Unit 17 Laughter.doc

43Unit 17 Laughter课标导航话题：Talk about humor and telling jokes and anecdote功能：Tell jokes and reacting重点单词：laughter n. 笑，笑声 cackle n. & vi. 咯咯声，咯咯笑 giggle vi. 咯咯地笑 ironic adj. 讽刺的 smack vi. 用掌击，拍打 willpower n. 毅力，意志力proverbial adj. 谚语的，格言的 withdraw vt. 取回，提取 delay vt. 耽搁，延迟passenger n. 乘客，旅客 board vt. 上（车、船等） agent n. 代理人witty adj. 富于机智的，诙谐的 master n. 主人；大师 devote vt. 献身于，专心致志于footstep n. 脚步 cross-talk n. 相声 heaven n. 天空；天堂 minor adj. 主要的glory n. 荣誉，光荣 compose vt. 组成，写作 broadcast n.& vi., vt. 广播，播送part-time adj. 兼职的 scratch n. 划痕，抓伤 comic adj. 滑稽的，好笑的cling vi. 粘紧，附着，紧贴 clutch vi. 抓住，攫取 emerge vi. 显现，浮现，暴露faint vi.& n. 晕，昏倒 grasp vt. & n. 抓住，掌握，领会 redden vt. （使）变红slide vi. （使）滑动，（使）滑行 tremble n. & vi. 战栗，颤抖 pale adj. 苍白的exclaim vt., vi. 惊叫，呼喊 delight n. 快乐，高兴，喜悦 assistance n. 协助，援助slippery adj. 滑的，光滑的 violently adv. 猛烈地，激烈地 depressed adj. 沮丧的uncommon adj. 不凡的，罕有的 unaware adj. 不知道的，没觉察到的 ghastly adj. 苍白的，死人般的，可怕的 gasp vi & n. （因害怕或惊讶突然急促地）喘息，喘气 affectionately adv. 挚爱地，亲切地 innocently adv. 无罪地，纯洁地considerable adj. 相当的 spectator n. 观众，旁观者 beneath adv. & prep. 在之下crack vt. 说（笑话），（使）破裂，（使）爆裂 n. 裂缝，劈啪声 anecdote n. 轶事，奇闻 drug vi. 吸毒tide n. 潮，潮汐，潮流 advance vt., vi. 前进，增进 bow n. 弓 arrow n. 箭loose adj. 宽松的 loosen vt. 解开，放松 string n. 线，细绳 stick vt. 插入，刺入，戳人 starve vt. & vi. 使饿死，饿死 yawn vi. & n. 打哈欠 mount vt. & vi. 爬山，攀登 psychiatrist n. 精神病医师，精神病学家 healing n. 康复，复原 associate vt. 使发生联系，使联合 major adj. 主要的 experimentation n. 实验（法） physiologic adj. 生理学的 opposition n. 反对，相反 eliminate vt. 排除，消除 wagon n. 四轮马车，货车 scheduled adj. 预定的 alongside adv. 在旁边 instant adj. 立即的，即时的 alertness n. 警戒，机敏 alert adj. 提防的，警惕的 Napoleon 拿破仑surgery n. 外科，手术室 cough n. & vi. 咳嗽 crisis n. 危机，难关 circus n. 马戏团，杂技团，杂技场重点短语：burst out laughing 突然大笑起来 fall about laughing 忍不住大笑 pull ones leg 愚弄某人 make fun of 取笑，嘲笑 keep to 坚持 go in for 参加，追求，从事dress up 盛装，打扮，伪装 make out 看清，识别，理解 get on 取得成功 crack up 使捧腹大笑 turn sb. off 对（某人）感到厌烦 go off sb 失去兴趣，不再喜欢 clear up 消除；放晴 lead a .life 过着.的生活 human being 人类 be stuck in 卡住不能动重点语法：1. the Past Perfect Continuous2. the Continuous and Simple Tenses知识梳理一 重点词汇精讲：1. withdraw （withdrew，withdrawn）vt. 取回，提取；撤回She withdrew all her savings and left her family.她把全部存款取了出来，就离家出走了。I insist that you should withdraw your offensive remarks immediately.我要求你必须立即收回那些过头的话。The general refused to withdraw his troops.那个将军拒绝撤回他的部队。【搭配与句型】withdraw sb./sth. from sth.从.撤回某人或某物withdraw from sb./ sth. 脱离某人或某物withdraw to/into 撤退到.He withdrew $1,000 from his account.他从帐户上提取了1，000美金。He had to withdraw halfway from the competition owing to his injury.由于受伤，他不得不中途退出比赛。The crowd withdrew to a safer place.人群撤退到更加安全的地方。He is unsociable and often withdraws into himself.他不好社交，经常离群索居。