GCT英语核心词汇 解析(四).doc

GCT英语核心词汇 解析(四)121 grosstotalExclusive of deductions; total: 总的不从中扣除的；总的：gross profits.毛利See: wholeUnmitigated in any way; utter: 十足的在各方面都很完全的；纯粹的：gross imcompetence.十足的无能Glaringly obvious; flagrant: 公然的十分明显的；罪恶昭著的：gross injustice.公然的非正义行为Broad; general:大致的，总括的：the gross outlines of a plan.一项计划的大概的要点gross总的；全部的gross domestic product (GDP)国内生产总值 122 guide vt领路；带领They guided us to the office. 他们带领我们到了办公室。领导；引导；指导 影响；支配；操纵Be guided by your feeling. 按你的感觉行事。n向导；导游 ；指南；指导a Guide to English Grammar 英语语法指南旅游指南 (= guide book) a shoppers guide.购物指南说明书guide, conduct, lead, steer作为动词在一起比较的一般含义是“领”、“导”或“引”。guide(抽象名词guidance，具体名词guide“向导”)是通用词，可以用于“为别人带路”、“指导别人的学习、品行修养”，它的内涵是避免走弯路或遇到危险Thousands of lanterns slowly drift out to sea guiding the dead on their return journery to the other world. 数千只灯笼慢慢向大海漂去，给死人返回阴间指明道路。guided me to my seat; 带我到我的座位上去；He is now studying under the guidance of Professor Green. 他现在正在格林教授的指导下学习。而conduct(抽象名词conductance“传导力”，具体名词conductor“向导者”，公共汽车等的“售票员”)在表示“指导”、“引导”时含有明显的主从关系，即被引导者不服从是不可以的The policeman eventually had his hands tied up and conducted him to a shelter. 警察最后把他的双手绑了起来并把他带到一个防空洞。Do you prefer conducted tours or independent travel? 你是喜欢导游还是喜欢独立地去旅行？lead(抽象名词leadership“领导”，具体名词leader“领袖”、“领队”)可以表示“领导”、“带路”，但它总含有领导者走在前面，而把被领导者控制在自己的权威之下，或被领导者处于秩序井然的状态中的意思led the troops into battle; 率领军队投入战斗；Our guide led us through a series of caves. 我们的向导带领着我们穿过一个接一个的洞穴。steer(抽象名词steerage“操纵”，具体名词steersman“舵手”)一般表示“驾驶”、“掌舵”，但常用于比喻，词义引伸后有“操纵”、“指导”的意思。尤其适用于表示“指导着度过难关”的意义steered the applicant to the proper department; 引领求职者到应到的部门；The Cutty Sark rolled from side to side and it became impossible to steer her. 卡蒂萨克号左右摇晃着，驾驶这只船是不可能的了。Soon the country will be steered to peace and prosperity. 这个国家很快便会被带入和平与繁荣之境。a teacher piloting his pupils through the museum; 老师带领学生参观博物馆；shepherding tourists to the chartered bus; 带领游客到租订的汽车；ushering a visitor out.陪来访者出去。123 harness (=make use of)利用 天然力使产生动力to harness a river to make electricity 利用河流发电Some scientists are working hard at how tide can be harnessed to produce electricity.有些科学家正在努力研究怎样利用潮汐发电harness a waterfall利用瀑布产生动力124 haste hurryn急速；匆忙，仓促In my haste I forgot my coat. 我在匆忙中忘了我的外套。Make haste to come. 快来。Marry in haste and repent at leisure.(谚)草率结婚后悔多。Why all this haste?为什么这么匆忙?More haste less speed.欲速则不达。haste hurry speed 都含“快速”、“快”的意思。haste指“ 急速的行动”, 其原因可能是环境压力, 也可能是强烈的愿望, 如:She made haste to tell her mother the good news.她赶快将好消息告诉她母亲。hurry指“仓促忙乱的动作”, 如:the hurry of city life忙乱的城市生活。worked systematically but without hurry; 有条不紊地工作；speed 指“快速的动作”, 暗指“不忙乱、有效率”, 如:increase the speed of an assembly line提高装配线的速度。125 hazard dangern. 危险；冒险；公害A chance of being injured or harmed; danger: 意外，危险受伤或受损的可能性；危险：Space travel is full of hazards.太空旅行充满危险A possible source of danger:可能的危险之源：a fire hazard.一个潜在的火灾源a hazard to health 对健康有危害There are many hazards in a journey across Africa. 穿越非洲的旅行有许多危险。His life was full of hazards.他的一生是充满着冒险的一生。vt冒险； 使遭受危险Rock-climbers sometimes hazard their lives. 攀登岩石者有时要冒生命危险。He hazarded all his money to save the business.他孤注一掷,拿出了所有的钱来挽救企业。冒昧地说，大胆地说You may hazard a guess.你可以来大胆猜一下。