(珍藏版)_动词时态和语态(

高考语法复习系列二 动词时态和语态 一 一般现在时态 1 一般用法 1 表示现在经常性或习惯性的动作 常与表示频度的时间状语连用 时间状语 every sometimes at onSunday e g Heoftengoestothecinema 2 表示现在的能力 特征 职业等 e g Hesingswell 能力 3 表示客观真理 科学事实 格言以及不受时间限制的客观存在的事实 e g Knowledgeispower 客观真理 2 特别用法 1 主句是将来时态或表示将来意义 时间状语从句和条件状语从句须用一般现在时表将来 e g I llwritetoherwhenIhavetime 2 让步状语从句和方式状语从句用一般现在时表将来 e g Whetheryouhelphimornot hewillfail NexttimeI lldoashesays 3 表示按规定 时间表 计划或安排要发生的动作 用一般现在时表将来 e g Thetrainleavesat12 00 二 一般过去时态 did式 1 基本用法 1 表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态 时间状语有 yesterday lastweek anhourago theotherday in1982等Heboughtthecomputerfiveyearsago 2 表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作 e g Weoftenplayedtogetherwhenwewerechildren 注 表示过去习惯性的动作 可用would usedto e g Heusedtogotoworkbybus 2 特别用法 过去时表示现在 表示委婉语气 1 动词want hope wonder think intend等 Iwonderedifyoucouldhelpme 能不能帮我一下 2 情态动词could would e g Couldyoulendmeyourbike 能借用一下你的自行车吗 三 一般将来时 will shall do 1 will表示没有经过事先考虑 而是在说话的时候才决定做某事 e g Youforgettoclosethedoor Oh I llcloseitatonce will表意愿Nowifyouwilltakeoffyourclothes wewillfitthenewclothesonyouinfrontofthemirror 2 begoingto 不定式 表示将来 主语的意图 即将做某事 e g Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow 明天打算作什么呢 b 计划 安排要发生的事 e g Theplayisgoingtobeproducednextmonth 这出戏下月开播 c 有迹象要发生的事 e g Lookatthedarkclouds thereisgoingtobeastorm 看那乌云 快要下雨了 3 be 不定式表将来 按计划或安排将发生的事 命中注定的事 命令 e g WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday 我们下星期六讨论这份报告 4 beaboutto 不定式 意为马上做某事 e g HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing 他马上要去北京 注意 beabouttodo不能与tomorrow nextweek等表示明确将来的时间状语连用 5 bedueto与时间表 旅行计划等有关 e g Thetrainisduetoleaveat7 00 四 现在完成时 have has p p 1 基本用法 1 影响性用法 表示一个动作发生在过去 已经完成 且对现在造成影响或结果 e g Hehasleftthecity 结果 他不在这个城市 Someonehasbrokenthewindow 结果 窗户仍破着 2 持续性用法 表示一个动作从过去持续到现在 且可能继续持续下去或可能到此结束 e g Wehavebeenbusythisafternoon 2 用现在完成时的典型场合 1 since 过去时间 或 since接that从句 从句中用一般过去时 则句中用现在完成时 e g Ihaven tseenhersincelastweek WherehaveyoubeensinceIlastsawyou 2 句中有sofar in for during thepast last years months uptonow untilnowe g Sofartherehasbeennonews 3 It This Thatisthefirst second third time that从句 或 It This Thatistheonly that从句 或 It This Thatisthe 最高级 that从句 e g It This ThatisthefirsttimethatIhavecometoZhejiang It This ThatistheonlypartythatIhaveeverreallyenjoyedinmylife It This ThatisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverread 注 以上句型把is改为was 则从句时态相应改为过去完成时态 3 现在完成时与一般过去时态的区别 1 现在完成时强调对现在的影响或结果 而一般过去时态强调这一个动作发生的时间是过去 2 一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用 而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用 或无时间状语 一般过去时的时间状语 yesterday lastweek ago in1980 inOctober justnow等 皆为具体的时间状语 现在完成时的时间状语 for since sofar ever never just yet till until uptonow inpastyears always等 皆不确定的时间状语 共同的时间状语 thismorning tonight thisApril now already recently lately等 e g I velivedherefortenyears 现在仍住在这儿 Ilivedherefortenyears 现在不住在这儿 Hehasboughtahouse 现在已拥有这房子 Heboughtahouse 现在拥不拥有这房子 不知道 只是知道买了房子 现在可能拥有也可能卖掉了 五 现在完成进行时 have hasbeenv ing 1 一般用法 表示现在以前一段时间里一直在进行的动作 这一动作可能仍在进行 也可能已停止 