【词汇辨析】withdrawal n.收回；取回；撤回withdrawn adj. 不交际的，离群索居的draw back 撤回；取消（尤因无把握或不安）【活学活用】(1). More and more young people threaten to _ from the company if the board refuses to improve their working conditions.A. draw up B. draw back C. withdraw D. draw out【剖析】本题意为：如果董事会拒绝改善工作条件的话，越来越多的年轻人威胁要退出公司。draw up 表示“停车”；draw back 表示“取消，退回来”；draw out 表示“（指白天时间）渐长；鼓励；拖延”。【答案】C(2). He talked to us for half an hour and then _ .A. moved out B. drew out C. left out D. withdrew 【剖析】本题意为：他和我们谈了一个小时的话就走了。move out表示“搬出去”；leave out 表示“省略，去掉”； withdraw 表示“离开或脱离某人或某地”。【答案】D2. delay vt.,vi. & n. 耽搁，延迟；延误She delayed for two hours and missed the train.她耽搁了两个小时，把火车误了。We must delay our journey until the weather improves.我们必须把旅行推迟，等天气好转再说。Why have they delayed opening the school?他们为什么延期开学？There was a delay of two hours before the plane took off.飞机起飞推迟了两个小时。We must set out without any delay.我们必须立即出发。【搭配与句型】delay doing 推迟做某事delay.until/to 推迟到.without delay 毫不耽搁Our school meant to delay the sports meeting to/until next week.学校原本打算把运动会推迟到下周。Dont delay handing in your report or you might be blamed.不要耽搁了交报告，否则你可能要挨批的。【词汇辨析】put off sth./doing sth. 推迟、延缓（做）某事【活学活用】（1）.Tom and many other students were late for school for the school bus was _ by the traffic jams. A. stopped B. slowed C. prevented D. delayed 【剖析】本题意为：汤姆和许多其他学生上学迟到了，是因为校车被堵了好几次。stop和prevent表明“来不了”，slow只是“慢下来”，与交通堵塞联系不大。【答案】D（2）. Dont _ when I am trying to concentrate.A. put me off B. delay me C. put off me D. keep me out【剖析】本题意为：我正要集中注意力，别打扰我。put sb. off 打扰某人，使某人注意力不集中。put sth. off 关掉；推迟【答案】A 3. board vt. 上（船、火车、飞机、公共汽车等）；提供膳宿；用木板覆盖 n. 木板；布告牌；理事会，委员会I boarded the train at 8:30. 我是8：30上的火车。Flight BA193 for Paris is now boarding.乘飞往巴黎的BA193班机的旅客现在可以登机。She usually boards students during the college term. 她经常在学期中给学生提供膳宿。He boarded at my house until he found a flat.他找到公寓之前，在我家寄膳。All the windows were boarded up.所有窗子都用木板封起来了。【搭配与句型】on board 在船上、飞机上be/get/go/come on board 上（车、船、飞机、公共汽车）take sth. on board 承担（责任等）；承认（问题）As soon as I am on board, I feel sick.我一上船就感到恶心。There were over 200 passengers on board the plane.飞机上有200多位乘客。I left the railway station after she went on board the train.她上了火车后，我就离开了车站。【词汇辨析】broad adj. 宽阔的aboard adv. 在船（飞机、火车）上；上船（飞机、火车）abroad adv. 在国外，到国外【活学活用】(1) As soon as we _, our ship left the port. Which is wrong?A. went aboard B. went on board C. got on the ship D. went abroad【剖析】go abroad意为“到国外去”。其余均可表示上船。【答案】D（2）After all the passengers went _, the ship left.A. on the ship board B. on board the ship C. aboard the ship D. abroad the ship 【剖析】on board是复合介词，后面直接加交通工具。aboard是副词，后面不能接宾语。on the ship board表示“在船的甲板上”。【答案】B（3）All the passengers _ were killed in the air-crash.A. board B. abroad C. on board D. on the board 【剖析】本题意为：机上所有乘客都死于空难。