126 hesitate hold back 犹豫；踌躇He hesitated before he answered because he didnt know what to say. 他在回答之前犹豫了一下，因为他不知道说什么。We do not hesitate to give our lives for our country, let alone suffer some hardships.我们不惜为国献身,更不必说吃点苦了。I hesitate to ask you, but will you lend me your car for a few days?我真不好意思向你开口,你能把汽车借给我用几天吗?Though she hesitated for a moment, she finally went in and asked to see a dress that was in the window.尽管她迟疑了片刻,但最后还是进了店,并且要求给她拿一件陈列在橱窗里的衣服看看。She hesitated over the choice between the two blouses for her daughter.这两件短恤衫她拿不定主意究竞挑哪一件给她女儿。hesitate at nothing毫不犹豫地做某事In case you need something, please dont hesitate to ask me.如果你需要什么东西, 请不客气地对我说。He who hesitates is lost.谚当断不断, 必受其患。Embarrassment caused me to hesitate.窘迫使得我(讲话)吞吞吐吐。127 hike walkAfter the hike to the river the soldiers camped for the night.战士们行军到那条河后便支起帐篷过夜。128 hobby pastime He works in a bank, but his hobby is building model boats. 他在银行工作，但他的业余爱好是做船舶模型。Any personal hobbies such as sports, music and collecting stamps never had a place in his life. (喻)任何一种个人的业余爱好,如体育活动,音乐,集邮等等在他的生活中从未有过地位。pastimeSailing is her favorite pastime.驾帆船是他最喜爱的娱乐活动Swimming is my favorite pastime. 游泳是我最喜欢的一种娱乐。recreation娱乐；消遣Football is the boys usual recreation after school. 踢足球是男孩子们放学后通常的娱乐活动。129 hostile very unfriendly Of, relating to, or characteristic of an enemy: 敌方的，敌对的敌人的，与敌人有关的，敌对性质的：hostile forces; hostile acts.敌对力量；敌对行动Feeling or showing enmity or ill will; antagonistic: 敌意的怀有敌意或恶意的，显示敌意或恶意的：a hostile remark.充满敌意的话Unfavorable to health or well-being; inhospitable or adverse: 不利的不利于健康或幸福的；不适宜的或有害的：a hostile climate.恶劣气候Ever since I got better marks than Parker, he has been hostile to me. 自从我比派克得分高以后，他就对我不友好了。Amiablefriendly130 humid damp潮湿的131 identical same asadj同一的；同样的We are identical in our views of what should be done. 我们双方对应当怎么办的看法是一致的。This is the identical hotel that we stayed in last year.这就是我们去年住过的那家旅馆。These two designs are almost identical. 这两种式样几乎完全相同。（常与with连用）完全相同的My opinion is identical with his.我的意见和他的意见相同。identical twins同卵双生The handwriting on both cheques is identical.两张支票上的笔迹完全相同。The opinions are identical.意见完全一致。(be)identical in在.方面是相同的These T-shirts are identical in color. 这些体恤衫在颜色上完全一致。(be) identical with和.完全相同, 和.一致A is identical with B.A 和B 完全相同。My opinion is identical with his.132 idlelazyadj停顿的；不工作的；不做事的；空闲的Men are left idle when machines break down. 机器坏了时，工人们便无事可做了。懒惰的Her ex-husband is really idle. 她的前夫真的很懒。无用的；无价值的Dont listen to idle tales. 别听无用的闲话。It would be idle to argue further. 再辩论下去也不会有什么效果。（useless）无因的；无由的idle fears 无端的恐惧 His words were just idle threats; You dont have to take them too seriously.他的话只不过是吓人的空话,你不必太认真了。vi不做事；游手好闲idling in the park 在公园里闲逛（发动机）怠速转动，怠速运转 （与away连用）消磨时间idling away the hours 消磨时光133 ignore neglect不理睬；忽视I tried to tell her but she ignored me. 我打算告诉她，可是她不理睬我。Ignore the child if he misbehaves, and hell soon stop.小孩不乖时,别去理他,不久他就会不闹了。n无知；愚昧His ignorance is surprising. 他的无知令人吃惊。Ignorance of the law is no excuse.不懂法律不能成为借口。We are in complete ignorance of his plans.我们完全不知道他的计划。134 illustrate 加插图The book was illustrated with color photographs. 这本书配上了彩色照片。 举例说明The speaker said he would endeavor to illustrate. 