上海2015年高考英语一模冲刺讲义(写作).doc

精锐教育学科教师辅导讲义学员编号： 年 级：高三 课 时 数：3学员姓名： 辅导科目：英语 学科教师：授课类型C 图表、图片作文学习C 应用类作文学习T 作文能力提升授课日期及时段教学内容1. 专题知识梳理知识点1：图表作文一. 图表作文考查形式：1. 是以表格形式,将统计的数据或被说明的事物直接用表格形式体现出来,即统计表。2. 是以图形形式u 表示数据变化的曲线图；u 表示数据的大小或数量之间的差异的条形图；u 表示总体内部结构变化的扇形图。二. 图表作文常用的写作模板参考模板一：As is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart), _ (作文题目的议题) has been on rise/ decrease (goes up /increases / drops / decreases),significantly /dramatically /steadily rising /decreasing from _ in _ to _ in _. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that _. There are at least two good reasons accounting for _. On the one hand, _. On the other hand, _ is due to the fact that _. In addition, _ is 参考模板二：According to the graph, _ (图表结果). The _ amount rises from _ to_ while _ climbs from _ to _（数据）, both of which demand our prompt attention. As a citizen/student, my suggestions to _ (点出主题）are listed as follows.To begin with, _ (建议一). _（观点）. In addition, _ (建议二). _（观点）. Thirdly, _ (建议三). _（观点）.In a word, only if we pay much attention to our everyday behavior and take actions to _(重申主题), can we make contributions to _.(美好生活的向往)三. 图表写作常用句型及短语1.The data from the pie chart shows that _ ranks first at 58%, which is followed by_ at 33%. However, the least proportion goes to _ at only 9%.（图表数据类文章第一段可能遇到的经典句型）2. The graph/chart/table above shows3. From the above graph/chart, it can be seen that.4. As (正如) is shown in the graph, .5. It has been shown from the table that Facts1. There was a great /slight increase /rise in2. There has been a sudden/slow/rapid fall/drop in3. The rate dropped slightly from 38%into 31% in4. By comparison with, it decreased/increased/fell fromto5. Statistics show a 20% rise/reduction in traffic accidents compared with last year.6. The population owning mobile phones increased by 10% in 1999.Reasons:1. The reason why/foris that2. One may think of the change as a result of 3. The change in largely results from the fact that4. This brings out the important fact that5. . is the key factor (因素) in6. There are several causes for this significant growth in.First,.Second,总结归纳：1. in a word ,/ in short,（简而言之）/ generally speaking（总的来说）2. In summary, it is important3. From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion (得出结论）that4. Obviously/Apparently 很明显地）, if we want to, it is necessary提出建议：1. There is no doubt that (毫无疑问) attention must be paid to2. I suggest (建议)the government take effective measures to 3. Personally, I think(就我来看) the “golden week” should remain, for逻辑过渡词：常用转折，对比及比较的词汇：While, but, on the contrary, however, compare with, in contrast to ,asas, the same as, be similar to, more than, less than常用描写趋势变化的词汇：表示上升的动词 increase, rise, go up, 表示下降的动词reduce, drop, go down, fall, 表示平稳及其他remain, slowly, slightly, gradually, sharply, rapidly, the number of, fromto及比较级，倍数句型等。知识点2：图片作文一. 图片作文考查：以一张或多张图片（如12年高考两张）的形式考查，常要求简要描述图片内容，结合生活实际或自己的经历就图片的主题或所反映的现象及观点谈谈自己的感想。二. 图片作文常用的写作思路一般采用三段式：第一段，描述图片，联系图片所反应的某种社会现象，亮出自己论点；As is vividly shown in the picture,（描述图片内容）. Its a common phenomenon that（结合实际现象）. As far as Im concerned, I （亮出自己观点）My reasons are listed as follows:第二段，分析自己的理由；To begin with,（理由1）；Whats more,（理由2）；Finally,（理由3）。Its high time for（就图片所反应现象进行呼吁）。As for （对谁而言），they ought to ; And for （对其它人而言），its essential to 。第三段，得出结论。In conclusion, its sbs duty to do sth.三. 图片作文常用表达1. 描述图片：In the picture,; As we can see in the picture,; As is vividly shown in the picture,2. 引入现象When it comes to ; It is common that ; Recently the phenomenon has aroused wide concern that 3. 呈现观点 In my opinion, ; In my view, ; As far as Im concerned, ; From my point of view, ; I hold the view/opinion that ; My opinion is that ; I think/believe/consider that ; My reasons are listed as follows. The following are my reasons.2. 专题精讲1. 图表作文最近学校在高中学生中做了一次”有烦恼向谁说” (To whom do you go when in trouble) 的调查活动，调查结果如图所示。请你简要描述调查结果，并结合自己的选择，谈谈想法和理由。