on the board表示“在布告上；在木板上”。【答案】C4.devote vt. 为某人（某事）付出（时间、精力等）；献身于，专心致志于He devoted all his life to teaching English.他终身从教英语。How much time do you usually devote to your research work every day?你每天花多少时间在你的研究工作上？He devoted all he had to his business.他把所有家产都投入生意上去了。【搭配与句型】devote oneself to 献身于，专心致志于be devoted to 献身于，专心致志于He devoted himself to helping those disabled.他致力于帮助那些残疾人。He is devoted to doing his research work.他专心致志地做他的研究工作。She is devoted to her children.他深爱她的孩子们。【词汇辨析】devoted 热爱的；忠实的；devotedly 热爱地；忠诚地devotion to sb./sth. 深爱，挚爱；献身；忠心；虔诚【活学活用】（1）Although the working mother is very busy, she still _ a lot of time to children.A. devotes B. spends C. offers D. provides【剖析】本题意为：虽然那位母亲忙于工作，但仍然花很多时间照顾孩子。根据选项的搭配可知：spend time in doing sth./ on sth.; offer sth. to sb.; provide sth. for sb. 【答案】A（2）Dont say anything bad to Harry, anyhow, he is a _ friend to us.A. devoting B. devoted C. friendly D. fit【剖析】本题意为：不要说哈里的坏话，不管怎么说，他还是一位忠实的朋友。C、D项从语义上不符合题意。devoted表示“忠诚的”。【答案】B（3） The time he _ his studies, generally，is more than 10 hours a day.A. gets down to B. devotes to C. sticks to D. spends in【剖析】本题意为：一般来说，他花在学习上的时间每天超过10小时。get down to表示“开始做某事”；stick to表示“坚持”；spends some time on sth.【答案】B5. cling （clung， clung）vi. 粘紧；附着；紧贴They clung together as they said good bye.他们在道别时，紧紧地拥抱在一起。The smell of smoke clung to my clothes for a long time.我衣服上附着的烟味好久不散。Dont cling to the roadside when you are driving.不要紧贴路边开车。【搭配与句型】cling (on) to sb./sth. 紧抓着或紧抱着某人或某物cling (on) to sth. 舍不得放弃某物；坚持一种信仰或理论cling to sb. 太接近某人；依恋某人Survivors clung to a large wood.生还者们紧紧抓着一块大木头。She clung to the hope that he was still alive.她始终抱着一个希望，就是他还活着。Small children cling to their mother.小孩子都缠着母亲。 【词汇辨析】stick to 坚持；不放弃keep to 坚持clinging 贴身的；感情上依附他人的clingy 缠人的；依附人的cling film 保鲜纸，保鲜膜【活学活用】（1）The dress that _ the body presents her pretty slim figure.A. clings to B. clings closely C. sticks to D. keep to【剖析】本题意为：贴身的连衣裙展现出她妙曼身姿。cling 后必须接to，closely表示“密切地；亲密地”，与语境不符；stick to表示“坚持某原则，不放弃某事”, keep to与stick to属同义词。【答案】A（2）He _ his research work though he met with a lot of unexpected problems. Which of the following cant be filled in here?A. clung to B. stuck to C. kept to D. devoted to【剖析】本题意为：虽然遇到许多意想不到的问题，他还是坚持自己的研究工作。A、B、C项均可表示“坚持”，devote oneself to/be devoted to 表示“致力于”不符题意。【答案】D6. advance vi.& vt. 前进；增进；进步；提出Our troops have advanced two miles.我们的军队已经前进了两英里。Such conduct is unlikely to advance your interests.这种行为对你可不大有利。Her English has advanced a lot since she began to spend more time on it.自从她在英语上多花点时间以来，她的英语有了长足进步。Scientists have advanced a new theory to explain the phenomenon.科学家已提出一个新的理论来解释这一现象。【搭配与句型】advance on/ towards sb./sth. 向.前进advance sth. to sb. 预付；借钱in advance 预先，事先We advanced towards /on the enemy shouting angrily.