演讲人说他将设法举例说明。His story illustrates her true generosity very clearly.他所说的事很清楚地说明了她确实慷慨大方。demonstrate135 immense hugeadj极大的He made an immense amount of money in business. 他在生意中赚了一大笔钱。The government will be building new hotels, an immense stadium, and a fine new swimming pool.政府打算建造许多新的旅馆,一个巨大的露天运动场和一个漂亮的新游泳池。an immense improvement巨大的改进The performance was immense.演出好极了。Big huge large giant great136 infer deduce推断；推知；推论to infer an unknown fact from a known fact 从已知的事实推断出未知的事实 I infer from your letter that you have not made up your mind yet.我从你信中推想,你还没有下决心。意味着Ragged clothing infers poverty.破衣烂衫意味着贫穷。infer deduce conclude judge gather 都含“推断”, “结论”、“推论”的意思。infer 指“由已知的事实或信念进行推理而得出(结论)”, 如:From your smile I infer that youre pleased.从你的笑容, 我断定你很高兴。deduce 指“根据充分证据或从一般原则进行逻辑推理而推出”, 如:The method was deduced from experiments .这个方法是经过实验推论出来的。conclude 指“由已知事实或信念预期或推导出必要的结果、意见、概念等”, 如:From the evidence I must conclude that youare wrong.从证据看, 我敢断定你错了。judge强调“对前提进行衡量和核对以作出判断”, 如:I cant judge whether she is right or wrong.我不能断定她是对还是错。gather是非正式用语, 指“由已知的事实或言行中得出(想象、想法等)”, 可与 infer, conclude互换, 如:I gather from his words that he is angry.根据他的话来推测, 他生气了。137 inevitable unavoidableadj.不可避免的; 无法避免的; 必然(发生)的老一套的; 照例必有的; 惯常的合情合理的; 逼真的the inevitable course of history历史的必由之路Death is inevitable.死是不可避免的。Mary was wearing her inevitable large hat.玛丽戴着她总是戴的那顶大帽子。unavoidable138 infect poison139 inherit acquire from140 instinct intuition 141 intense severe142 intimate very friendly143 jam slowdown144 justice fairness145 knit weave146 lack shortage147 lengthen make longer148 liable likely 149 liberate free150 maintain retain151 manual by hand152 manufacture make, produce153 mature full-grown154 mend fix, repair155 mission task156 moist damp157 monoply158 mortgage159 mutual interactive 160 neutral impartial161 nourish raise162 numerous very many163 nurture cultivate164 obligation commitment 165 oblige force166 obstacle 167 obtain acquire168 offend hurt , injure169 omit leave out 170 optional voluntary 171 optimisticfull of hope172 output production173 pack compact 174 partial being a part175 passive inactive 176 perceive sense, feel 177 permanent everlasting178 permit allow 179 phase stage180 pledge promise181 plunge jump182 postpone delay183 praise speak highly of184 predict forecast 185 premium bonus186 precious valuable187 prevail be better than188 prompt swift189 prosecute sue sb.190 qualify meet requirements for191 quit give up192 rage very angry193 reassure make sb. ease194 rebel be agaisnt195 reckon think196 recover re-obtain 197 recreation entertainment 198 reform make better199 reinforce strengthen200 reject refuse201 rescuesave202 resign withdraw from 203 resistfight against 204 restrict limit205 retain maintain 206 revise modify207 reverse turn back 208 rival compete with209 rush haste 210 scan skim211 scarce rare212 seize grasp 213 segment part214 separate divide 215 sequence outcome216 shallow not deep217 shrink draw back218 shift change 219 situated located220 slender slim 221 smash break222 specify list in detail223 spin turn round224 stare gaze at225 starve go hungry 226 stem from come from227 stern strict22