参考范文A survey has been conducted among senior high students on the topic “To whom do you go when in trouble.” The data from the pie chart shows that “classmates and friends” ranks first at 58%, which is followed by “their own” at 33%. However, the least proportion goes to “parents and teachers” at only 9%.As far as I am concerned, Im not among the majority that tends to ask friends for help. I am more willing to go to parents and teachers and I think my peers should also consider going to them when in trouble.Firstly, parents and teachers may know more about you than yourselves. Since they have a more objective and all-around perspective on you, they are bound to give you useful advice. Whats more, parents and teachers are experienced adults who must have suffered many worries and hardships. They must have accumulated much experience which can broaden your horizons when you deal with matters. Last but not least, by having constant communications with your parents and teachers, you are sure to strengthen the relationship with them despite the generation gap. In a word, to go to adults when in trouble may help you more when you are in difficulty.For the reasons above, I want to call on my peers to communicate more often with their parents and teachers.2. 图片作文简要描述图片内容，结合生活实际，就图片的主题谈谈自己的感想。参考范文：As is vividly shown in the picture, when a young girl was riding a bike, almost all her family members were around, protecting her in case anything unexpected should happen, which did annoy the girl as she really wanted to manage it herself. Its a common phenomenon that parents care too much about their children. As far as Im concerned, I dont think it wise for parents to overprotect their children. My reasons are listed as follows: To begin with, too much love from parents will spoil a child and makes it hard for children to get along with others because a spoilt child is usually self-centered and unconfident. Whats more, if parents take pains to pave way for their children. Chances are that they will be at a loss as to how to deal with a tough problem in future, which will cause them to be eliminated from the fierce competition. Finally, overprotection will prevent children from further developing their overall ability, thus having a negative effect on their all-round development. Its high time for parents and children to think over this situation. As for parents，they ought to give children more space to try, to succeed and even to face up to the failure. And for children, its essential to be independent of their parents. In conclusion, its parents duty to show love for their children; however, they should find the balance between holding and letting-go.3 专题过关检测1：以下饼图是关于高三学生填报高考志愿不同依据的人数比例。 请简要描述该图， 选择其中你填报志愿的依据，并简述理由。 简要写出文章提纲：检测2: Directions: Write an English composition in over 120 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.请简要描述图片内容，并联想生活实际谈谈你的感想。简要写出文章提纲：四学法提炼图表作文写作：第一点：图表作文与平时所熟悉的夹叙夹议文差别不大，主要是在开头部分注意下就可以，中间依然是论证部分，可按照夹叙夹议文写作的格式进行。第二点：写作步骤：（1）注意审题 （2）列提纲（可参考自己学过的作文结构模板）（3）进行句式运用，成文，注意长短句结合，多用所学短语 （4）检查（注意时态和人称，句式表达是否出现连词错误）图片作文写作：在描述图片内容时一定要注意分析图片所反应的社会现象，并用一定的过度语将图片内容与社会现象结合起来，注意挖掘图片背后所隐含的意思。一. 专题知识梳理知识点1：书信写作常用句型一. 信件开头常用语1. 写信给他人Im writing to tell you about the discussion (the lecture/ meeting/ activity) we (our class/ our school) held yesterday.Im writing to ask if you can come next week. 2. 回信给他人Your letter came to me this morning. I have received your letter of July 20th. Thank you for your letter. 二. 信件常用结束语 1. Please remember me to your whole family. 2. Wish you a pleasant journey. 3. Wish you success. /Wish you the best of health.4. Looking forward to your next visit to China. 5. Looking forward to the pleasure of meeting you. 6. Looking forward to your early reply.7. Expecting to hear from you as soon as possible. 8. Hoping to hear from you soon.9. Your early reply will be highly appreciated.10. With best regards to your family. 11. With love and good wishes.12. Best wishes/regards!知识点2：申请信写作要求及妙语模板一. 写作点拨：申请信类型很多包括求职信（如申请做志愿者），报考申请信，留学申请信等；写申请信应注意语言言简意赅，语气诚恳礼貌，避免夸张。申请信一般包括：申请原因、具备条件/阐述想法、恳请申请单位考虑自己的申请，表示谢意，期盼回复。具体为：第一段引入事件，说明写信目的。第二段介绍关于自己的一些具体内容。第三段提出请求，表示感谢盼复。二. 词句模板：1. 好词集锦considerable，confident，suitable，extremely，pleased，grateful，especially，opportunity，position，apply for，be good at，allow，would like to，offer，o consideration. 2. 