我们怒吼着向敌人涌来。He asked his employer to advance a months salary.他请求雇主先预支一个月的薪水。Its impossible to know in advance what will happen.预知未来发生的事是不可能的。【词汇辨析】advance n. 前进；进步；预付advanced 先进的；高级的【活学活用】（1）All the people had been warned of the storm _ so that no great damages were caused .A. in advance B. in effect C. in fact D. above all【剖析】本题意为：所有人事先都得到了预警，所以没有造成很大的损失。in effect表示“事实上”，与in fact同意； above all表示“首先”，表示在众多中突出出来。【答案】A（2）The customer _ the store $800 for the goods.A. borrowed B. lent C. loaned D. advanced 【剖析】本题意为：那位顾客预付给那家商店800美金来购买那些商品。borrow sth. from sb.表示“从.借来某物”；lend sb. sth.表示“借某人东西”；loan sb. sth.表示“贷款给某人”。【答案】D7.stick （stuck，stuck）vt.刺入；戳人；粘住；卡住The boy stuck his pork into the potatoes.那个孩子用餐叉插土豆。I found a nail sticking in the tyre.我发现轮胎上扎着一颗钉子。He stuck a stamp on the envelope after he sealed it.把信封封上以后，他贴了一张邮票在信封上。He got stuck in the lift and had to call for help.他卡在电梯里了，不得不大喊救命。【搭配与句型】stick (sth.) in/into sth. 把.插入.stick sth. on sth. 把.贴在.上stick to sth. 不放弃或不改变某事物；坚持stick out 伸出be stuck in 卡住不能动A needle stuck in my finger.针扎进我手指里了。He stuck a label on the bottle.他在瓶子上贴了张标签。The girl stuck out her tongue at her brother.那个女孩向她哥哥伸了伸舌头。She sticks to speaking English every day.Her boots got stuck in the mud.她的靴子陷在烂泥里，拔不出来。【词汇辨析】sticky adj. 粘乎乎的，stick to 坚持或坚守某种业已的观点、理想、真理或协议等；坚持做某事（某行为通常已开始）insist on 坚持某种看法、意见；坚持做某事（还未发生的行为或要求）persist in 坚持做某事（常暗示固执，不听劝告之意）hold on 坚持下去（强调不顾困难，继续坚持下去，为不及物动词短语）She sticks to the principle in this matter.她在这件事上坚持原则。He insisted on buying a new car.他坚持要买一部车。He persisted in doing the job in spite of the difficulties.他不顾困难坚持作那项工作。Hold on and everything will be all right.坚持下来，一切都会好起来的。【活学活用】（1）Once a decision has been made, all of us should _ it.A direct to B. stick to C. refer to D. insist on 【剖析】本题意为：一旦决定下来，我们所有人就应该坚持到底。direct to表示“指向”；refer to表示“提及；所指的是”；insist on表示“坚持做某事（还未发生的行为或要求）”。【答案】B（2）He had a great idea that one should _ whatever one had begun.A. insist on B. stick to C. stick out D. stick with【剖析】insist on后接表示将要发生的动作或行为的名词或动名词；stick out“把.伸出去”； stick with “和.粘在一起”。【答案】B（3）It was foolish of him to _ his notes during that important test,and as a result, he got punished.A. stick to B. refer to C. keep to D. point to 【剖析】本题意为：他在考试时偷看笔记，结果受到了惩罚。stick to表示“坚守；坚持”；refer to表示“参考；提及”； keep to表示“遵守，坚持作某事”；point to表示“指向”。【答案】B8.associate vt.使发生联系；使联合He associated her with a famous film star.他把她和一位著名影星联想到一块了。Whisky is always associated with Scotland.人们通常把威士忌与苏格兰联系起来。【搭配与句型】associate sb. / sth. with sb./sth.把某人或某事与某人或某事联想起来associate with sb. 与某人交往或常打交道associate oneself with sth. 声称或表示自己赞成某事You wouldnt associate this writer with the other- their writing styles are quite different.通常不会把这位作家与那一位相提并论 -他们两人的风格迥然不同。