基础英语1997(试题与答案)南开.doc

南开大学1997年研究生入学考试试题考试科目：基础英语I. Words. （20%） A. Directions：From the choices given below, select （underline）an appropriate synonym for the italicized word in each sentence. 1. The Middle Eastern bazaar takes you back thousands of years. pharmacy theatre market stadium 2. This is a personal day, a terrible day , the day to which his entire sojourn has been tending. plan visit focus life 3. New York is no longer the leading city in the United States, at least if it is measured by who begets the styles and sets the trends. forgets produces abuses respects 4. In that city, helpfulness is often delivered as a taunt. gibe welcome whiplash attack 5. Most Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finns idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyers endless summer of freedom and adventure. happy poetic deplorable timeless 6. This is a remarkably large and beautiful animal, and sagacious to an astonishing degree. vicious shrewd loathsome awkward 7. I suffered myself to use intemperate language to my wife. obscene harsh vague lurid 8. I looked upon my future felicity as secured. madness leisure happiness misery 9. Having procured mortar, sand, and hair, with every possible precaution, I prepared a plaster which could not be distinguished from the old, and with this I very carefully went over the new brick-work. acquired stolen concealed mixed 10. Escorted by Churchill, the President hobbled alt the way across the deck, and sat. walked sauntered ran limped B. Directions: Briefly explain the differences between the following pairs. 1. glare brightness 2. huge large 3. accuse charge 4. common popular5. complex complicated II. Cloze. （20%） Directions: Fill in the following blanks with appropriate words. The first letter of each word has already been given. Americans have a s _of space, not of place. Go to an American home in exurbia, and almost the first thing you do is drift toward the picture window. How curious that the first compliment you p_your host inside his house is to say how lovely it is o_ his house! He is pleased that you should admire his vistas. The distant horizon is not m_a line separating earth from sky, it is a symbol of the future. The American is not r_ in his place, however lovely: his eyes are drawn by the expanding space to a point on the horizon, which is his future. By contrast, c_the traditional Chinese home. Blank walls e_ it. Step behind the spirit wall and you are in a courtyard with perhaps a miniature garden around a corner. O_ inside his private compound you are wrapped in an ambiance of calm beauty, an ordered world of buildings, pavement, rock, and decorative vegetation. But you have no d_ view: nowhere does space open out before you. Raw nature in such a home is experienced only as weather, and the only open space is the sky above. The Chinese is rooted in his place. When he has to leave, it is not for the p_land on the terrestrial horizon, but for another world altogether along the vertical, religious axis of his imagination. The Chinese t_to place is deeply felt. Wanderlust is an alien sentiment. The Ta- oist classic Tao Te Ching captures the ideal of rootedness in place with these words: “T_ there may be another country in the neighbourhood so close that they are within sight of each other and the crowing of cocks and barking of dogs in one place can be heard in the other, yet there is no traffic between them; and throughout their lives the two peoples have nothing to do with each other. ”In theory if not in p_ , farmers have ranked high in Chinese society. The reason is not only that they are engaged in a “root” industry of producing food but that, unlike pecuniary merchants, they are tied to the land and do not a_ their country when it is in danger.N_is a recurrent theme in Chinese poetry. An American reader of translated Chinese poems may well be taken abackeven put offby the frequency, as well as the sen- timentality, of the lament for home. To u_ the strength of this sentiment, we need to know that the Chinese desire for stability and rootedness in place is prompted by the constant threat of war, exile, and the natural disasters of flood and drought. Forcible removal makes the Chinese keenly aware of their lossBy contrast，Americans move，for the most part，voluntarilyTheir nostalgia for home town is really longing for a childhood to which they cannot r_：in the meantime the future beckons and the future is“out there，”in open space When we criticize American rootlessness，we tend to f_that it is a result of ideals we admire，namely，social mobility and optimism about the futureWhen we admire Chinese rootedness，we forget that the word“place” means both location in space and position in society：to be tied to place is also to be b_to ones station in life, with little hope of bettermentSpace s _hope；place，achievement and stability Translate the following into English： （20） 确切地说，这只是到了我们前来就业的农场的地界，离有人烟的居民点还远得很。至少现在极目望去还看不见一幢房子。这个农场和劳改农场只有一渠之隔，但马车从早晨九 点钟出发，才走到这里。看看南边的太阳，时光大概已经过中午了吧。这里的田地和渠那边 一样，这里的天更和渠那边相同，然而那条渠却是自由与不自由的界线。 车路两边是稻田。稻茬子留得很高。茬口毛茸茸的，一看就知道是钝口的镰刀收割 的。难道农场的工人也和我们一样懒，连镰刀也不磨利点?不过我遗憾的不是这个，遗憾 的是路两边没有玉米田。如果是玉米田，说不定还能找出几个丢下来的小玉米。 遗憾!这里没有玉米田。 太阳暖融融的。西山脚下又象往日好天气时样，升腾起一片雾霭，把锯齿形的山峦 涂抹上异常柔和的乳白色。天上没有云，蓝色的穹隆覆盖着一望无际的田野。而天的蓝色 又极有层次，从头开始，逐渐淡下来，淡下来，到天边与地平线接壤的部分，就成了一片淡淡的青烟。在天底下，裸露的田野黄得耀眼。这时，我身上酥酥地痒起来了。虱子感觉到了热气，开始从衣缝里欢快地爬出来。虱子在不咬人的时候，倒不失为一种可爱的动物。它使 我不感到那么孤独与贫穷一还有种活生生的东西在抚摸我!我身上还养着点什么! 大车在丁字路口拐了弯，走上另一条南北向的布满车辙的土路。这时我才发现其他几 个人并不象我一样呆呆地跟着大车走，都不见了。回头望去，他们在水稻田后面的一档田 里低头寻找着什么，那模样仿佛在苦苦地默记一篇难懂的古文。糟糕!我的近视眼总使我 行动非常迟缓。他们一定发现了可以吃的东西。 