butBuckrefuses WhenHalbeginstobeathim Thorntonintervenes knockingaknifefromHal shandandcuttingBuckloose HalcursesThorntonandstartsthesledagain butbeforetheyhavegoneaquarterofamile theicebreaksopen swallowingboththehumansandthedogs ThorntonbecomesBuck smaster andBuck sdevotiontohimistotal HesavesThorntonfromdrowninginariver attacksamanwhotriestostartafightwithThorntoninabar and mostremarkably winsa 1 600wagerforhisnewmasterbypullingasledcarryingathousand poundload ButBuck sloveforThorntonismixedwithagrowingattractiontothewild andhefeelsasifheisbeingcalledawayfromcivilizationandintothewilderness ThisfeelinggrowsstrongerwhenheaccompaniesThorntonandhisfriendsinsearchofalostminehiddendeepintheCanadianforest Plotoverview Plotoverview Whilethemensearchforgold Buckrangesfarafield befriendingwolvesandhuntingbearsandmoose HealwaysreturnstoThorntonintheend until oneday hecomesbacktocamptofindthatYeehatIndianshaveattackedandkilledhismaster BuckattackstheIndians killingseveralandscatteringtherest andthenheadsoffintothewild wherehebecomestheleaderofapackofwolves Hebecomesalegendaryfigure aGhostDog fatheringcountlesscubsandinspiringfearintheYeehats buteveryyearhereturnstotheplacewhereThorntondied tomournhismasterbeforereturningtohislifeinthewild Themes Lifeevolvedthroughaprocessofnaturalselection Onlythosestrongandadaptablesurvived AssoonasBuckiskidnapped helearnsthatanewlawappliestolife differentfromthe lawofloveandfellowship hehasknownbefore Londoncallsitthe lawofclubandfang The lawoftheclub isthatman havinggreaterforce isthemaster Theweakmustsubmitandservethewilloftheconqueror orbekilled Naturalism SurvivaloftheFittest The lawoffang appliestothedogworld BuckfirstmeetsitwhenCurlyistorntopieces Herealizes Sothatwastheway Nofairplay Oncedown thatwastheendofyou Heresolvesnevertogodown Itsetsthepatternfortheremainderofthenovel HeredityandEnvironmentLondonwasadeterminist andbelievedthatlifewasconditionedbyheredityandtheenvironment AslongasBucklivesattheJudge sranch hisinheritedinstinctsremainhidden However heisrapidlychangedbyhisexposuretoanewenvironment Theenvironmentshapeshim butheredityalsoplaysalargepart Headaptssowellbecauseheinheritsthefierceinstinctsheneedstosurvive whichteacheshimhowtofightandhowtouseallthetricksofsurvi