说明应聘原因常用语A. I learned from sb./the newspaper that your company wanted to .B. I was told that . C. I have just read in the newspaper that your company needs a .D. I am writing to inquire opportunities for .E. I am writing to you to inquire if there would be any position available for me to work as a.F. I am writing to apply for the job.G. I have learned from your advertisement that a .is wanted in your company.3. 介绍个人优势常用语A. Now I would like to introduce myself to you.B. My name is Tom aged 16/who is a 16-year-old boy.C. I graduated from.in 2012.D. I like/am fond of swimming, singing and dancing in my spare time.E. I work hard and I can get along /on well with others.F. I am good at English and especially my spoken English is fairly good.G. I master English and I talk to foreigners in English freely.H. I am currently studying .I. I would be interested in .J. My main specialization is.4. 表示感谢及请求常用语A. Thank you for your consideration of my application.B. If you agree with me, Ill work hard and try to be a.C. I am available for interview.D. I am looking forward to hearing from you.E. If you agree with me, please write to me or phone me. My telephone number is.F. I am writing to you in the hope that I may obtain an opportunity to .G. I would like to apply the position that your company offers to me.H. Thank you for considering my application and I am looking forward to your early reply.J. I greatly appreciate any of your favorable consideration of my application.K. I would be very grateful if you could consider my application and could send me about.L. Apart from doing sth., I may as well work as .5. 参考模板Model One:Dear.,I am extremely pleased to see (报纸、广告） for the position（职位）. And Im writing to apply for （职位）. I am confident that I am suitable for（职位）. On one hand,（原因）. On the other hand,（原因）.I shall be much honored if you will offer me the opportunity to（尝试）. I am looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.YOUR SINCERELY,Model Two:Dear.I write this letter to apply for the position that you have advertised in (报纸）of 发布时间）.I am from. As a/an, I have been. Besides, I won in. If you consider me appropriate for the job, please call me at.I will appreciate it very much if you could give me an early reply./Thank you for considering my application and I am looking forward to meting you.YOURS SINCERELY知识点3：建议信一. 建议信的格式：第一部分，自我介绍；第二部分，描述事情的状况和存在的问题第三部分，提出你的建议第四部分，希望二. 常用表达1. 常用于提出建议的句子A. Im writing to express my views on/concerning the topic of B. You have asked for some advice concerning and I will try to give you my suggestions.C. I would like to suggest thatD. I am writing in reply toE. In my opinion, I would sayF. Probably you should/ Youd better / You might as well / You are supposed to G. I suggest that the present system under which marks are being given for reading be modified.H. I, therefore, propose that I. I think/believe it would be better/very helpful / beneficial if you J. It is desirable that 是可取的.K. I would like to suggest/ recommend that Why not L. It would help to This would M. Perhaps there could be 2. 常用于建议信结尾的句子 A. I hope that you may consider doing B. I would be ready to further discuss this decision.C. I trust you will take my suggestions into account.D. I look forward to hearing from you about what you plan to do on this matter.E. I hope could take this suggestions into consideration.F. Id like to make this proposal, and trust that it will meet with your sympathetic consideration. 3. 参考模板Model One:Dear _, You have asked me for my advice with regard to（关于） _ , and I will try to make some practical suggestions here. In my opinion, you would be wise to take the following actions: _（建议的内容）. I hope you will find these proposals（提议） useful, and I would be ready to discuss this matter with you to further details. Yours sincerely, Li MingModel Two:Dear ,I am writing to make some suggestions as to/ I am writing to express my views concerning./ With regard to , and I will try to make some constructive suggestions here.In my opinion, you would be wise to / I would like to suggest first that With the help of , you can Besides/In addition/Whats more/ Furthermore, if you , you would be able to Finally/ Last but not least/, you may considerThis way I sincerely hope that you will take my suggestions into consideration, and your prompt迅速的attention to my suggestions would be highly appreciated./ I hope you will find these proposals useful, and I would be ready to discuss this matter with you to further details. Yours sincerely, Li Hua二. 