八年级英语下册 Unit 7 International charities词汇与语法基础训练 （新版）牛津版.doc

Unit 7 International charities知识精讲一、必背词汇especially adv. 特别，尤其basic adj.基础的，基本的education n. 教育equal adj. 平等的right n. 权利spread n. 扩散；分布；展开interviewer n. 采访者mostly adv. 主要地，大部份地case n. 病例；案例cure vt. 治愈medical adj. 医学的，医疗的treatment n. 治疗patient n. 病人afford vt. 买得起；能做operate vi. 做手术proud adj. 自豪的，骄傲的reader n. 读者medicine n. 医学；药develop vi.&vt. 发展；加强treat vt. 治疗；处理leaflet n. 传单；散页印刷品hold vt. 举行set vt.&vi. 创建，建立including prep.包括，包含war n. 战争organize (=organise)vt. 组织pale adj. 苍白的matter n. 事情，问题check n. 检查secretary n. 秘书India n. 印度officer n. 官员blind adj. 失明的二、重点词汇1. especially adverb /spe.l.i/very much; more than usual or more than other people or things特别，尤其，格外；专门，特地例句： Shes not especially interested in sport. 她对体育运动不是特别感兴趣。2. cure verb /kjr/1). to make someone with an illness healthy again治愈，治好例句： The medicine wont cure her - it merely stops the pain.这种药并不能治好她的病-只能止疼。2). to solve a problem解决（问题）例句： The president and his advisors meet this week to discuss how to cure inflation. 财政部长们本周将举行会晤讨论如何解决通货膨胀问题。3. afford verb /fd/1). to be able to buy or do something because you have enough money or time买得起；（有时间）做，能做例句：I dont know how he can afford a new car on his salary. 我不知道他靠工资怎么能买得起新车。2). formal to allow someone to have something pleasant or necessary提供；给予例句：Her seat afforded her an uninterrupted view of the stage. 她的座位很好，可以一览无余地看到整个舞台。【拓展】can afford例句：We couldnt afford to pay the lawyers fee. 我们负担不起律师费。4. proud adjective /prad/1). feeling pleasure and satisfaction because you or people connected with you have done or got something good自豪的，得意的例句： You must be very proud of your son. 你一定为你的儿子感到非常自豪。2). having or showing respect for yourself有自尊心的，自尊的，自重的例句：He might be poor but hes also proud, and he wont be pushed around by anyone. 他可能很穷，可是他也有自尊心，他不会受任何人摆布的。3). feeling that you are better and more important than other people骄傲的，傲慢的，自负的例句：She knows shes lost, but shes too proud to admit it. 她知道自己失败了，可是她太自负了，不肯承认。5. mostly adverb /mst.li/mainly通常；大多数例句： In the smaller towns, its mostly (= usually) very quiet at nights. 在小村庄里，晚上通常很安静。The band are mostly (= most of them are) teenagers. 我想这支乐队的成员大多数是十几岁的青少年。三、必背短语on board 在飞机（船、火车）上carry on 继续开展，继续下去hand out 分发；提出set up 建起，设立make up ones mind 决定go to hospital 去看病四、经典句型1. Eddie, more money is needed for charity.艾迪，做慈善还需要更多的钱。2. However, many people dont have money for medical treatment.然而，很多人没有钱接受医疗。3. Many of our patients cant afford to go to hospital, so we have to go to them.很多我们的病人无法承担医疗费，所以我们要帮助他们。4. On the plane, volunteer doctors do operations.义务工作的医生在飞机上做手术。5. Whats the matter?发生什么事情了？6. Take this medicine after meals three times a day.饭后服用这种药，每天三次。三点剖析一、考点被动语态1. 概念：表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子是被动语态。被动语态(passive voice)是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态常用于陈述事实，一般用在科技文章或新闻报道中。2. 主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换主动语态变被动语态时，主动语态句中的宾语变成被动语态句中的主语，主动语态句中的主语成为被动语态句中的动作的执行者。3. 被动语态的构成：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。4. 一般现在时被动语态的谓语结构及各种句式：1). 谓语结构：is/ am/ are+.及物动词的过去分词2). 各种句式：肯定式：The classroom is cleaned every day. 教室每天被打扫。否定式：The classroom isnt cleaned every day. 教室不是每天被打扫。一般疑问句：Is the classroom cleaned every day? 教室是每天被打扫吗？特殊疑问句：What is cleaned every day? 什么每天被打扫？5. 一般过去时被动语态的谓语结构及各种句式：1). 谓语结构：was/ were +.及物动词的过去分词2). 各种句式：肯定式： The ruler was found under the desk. 尺子是在书桌下被找到的。否定式： The ruler wasnt found under the desk. 尺子不是在书桌下被找到的。一般疑问句： Was the ruler found under the desk? 尺子是在书桌下被找到的吗？特殊疑问句：Where was the ruler found? 尺子是在哪儿找到的？6. 使用被动语态需要注意的几个特殊问题。1). 带介词的不及物动词在变为被动语态时，介词不能漏掉。2). 当动词由不带to 的动词不定式作宾补时，在被动语态中，应加上动词不定式符号“to”。3). 当动词带双宾语时，在被动语态中，将其中的一个宾语作主语，另一个不动；如果是将指物的作主语，则在另一个指人的宾语前应加上介词“to”或“for，具体用哪一个根据动词来确定。二、易错点1. be used as; be used for; be used by1). be used as意为“被用作；被当作使用”。例句：Last Sunday our classroom was used as a meeting room.上个星期天我们的教室被用作了会议室。2). be used for意为“被用来做”。介词for后常接名词或v.