e g Ithasbeenrainingsincetwodaysago Isn tithardtodrivedowntowntowork Yes that swhyI toworkbytrain havebeengoinghavegonewasgoingtowillhavegone 六 过去完成时 had p p 1 表示过去的过去时间状语before by until when after once e g Ihadhardlyopenedthedoorwhenhehitme 用好过去完成时 关键在于理解它的时间是 过去的过去 2 want think hope plan mean expect intend suppose等动词的过去完成时 不定式的一般式 等于这些动词的一般过去式后接不定式的完成式 表示过去未曾实现的愿望 打算 想法等e g Ihadmeanttocome butsomethinghappened Imeanttohavecome butsomethinghappened Ihadintendedtospeakatthemeeting buttimedidn tpermit Iintendedtohavespokenatthemeeting buttimedidn tpermit 3 一些特殊句型中的过去完成时 1 It This Thatwasthefirst second third time that从句 或 It This Thatwastheonly that从句 或 It This Thatwasthe 最高级 that从句 2 by theendof bythetime 过去时间 e g Wehadlearnt3 000wordsbytheendoflastterm Bythetimehecameback wehadrepairedthemachine 3 nosooner than hardly scarcely when Nosoonerhadhegonetothegardenthanhissonwenttoplaywithhisclassmates Hardlyhadheheardthenewswhenhecried 七 将来完成时 will shall have p p 1 表示到将来某一时间为止会完成的动作 e g Whenwegetthere she llhavegonetowork 2 by theendof 将来时间 e g Wewillhavelearnt3 000wordsbytheendofnextterm Bythetimehecomesback wewillhaverepairedthemachine 3 与用一般现在时态表示将来一样 时间状语从句和条件状语从句须用现在完成时表将来 e g I llgowithyouwhenIhavefinishedmywork 等我完成工作以后我就同你去 八 现在进行时 be v ing 1 表示现在 指说话人说话时 正在发生的事情 e g We rehavingameeting 说话时正在进行的动作 2 表示现阶段正在进行的动作或表示长期的或重复性的动作 说话时动作未必正在进行 Heisteachinginaschool 目前这个阶段正在进行的动作 3 现在进行时表示将来 表示按计划或安排要发生的动作 e g I mleavingtomorrow 4 现在进行时与always forever constantly continuously等连用 表示满意 称赞 惊讶 厌恶等感情色彩 e g She salwayshelpingothers 5 动词be的现在进行时 表示一时的表现或暂时的状态 e g Sheisfoolish 生性如此 Sheisbeingfoolish 一时的表现 能这样用的形容词多为angry careful clever stupid kind brave friendly rude polite等动态形容词 不用进行时的动词1 表示事实状态的动词 如have belong possess cost owe exist include contain matter weigh measure continue等 例如 Ihavetwobrothers 我有两兄弟 Thishousebelongstomysister 这房子是我姐的 2 表示心理状态 情感的动词 如know realize think see believe suppose imagine agree recognize remember want need forget prefer mean understand love hate等 例如 Ineedyourhelp 我需要你的帮助 Helovesherverymuch 他爱她很深 3 瞬间动词 如accept receive complete finish give allow decide refuse等 例如 Iacceptyouradvice 我接受你的劝告 4 系动词 如seem remain lie see hear smell feel taste 等 例如 Youseemalittletired 你看上去有点累 九 过去进行时 was were v ing 1 表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作 HewasplayingwhileIwasstudying Hey lookwhereyouaregoing Oh I mterriblysorry A I mnotnoticingB Iwasn tnoticingC Ihaven tnoticeD Idon tnotice 十 将来进行时 will shall be v ing 1 基本用法 表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作 e g WhenIgethomeat9 00tomorrow mysonwillbewatchingTV Isn tithardtodrivedowntowntowork Yes that swhyI toworkbytrain havebeengoinghavegonewasgoingtowillhavegone 语态被动语态的构成方式 be get 过去分词注意1 主动变被动时 宾补成主补 位置不变 作补语的 不定式前需加to Thebossmadehimworkalldaylong Hewasmadetoworkalldaylong bytheboss 2 短语动词变被动语态时 勿要掉 尾巴 Yourpronunciationshouldbepaidattentionto 3 当句子的谓语为say believe expect think know write consider report等时 被动语态有两种形式 A 谓语动词用被动语态 动词不定式作主补 B 用it作形式主语 真正的主语在后面用从句来表示 如 Heissaidtobeasmartboy Itissaidthatheisasmartboy 