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TheMusculoskeletalSystem Thecontent Lowerextremities Cranium Upperextremities Torso cranium Themostcomlicatedpartoftheskeletalsystem FUNCTIONS supportthefaceprotectthebrain TWOPARTS skull 颅骨 submaxilla 下颌骨 brainbox 脑颅 8visceralcranium 面颅 14auditoryossicles 听小骨 6tonguebone 舌骨 1 easybroken 5465yearsago哈尔滨 针孔相机 50millionpounds Upperextremities 肱骨 尺骨 桡骨 腕骨 掌骨 近节指骨 中节指骨 远节指骨 肱二头肌 肱肌 肱三头肌 肱桡肌 指屈肌 指伸肌 Torso Torsoismadeupof24vertebrae 椎骨 1sacrum 骶骨 1coccyx 尾骨 1sternum 胸骨 24ribs 肋骨 HumanBeing sLowerextremities Thelowerextremityiscomposedofthebonesofthethigh 大腿 leg foot andthepatella p tel 髌骨 commonlyknownasthekneecap SoleusMuscle比目鱼肌Meniscus mi nisk s 半月板 TwoSpecialPartofHumanBeing sLowerextremities soleusmuscle 比目鱼肌 sole 比目鱼 Itsnameisderivedfromthesolefishwhoseshapeitresembles soleusmuscle IntroductionItrunsfromjustbelowthekneetotheheel andisinvolvedinstandingandwalking Thesoleusislocatedinthesuperficialposteriorcompartmentoftheleg Notallmammalshaveasoleusmuscle onefamiliarspeciesthatlacksthesoleusisthedog TheFunctionofTheSoleusMuscle Thesoleusmusclespecificallyplaysanimportantroleinstanding ifnotforitsconstantpull thebodywouldfallforward Also inuprightposture itisresponsibleforpumpingvenous vi n s bloodbackintotheheartfromthe p rif ri 边缘 andisoftencalledtheperipheralheartorthesural sjur l 腓肠的 tricipital pump 腓泵 Meniscus半月板 Introduction Therearetwomenisciinpeople sknee eachrestsbetweenthethighbone femur股骨 andshinbone tibia胫骨 Themenisciaremadeoftoughcartilageandconformtothesurfacesofthebones Onemeniscusisontheinsideofyourknee thisisthemedialmeniscus Theothermeniscusrestsontheoutsideofyourknee thelateralmeniscus Thebasicfunctionofthemeniscusisshockabsorption andmeniscuscartilagealsoactsinotherways suchasprovidingaroleinkneestability andadditionalnutritionofthesurfacecartilage TheFunctionofTheMeniscus TornMeniscus 半月板撕裂 WhatisaTornMeniscus Atornmeniscusoccurswhenthesepiecesofcartilagetear 软骨撕裂 andareinjuredusuallyduringmovementsthatforcefullyrotatethekneewhilebearingweight Apartialortotaltearofameniscussometimesoccursifanathletequicklytwistsorrotatestheupperlegwhilethefootisfirmlyplanted Thisoftenoccursinfieldsportssuchassoccerandfootball TreatingaTornMeniscus Ifthetearisminorandthepainandothersymptomsresolvequickly musclestrengtheningexercisesmaybeallthat sneededtorecoverfully Alargemeniscustearthatcausessymptomsormechanicalproblemswiththefunctionofthekneejointmayrequirearthroscopic 关节镜 surgeryforrepair Inthisprocedure asmallcameraisinsertedintothejointthroughasmallincision whilesurgicalinstrumentsareinserted

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