被动语态 (6)

thePassiveVoice 被动语态 a thePassiveVoice 被动语态 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者 被动语态的用法 1 当不知道谁 没有必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者时 2 只需强调动作的承受者时 3 汉语中的 被 受 由 等词译成英文时 4 当动作的发出者不是人时 往往用被动语态e g 1 EnglishisspokeninCanada 2 Shewaselectedthemonitorofourclass 3 Iwasshockedbythenews e g 1 TheymaketrainsinZhuzhou 主动语态 Trains inZhuzhou 被动语态 2 Thefarmersgrowcottoneveryyear Cotton bythefarmerseveryyear 3 ManypeoplespeakEnglish English bymanypeople aremade isgrown isspoken 注意 be有人称 时态和数的变化 各种时态的被动语态 时态体现在be动词时上 am is are done was were done will shallbe done am is arebeing done was werebeing done have hasbeen done hadbeen done would shouldbe done 1 Trees plant byusinspringeveryyear 2 Thehouse build lastyear 3 LiMingwill ask toattendthelecture 4 Anewbuilding build inourschoolnow 5 Theroadwere repair 6 Hehas send toworkinGuangzhou 7 Thework finish whenIgotthere 8 Thescientistwould invite tovisitIraq areplanted Exercises wasbuilt beasked beingrepaired isbeingbuilt beensent hadbeenfinished beinvited 主动语态变为被动语态的步骤 1 把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语 2 把主动句的谓语动词变为be 动词的过去分词的形式 3 把主动句的主语变为被动句中by后面的宾语 可以省略 注意 主动句变为被动句后 被动句的时态必须与主动句的句式 时态保持一致 Peopleplayfootballallovertheworld Footballisplayed bypeople allovertheworld 几种句式的被动语态 e g Wemustkeepthefoodinacoolplace Thefoodmustbekeptinacoolplace II 含有短语动词的主动句变为被动语态时 不要遗漏与动词连用的介词或副词 e g Weshouldtakegoodcareofthesickchild Thesickchildshouldbetakengoodcareof III 含有复合宾语的主动句变为被动语态时 若宾补为不带to的动词不定式 被动语态中必须加上to 常见的这类动词有 see hear watch make have等 weremadetowork IV 含有双宾语的主动句变为被动句时 直接宾语和间接宾语都可作主语 e g Myfriendssentmesomebeautifulstamps Iwassentsomebeautifulstampsbymyfriends Somebeautifulstampsweresenttomebymyfriends WegaveMikenicegiftsonhisbirthday Mike nicegiftsbyusonhisbirthday Nicegifts Mikebyusonhisbirthday wasgiven weregivento Exercises 把下列句子变为被动语态 1 Dotheycallthedog Bobby 2 Thepolicemancaughtthemanjustnow 3 Hewillfinishthelettersoon 4 TheymadelittleTomwalkupanddown 5 Hisfriendsoftenlaughathim 6 Theyseethetallmangointothehouseinhisclass Answers 1 Dothedogbecall Bobby 2 Themanwascaughtbythepolicemanjustnow 3 Theletterwillbefinishedsoon 4 LittleTomw