专题精讲1. 申请信Directions: Write an English composition in 120 - 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.假如你是启明中学（Ming Qi Middle School）的李明，想申请成为“爱共线”的暑期志愿者。根据以下启事，写一封申请信（信中不能提到真实姓名和学校）。志 愿 者 招 募爱共线是由民间发起的爱心公益组织，主要致力于贫困地区儿童相关的援助项目。我们期待你的加入！岗位1：网页编辑（webpage editor）岗位2：影像制作（cameraman）岗位3：论坛管理员（forum administrator）岗位4：活动组织（event organizer）有意者请来信告知：1) 你个人的基本情况；2) 你所申请的岗位和申请的理由；参考范文：I am Li Ming from Ming Qi Middle School. Recently I have learned from your webpage that “Aigongxian” is a public organization whose major work involved programs relevant to helping children in poverty-stricken areas. Almost at the same time, word came to our school that you were recruiting some volunteers during this summer vacation. Id like to join you without the slightest hesitation, and my reasons are as follows.To begin with, I prefer to apply for the post of a cameraman. Not only am I fond of taking photos, but I also have professional skills. I believe that people will have a clearer knowledge of the living conditions of the children there through my photos.Apart from what I have mentioned above, I believe that my photos will appeal to more people to realize the lack of education in remote areas as well as the increasingly large gap between urban cities and countries. Consequently, there will be more kind people to join you to improve the childrens living conditions.In a nutshell, I am eager to do my part as a volunteer of you. Poverty has become a social phenomenon and no easy way is at hand to tackle it. However, its high time that everyone volunteered to help poor children. Combined efforts will make a great difference. I hope that you will accept me as a cameraman in the organization. (232 words)2. 建议信假如你是一位大学毕业生，请以李明的署名给报纸编辑写一封信。信中要包括以下内容：1） 目前大学毕业生就业中存在的问题；2） 你对这些问题的看法和建议。参考范文：Dear Editor, Im a college graduate. Now I am writing to talk about the employment issue of college graduate. I think, besides the financial crisis, there are other reasons why college graduates find it hard to get a job. College students aim too high. All they want are “good” jobs offering good salary, comfortable working conditions and high social status. Consequently, most college graduates are unwilling to accept jobs they consider not “good” enough. Another reason is that there is a big gap between the majors some students study in college and the demands of those vacant positions. Solution to the problem requires efforts of both the society and the students. The companies should value the students talent while the latter should not merely aim at material gains. Furthermore, college students should face their weak points so as to improve themselves and be more competent. You kind attention will be much appreciated. (156 words) Yours, faithfully, Li Ming三. 专题过关检测1: 某国际青少年互动友谊营正在招募志愿者，要求能安排并接待一位与你年龄相仿的外国青少年在上海游玩一天。你对此很感兴趣，请写一封E-mail，申请担任志愿者，并告诉主办方你的一天安排。（文中请不要出现真实的校名人名）简要写出文章提纲：检测2：你的好友小华写来一封信，咨询旅行时住宿宾馆还是住当地人的家里为好。给他回信，谈谈你的看法。简要写出文章提纲：四学法提炼1. 知识收获书信写作有章可循，写作步骤：第一段：自我介绍，获取消息来源及写信的目的；第二段：表达观点及的原因或理由；第三段：再次简要申述自己的申请理由，委婉表达期待通过申请。2. 方法总结信件题作文写作：第一点：信件题作文与平时所熟悉的议论文差别不大，主要是在开头和结尾部分注意下就可以，中间依然是论证部分，可按照议论文写作的格式进行。第二点：写作步骤：（1）注意审题 （2）列提纲（可参考自己学过的作文结构模板）（3）进行句式运用，成文，注意长短句结合，多用所学短语 （4）检查（注意时态和人称，句式表达是否出现连词错误）一. 能力培养能力一：写作词汇丰富高级词汇1. 多实少虚nice generous, humorous, smart, gentle, easygoing, warm-hearted2. 短语优先I cannot bear it. I cannot put up with it.I want it. I am looking forward to it.3. 弃旧从新There are potential safety dangers.There exist potential safety dangers.A 高级词汇We all think he is a great man. We all speak highly of him.As a result, the plan was a failure. The plan turned out to be a failure.In our school, there are twenty-seven classrooms. Our school is made up of/consists of twenty-seven classrooms.能力二：写作句式B 高级句式1. He came in and there was a baby in his arms. He came in , with a baby in his arms.2. When he arrived, he gave me an e-mailThe moment he arrived, he gave me an e-mail.3. I had just reached the station, and at once the train started. Hard