不用被动语态的情况1 不及物动词或不及物动词短语无被动语态 例如 错 Thepricehasbeenrisen 对 Thepricehasrisen 错 Thepricehasraised 对 Thepricehasbeenraised 错 Pleaseseat 对 Pleasebeseated 要想正确地使用被动语态 就须注意哪些动词是及物的 哪些是不及物的 2 系动词无被动语态 如appear be become fall feel get grow keep look remain seem smell sound stay taste turn等 例如 Itsoundsgood 听上去不错 主动形式表示被动意义1 表示主语特征 状态的动词wash clean cook iron look cut sell read wear feel draw write sell等 例如 Thebooksellswell 这本书销路好 2 betoblame 受谴责 betorent 出租 也用主动形式表被动 例如 Iwastoblamefortheaccident 事故发生了 我该受指责 3 在need require want worth 形容词 deserve后例如 Thedoorneedsrepairing Thedoorneedstoberepaired 门该修了 4 在 be 形容词 todo 中 不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语 用主动代被动 Thiskindofwaterisn tfittodrink Thegirlisn teasytogetalongwith 5 用来做定语和被修饰的名词有动宾关系 又和另一名词或代词有主谓关系的动词不定式 Ihavesomethingtotellyou 1 SinceIwonthebigprize mytelephonehasn tstoppedringing People toaskhowIamgoingtospendthemoney phoneB willphoneC werephoningD arephoning2 I msorry butyouarefined 50 Youknowyou 120kmanhour don tyou A aredrivingB weredrivingC havedrivenD haddriven D B 3 They ontheprogramforalmostoneweekbeforeIjoinedthem andnowwe onitasnogoodresultshavecomeoutsofar A hadbeenworking arestillworkingB hadworked werestillworkingC havebeenworking haveworkedD haveworked arestillworking A 4 Youaredrinkingtoomuch Onlyathome Noone mebutyou isseeingB hadseenC seesD saw5 Thefirstuseofatomicweaponswasin1945 andtheirpower increasedenormouslyeversince A isB wasC hasbeenD hadbeen6 WhoisJerryCooper Isawyoushakinghandswithhimatthemeeting A Don tyoumeethimyetB Hadn tyoumethimyetC Didn tyoumeethimyetD Haven tyoumethimyet c C D 7 BythetimeJanegetshome heraunt forLondontoattendameeting A willleaveB leavesC willhaveleftD left8 Thecrazyfans patientlyfortwohours andtheywouldwaittillthemoviestararrived A werewaitingB hadbeenwaitingC hadwaitedD wouldwait9 IhearJaneshasgonetotheHolyIslandforherholiday Oh hownice Doyouknowwhenshe A wasleavingB hadleftC hasleftD left C B D 10 Idon tknowifhe Ifhe I llletyouknow A willcome willcomeB comes comesC willcome comesD comes willcome11 Katehascomebackhomefromherlongholidaysabroad Oh really I visither A didn tknow I llgoandB don tknow I llgoandC don tknow I mgoingtoD didn tknow I mgoingto C A 12 Ireallydon tthinkkettywillmindit butyou dbettergoandseeherincaseshe A doesB doC willmindD hasminded13 Howaretheteamplaying Theyareplayingwell butoneofthem hurt A gotB getsC areD were14 Don tdisturbher She lettersallthemorningandhasfinishedeight A waswritingB haswrittenC hasbeenwritingD wrote A A C 15 Inmyopinion allMr White goodtohisstudentsinhisclassatpresent Heisverystrictintheirstudy A doesdoesdoesB doesdodoC doesdoesdoD diddodoes16 Theyintendtogoonwiththeexperimentuntil10o clocktomorrowmorning andbythenthey for22hours A areworkingB havebeenworkingC willbeworkingD willhavebeenworking17 Becareful Don tgettheorangejuiceonyourshirt forit A isn twashingoutB won tbewashedoutC Isn twashedoutD won twashout C D D 18 Thewater coolwhenIjumpedintothepoolformorningexercise A wasfeltB isfeltC feltD feels19 Oh whereismywallet