I dont like you associating with such people.我不喜欢你和这些人混在一起。I have never associated with political extremism.我从来不赞成政治上的极端主义。【词汇辨析】association n. 联合；联盟；交往；协会；学会relate .to/with. 把.与.联系起来join . to . 把.与.连接起来connect . to/with . 把.与.连接起来link . to/with . 把.与.联系起来attach sth. to sth. 把.与系在一起The report relates high wages to/with labor shortages.该报告把高工资与劳动力短缺联系在一起了。【活学活用】（1）You must be to blame for the loss _ your carelessness.A. associating with B. associated with C. associating D. associated 【剖析】本题意为：就凭你粗心造成的损失，你就该受到责备。associate with表示“与某人交往”；be associated with表示“与.有关”。【答案】B（2）Dont _ these idle young men all day!A. associate with B. be associated with C. relate to D. join to 【剖析】本题意为：不要整天和这些闲汉们在一起！be associated with表示“与.有关”；relate to表示“理解”；join . to表示“把.与.连接起来”。【答案】A（3）There the irrigation canal _ the reservoir which is important to the village.A. connects with B. links up to C. joins to D. attends to【剖析】connect with强调“车辆、道路相连”；link up to表示“水域相连”；join to表示“直接相连两个以上的东西”； attend to表示“护理；照顾”。【答案】C二重点习语精讲1.fall about laughing 突然大笑起来(无法控制)We all fell about (laughing/with laughter)when he imitated the voice of the boss.他模仿老板声音时，我们全笑得前仰后合，无法自制。【词组辨析】burst out laughing突然大笑起来（强调突然性）fall on/upon sb./sth. 突然降临；猛烈攻击fall over 摔倒fall down 失败，不起作用；降低fall behind 落后fall apart 破裂，破碎【活学活用】（1）Joe Jones, the eldest of the eight children, had to _ out of school at the age of 16 to help her father on the farm.A. leave B. drop C. fall D. go【剖析】drop out of school表示“辍学”。【答案】B（2）In some western countries, demand for graduates from MBA courses has _.A. turned down B. turned over C. fallen down D. fallen over【剖析】fall down表示“不起作用；下降”，又如：Youve been falling down on the job recently; is there anything troubling you? 你最近工作一直不好，有什么烦恼你的事吗？fall over摔倒；turn down 拒绝；把声音开小一点；turn over 仔细考虑；把.移交。本题意为：在一些西方国家，MBA毕业生的需求量已经下降。【答案】C（3）Mr. Green _ the ladder when he tried to repaired the light on the wall.A. fell down B. fell off C. fell out D. fell away【剖析】fall off = fall down from; fall away表示“遗弃；离开”；fall out表示“发生；与人争吵”。【答案】B2. pull ones leg 取笑；嘲弄某人Dont pull my leg, you mean guy!别嘲弄我，你这卑鄙的家伙！He is always pulling others legs once he feels happy.他一旦高兴起来，就喜欢捉弄别人。【词组辨析】pull sb. down (指疾病)使人虚弱pull around/through 恢复知觉或康复pull up 停车pull down 拆毁，拆除【活学活用】（1）The driver _ at the traffic lights.A. pulled down B. pulled up C. pulled through D. pulled over【剖析】本题意为：司机在红绿灯前把车停了下来。pull over （使车、船等）闪到一边。【答案】B（2）She was so ill that it seemed unlikely that she would _.A. pull around B. pull up C. pull over D. pull down【剖析】本题意为：她病得很厉害，看来不大可能康复了。从题干中可看出，只有pull around与ill有关。【答案】A3.make fun of 取笑，嘲笑Its cruel to make fun of those disabled.取笑残疾人未免不近人情。The kids at school always make fun of Toms funny dressing.学校的孩子们总是取笑汤姆滑稽的衣着。