-ing例句：A knife is used for cutting things. 刀子被用来切东西。3). be used by意为“被使用”。例句：English is used by travellers and businessmen.英语被旅行者和商人使用。2. build; put up; set up1). build意为“建造；创建”，既可用于建造房屋、桥梁等具体事物，亦可用于抽象事物。例句：We are building a bridge now. 现在我们正在建一座桥。2). put up意为“搭建”，强调盖一些临时性的房屋，在现代英语中与build 可以互用。例句：Several hotels will be put up in the city.这座城市要建几家旅馆。3). set up意为“成立；建立”，强调机构及相应设施的建立，不强调施工建筑，尤其指商店、医院、学校、纪念碑等。例句：Many schools have been set up in the city.这座城市已建了许多学校。题模精选题模一：Unit 7 词汇应用例1.1.1 The Apple Watch is very beautiful, but its too expensive. So I cant _ it.A saveB supportC offerD afford例1.1.2 根据汉语完成句子。1). 我们可以帮老师分发试卷。We can help the teacher _ _ the exam paper.2). 他们已经决定为这位有眼疾的病人做手术了。They _ _ _ _ _ to operate on the patient with eye problems.题模二：语法-被动语态例1.2.1 As China grows stronger and stronger, Chinese _ in more and more schools out of our country.A teachesB is taughtC has taughtD was taught例1.2.2 将下列句子改为被动语态。1). Millie painted this picture._2). He sells Coke in a small shop._3). People grow rice in China._随堂练习随练1.1 - English is widely spoken in the world, isnt it?-Yes. Its spoken _ millions of people all over the world.A forB asC withD by随练1.2 Helping others makes us very _.A lonelyB proudC lazyD harmful随练1.3 This kind of computer is made _ Shenzhen.A byB withC inD of随练1.4 根据汉语完成句子。1. 我太累了，不能走更远了。我们休息会儿吧。I am _. Lets have a rest.2. 中国西部很多地方需要老师。Teachers _ in many places in Western China.3. 培养学生基础的阅读、写作以及交流技能很重要。Its important to develop students _ of reading, writing and communicating.4. 每年政府都会花很多钱来防止这些疾病蔓延。Every year, the government spends lots of money _ 5. 春蕾计划致力于确保每个女孩都享有受教育的权利。The Spring Buds Project works to make sure every girl _ to receive education.随练1.5 -_ all the windows _?-Yes. I did it just now.A Do; closeB Did; closeC Were; closedD Are; closing随练1.6 The match _ because of the bad weather. What a pity!A will cancelB has cancelledC was cancelledD is cancelling自我总结课后作业作业1 -Why dont you buy the bike, Mary?-Its too expensive. I cant_ it.A sellB lendC keepD afford作业2 -Do you know anything about the players of our school football team?-Yes. They are_ young boys between the age of thirteen and fifteen.A mostB mostlyC almostD at most作业3 -What should we do for the disabled children?-You should _ a study group to help them.A take upB set upC look upD put up作业4 按要求改写句子。1. Japanese cameras are sold in this shop. (改写成否定句)Japanese cameras _ _ in this shop.2. I was told to take my own food. (改写成一般疑问句)_ _ _ to take your own food?3. Many animals fur is used for making clothes. (对画线部分提问)_ animals fur _ _?4. The pig called Strong Pig was trapped under the bricks for 36 days. (对画线部分提问)_ _ _ the pig called Strong Pig _ under the bricks?5. Princess Laura was caught by an evil witch. (改为主动语态)An evil witch _ Princess Laura.6. People play basketball all over the world. (改为被动语态)Basketball _ _ all over the world by people.7. He told us a funny story yesterday. (改为被动语态)A funny story _ _ _ us by him yesterday.作业5 -Your bedroom is so clean.-Of course. It _ every day.A cleansB cleanedC is cleanedD was cleaned作业6 -You dont look well. _ with you?-I have a fever and cant stop coughing.A Whats happeningB What is itC Whats onD whats the matter答案解析题模精选题模一：Unit 7 词汇应用例1.1.1【答案】D【解析】 考查动词辨析，save节约；support支持；offer提供都不符合句意。afford买得起，符合题意，故选D。例1.1.2【答案】 1). hand out2). have made up their mind 【解析】 考查本课词汇的应用，需注意联系语境、时态、人称的数及名词的单复数。题模二：语法-被动语态例1.2.1【答案】B【解析】 考查被动语态，句意：随着中国变得越来越强大，国外越来越多的学校教汉语。主语Chinese与谓语teach之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，因句子的时态时一般现在时，be动词应用is。故选B。例1.2.2【答案】 1). This picture was painted by Millie.2). Coke is sold by him in a small shop.3). Rice is grown in China by people.【解析】 考查本课语法的应用，需注意联系语境、时态、人称的数及名词的单复数。随堂练习随练1.1【答案】D【解析】 考查介词，在被动语态中，动作执行者前面应用介词by。故选D。随练1.2【答案】B【解析】 考查形容词辨析，句意：帮助别人使我们非常自豪。表示“自豪的”应用proud。故选B。随练1.3【答案】C【解析】 考查介词，Shenzhen 是一个地名，不是动作的执行者，所以不可用by，而应该用in，be made in表示“在制造”。故选C。随练1.4【答案】 1. too tired to walk any further/ farther2. are needed3. basic skills4. preventing these di