MaybeIleftitinthecar You thingsbehind A arealwaysleavingB wereleavingC haveleftD alwaysleave20 Mybrother homefortwoyearsandwehaven theardfromhimeversincehe A hasleft leftB hasbeenaway wasawayC hasbeenawayfrom leftD left wasaway C A C 22MyformerEnglishteacher who inourschoolforover20years nowlivesinhishometown A hasworkedB workedC hadworkedD works23 Thenotice Nosmoking A istoldB readsC tellsD isread24 Youlooktired Yes I non stopuntil8o clock A hadworkedB hadbeenworkingC haveworkedD wasworking B B D 25 You dbetternotcallMr Greenbetween7and8thisevening forhe animportanttalkthen willhaveB wouldhaveC willbehavingD willhavehad C 08高考 动词时态 语态01 08全国卷I 27 HaveyouknownDr Jacksonforalongtime Yes sinceshe theChineseSociety A hasjoinedB joinsC hadjoinedD joined02 08全国卷I 29 Thewetweatherwillcontinuetomorrowwhenacoldfront toarrive A isexpectedB isexpectingC expectsD willbeexpected03 08全国卷II 11 Iftheweatherhadbeenbetter wecouldhavehadapicnic Butit allday A rainedB rainsC hasrainedD israining D A A 04 08全国卷II 14 Iftheirmarketingplanssucceed they theirsalesby20percent A willincreaseB havebeenincreasingC haveincreasedD wouldbeincreasing05 08北京卷 21 Johnpromisedhisdoctorhe notsmoke andhehasnotsmokedeversince A mightB shouldC couldD would 06 08北京卷 22 HaveyoureadbookcalledWaitingforAnya Who it A writesB haswrittenC wroteD hadwritten07 08北京卷 27 Thehotelwasn tparticularlygood ButI inmanyworsehotels A wasstayingB stayedC wouldstayD hadstayed A D C D 08 08北京卷 29 Nodecision aboutanyfutureappointmentuntilallthecandidateshavebeeninterviewed A willbemadeB ismadeC isbeingmadeD hasbeenmade09 08上海春卷 29 Populationexpertspredictthatmostpeople incitiesinthenearfutureliveB wouldliveC willliveD havelived10 08上海春卷 31 Officialssaythatfewpatients withthevirusowingtotheeffectivepreventioninfectedB areinfectedC haveinfectedD beinfected A C B 11 08上海卷 28 DoyouknowifTerrywillgocampingthisweekend Terry Never She tentsandfreshair A hashatedB hatedC willhateD hates12 08上海卷 32 Inrecentyearsmanyfootballclubs asbusinesstomakeaprofit A haverunB havebeenrunC hadbeenrunD willrun13 08天津卷 14 He footballregularlyformanyyearswhenhewasyoung A wasplayingB playedC hasplayedD hadplayed D B B 14 08重庆卷 23 JudyisgoingtomarrythesailorsheinRomelastyear A meetsB metC hasmetD wouldmeet15 08重庆卷 31 HeasanationalheroforwinningthefirstgoldmedalforhiscountryintheOlympics A regardedB wasregardedC hasregardedD hadbeenregarded16 08重庆卷 35 Teenagerstheirhealthbecausetheyplaycomputergamestoomuch A havedamagedB aredamagingC damagedD willdamage B B B 17 08辽宁卷 23 Wefirstmetonatrainin2000 Webothfeltimmediatelythatwe eachotherforyears A knewB haveknownC hadknownD know18 08辽宁卷 29 Haveyougotanyjoboffers No I A waitedB hadbeenwaitingC havewaitedD amwaiting19 08山东卷 25 Bythetimeherealizeshe intoatrap it llbetoolateforhimtodoanythingaboutit A walksB walkedC haswalkedD hadwalked C D C 20 08江苏卷 33 I msureAndrewwillwinthefirstprizeinthefinal Ithinkso He foritformonths A ispreparingB waspreparingC hadbeenpreparingD hasbeenpreparing21 08江西卷 32 Doyouthinkweshouldacceptthatoffer Yes