【词组辨析】pull ones leg 开某人玩笑；愚弄某人have a joke with sb. 与某人一起以某事取笑make a joke of/about sb./sth. 拿某人或某事开玩笑play a joke/trick on sb. 戏弄某人【活学活用】（1）He likes to _ his classmates, which makes them unhappy.A. make up for B. make fun of C. make a fun of D. make fun for【剖析】该题从定语从句的意思“使别人不高兴”来看，选项应取“嘲笑”含义的短语。Make up for表示“弥补”。【答案】B（2）He is someone I have an occasional chat and _.A. joke on B. fun of C. trick on D. joke with 【剖析】本题意为：我偶尔跟他闲聊，一起说笑话。要注意定语从句中have an occasional chat与 选项的并列关系。have a joke with sb.表示“和某人一起说笑”。【答案】D（3）The trick he played together with his fellows _ the disabled man, in my opinion, went far beyond.A. of B. about C. with D. on【剖析】本题意为：在我看来，他和伙伴们对那个残疾人的捉弄太过火了。play a trick on sb. 捉弄某人。【答案】D4. keep to 不偏离；遵守；信守Keep to the point, or you may waste our time.别扯远了，否则你就耽误了我们的时间。Things will only work out if we all keep to the plan.只有大家执行计划，事情才能成功。You should keep to the agreement, or no one would deal with you any more.你应该信守合约，否则没有人愿意和你打交道。Id be grateful if you kept this information to yourself.这事你若能保密，则不胜感激。【词组辨析】keep out 不使.进入；挡住keep off 远离；避开keep up 持续不停；维持keep sb. up 不让某人睡觉keep up with 跟上；与.同步 keep sth. in mind 记在心里【活学活用】（1）Education must make the young _ cigarettes, drugs, drinks, etc.A. keep out B. keep to C. keep off D. keep up 【剖析】本题意为：教育须使年轻人远离烟、毒品、酒等。【答案】C（2）She is old and weak and has to _ the house.A. keep out of B. keep in C. keep to D. keep off【剖析】本题意为：她年老体弱，足不出户。Keep out of不让进入；keep in后接表示状态的词。keep to在此处表示“不离开”。【答案】C（3）We were _ for half an hour in the traffic so we arrived late.A. kept up B. held up C. cut up D. rounded up【剖析】本题意为：我们在路上被堵了半个小时，所以到达迟了。hold sb. up 阻滞某人；阻拦；cut up切碎；round up聚拢；围拢 【答案】B（4）Bad habits are easily _ while good ones are hard to develop.A. kept up B. caught up C. drawn up D. picked up 【剖析】本题意为：坏习惯很容易形成，而培养好习惯则很难。catch up （with）“追上；赶上”；draw up“靠近，临近”；pick up“捡起，刚形成”。【答案】D（5）Im putting on weight. The doctor has warned me to _ sugar.A. keep up B. keep to C. keep off D. keep away【剖析】本题意为：我在发福了，医生警告我不要吃糖（要远离糖）。keep away from = keep off。【答案】C（6）-Your job _ open for your return. -Thanks.A. will be kept B. will keep C. had kept D. had been kept【剖析】根据句意，可判断出说话者要给对方保留工作位置是将来的事情，keep与job之间是被动关系，显示是说话者有意留给对方，而主动语态则表达不了这层含义。【答案】A5.go in for 参加；追求；从事；喜欢Which events is he going in for at the Olympics?他参加奥运会的哪些项目？Children are always encouraged to go in for noble causes.孩子们常常被鼓励去追求高尚的事业。Have you ever thought of going in for teaching in the future?你考虑过将来从事教书吗？She goes in for a lot of sport in her spare time.闲暇时间里，她喜欢运动。【词组辨析】中学英语中含go的常用短语：go against 违背 go ahead 开始（做某事）；进展；同意go around 传播go into 调查；了解go with 与.一起；与.相配套go without 没有.也得勉强应付；将就go off sb. 失去兴趣；不再喜欢go off with sb. 离开爱人另结新欢go on with 继续go over 复习go through 浏览；检查；经历；消耗；完成If you go ag