我分开枯败的芦苇，越过一条渠，一条沟，尽我最大的努力急走过去时，“营业部主任” 正拿着一个黄萝卜，一面用随身带的小刀刮着泥，一面斜睨着我，自满自得地哼哼唧唧： “祖宗有灵啊”Translate the following into Chinese：（20） Since the earliest times in England，the travellers inn has always been a warm and hospitableplace，a gathering place for voyagers to rest and recoverThe tireless landlord，the local customers sharing drinks and food，the welcoming atmosphere，have all become part of the legend of the typi-cal English country and city life. In later centuries, the English tavern took on the role of commu- nity gathrering place, being the location where friendly chatter and fierce social debate mixed with business discussions, and food, wine, beer and coffee were consumed as the noise of convivial ex- changes rose. In modern times, the English pub often continues to function as the communal meeting place, especially for people whose homes are too small to entertain any number of guests or friends. In many Asian countries, the local restaurant serves a similar social function. In Ireland, the pub has acted as a central attraction for poorer villagers in the rural areas, and as a literary and social focus in the cities. In keeping with the socialble nature of pub gatherings, music as well as talk has become a central part of this institution in Ireland. Now people around the world are able to experience the friendly nature of the Irish pub, which follows in the wake of its English equivalent as a welcome and growing expert. English pubs have been found in America, in parts of Europe and throughout the world where English pub is witnessing an outburst of international popularity as westerns turn away from their television and computer screens and seek to put a human face to their social contacts. They are finding it in the bars and corners of Irish pubs where Guinness stout, the Irish national drink, is available in the tall dark creamy pint glasses and Irish music is the regular fare. An international representative for the Irish manufacturers of Jamesons whiskey, Patrick Mc- Carville, points out that while the world has been laughing at Irish jokes (a stereotype of the Irish way of life), the Irish have been quietly carrying out an economic coup which is seen in the evidence of the explosion of Irish pubs. V. Write a composition of about 400 words under the title: （20%） Man and His Environment Key I. A. 1. market 2. Visit 3. produces 4. gibe 5. timeless 6. shrewd 7. harsh 8. happiness 9. acquired 10. limp B. 1. Glare indicates strong, fierce, unpleasant light while brightness may bear the meaning of being pleasantly bright. 2. Huge is a rather general term indicating extreme largeness, usually in size, bulk or ca- pacity and large may be preferred when dimensions, or extent, or capacity or quantity, or amount is being considered. 3. Accuse is typically immediate and personal and often suggests directness or sharpness of imputation on censure and charge frequently connotes seriousness in the offense and formality in the declaration. 4. Common implies the lack of distinguishing, conspicuous, or exceptional qualities and popular more often stresses the implication of widespread prevalence, currency, or favor among the people. 5. Complex: Something is complex which is made up of so many different interrelated or in- teracting parts or elements that it requires deep study or expert knowledge to deal with it. Complicated: Something is complicated which is so complex that it is exceedingly difficult to understand, solve, explain, or deal with. II . 1. spice, present, outside, mainly, restricted 2. concerning, enters, obviously, distant, practical 3. taste, Truly, practice, abandon 4. Nationalism, understand, resist, forget, bound, signifiesIII. This is, to be exact, just the boundary of the farm on which we are approaching for employ- ments and which is still far away from residential areas. Now we can, at least, see no houses gazing at the distance. This farm and the reforming-throuth- labor one is cut off only by a ditch. But setting off at nine in the morning the carriage has just drawn here. It is over mid- day judging from the sun in the sough. The fields here share no difference from those over the ditch and neither the sky does. However the ditch stands as the boundaryline between freedom and non-freedom. On both sides of the carriage road are rice fields. The rice stubble is very high and hairy. One can, on the weary first sight, realize that it is done with dull sickles. Do the farm workers appear as lazy as us and fail to sharpen their sickles? Anyhow what I pity is not all this but the lack of corn fields on both sides of the road. Some small corns left might be found if their is some corn field. What a pity! Here there is no corn field. Warm is the sunshineA fog has been rising from the foot o f the west mountain like that On fine days and has painted the sawtooth-like mountain tops with unexceptional soft white- nessCloudless，the blue skies have covered boundless fieldsAnd the blue color of the skies have gradationsFrom the beginning the color becomes lighter and lighter and to the remotest places borders on the horizen，a cloud of blue smokeThe open fields under the skies look brightly yellowNow I am feeling softly itchingHaving been warmed up louses have taken to crawling out cheerfully from the clothing stitchesThey are lovely animals while not biting, which have made me feel not so lonely and so pooranyway some living things fondling me! And l have raised something with me The carriage has taken a turn at a T crossing and moved onto a south-north-direction dirt- roadUp till now l have discovered that a11 the others，unlike me，have failed to follow the carriage and disappearedLooking back l have