M6 Unit 2Grammar and usage.ppt

unit2whatishappiness grammarandusage pastandfuturetenses 江阴高中 brainstorming whocanmakethestorymoreinteresting thewind hardyesterday ourenglishteacher busy she atseveninthemorningbecauseshe lastweek whileshewas herdaughter she bylastweek pasttenses thesimplepasttense 1 在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态 时间状语有 yesterday lastweek anhourago theotherday in1980等 eg isawtominthestreetyesterday iboughtthistvsetinbeijinglastyear 2 表示在过去一段时间内 经常性或习惯性的动作 eg wheniwasachild ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet healwayswenttoworkbybus thesimplepasttense 3 用过去时表示现在 表示语气委婉礼貌 1 动词want hope wonder think intend等 eg didyouwantanythingelse iwonderedifyoucouldhelpme 2 情态动词could would eg couldyoulendmeyourbike thesimplepasttense 4 用在条件句中表示与现在或将来事实不符的虚拟语气 eg ifiwereabird iwouldflytobeijing ifhewereherenow wecouldturntohimforhelp thesimplepasttense 注意下列句型 itistimesb didsth 时间已迟了 早该 了 eg itistimeyouwenttobed would had rathersb didsth 表示 宁愿某人做某事 eg i dratheryoucametomorrow thesimplepasttense 1 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作 常与atthattime thewholemorning alldayyesterday fromninetotenlastevening等连用 eg whatwashedoingthistimeyesterday in2001shewasstudyinginauniversity thepastcontinuoustense thepastcontinuoustense 2 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景 一个长动作发生的时候 另一个短动作发生 mybrotherfellwhilehewasridinghisbicycleandhurthimself itwasrainingwhentheyleftthestation 1 过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或者某一动作之前完成的动作或状态 句中常用by before until when等词引导的时间状语 bytheendoflastyearwehadbuiltfivenewhouses ihadlearnt5000wordsbeforeienteredtheuniversity thepastperfecttense 2 过去完成时的动词还可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或者状态持续到过去某个时间或者持续下去 eg beforeheslept hehadworkedfor12hours hehadbeeninthiscollegeforfiveyearsbeforeicamehere thepastperfecttense 3 在told said knew heard thought等动词后的宾语从句 shesaid that shehadneverbeentoparis 4 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中 发生在先 用过去完成时 发生在后 用一般过去时 whenthepolicearrived thethieveshadrunaway thepastperfecttense 5 表示意向的动词 如hope wish expect think intend mean suppose等 用过去完成时表示 原本 未能 wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome butyoudidn t 6 过去完成时的时间状语before by until when after once assoonas bythetimehewastwelve edisonhadbegantomakealivingbyhimself thepastperfecttense futuretenses 1 shall用于第一人称 常被will所代替 will在陈述句中用于各人称 在征求意见常用于第二人称 eg whichparagraphshallireadfirst willyoubeathomeatseventhisevening thesimplefuturetense 2 begoingto 不定式 表示将来 a 主语的意图 即将做某事或打算做某事 whatareyougoingtodotomorrow b 计划 安排要发生的事 theplayisgoingtobeproducednextmonth c 有迹象要发生的事lookatthedarkclouds thereisgoingtobeastorm thesimplefuturetense 3 be 不定式表将来 按计划或正式安排将发生的事 wearetodiscussthereportnextsaturday 4 beaboutto 不定式 意为马上做某事 heisabouttoleaveforbeijing 注意 beaboutto不能与tomorrow nextweek等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用 thesimplefuturetense begoingto will的用法之比较 用于条件句时 begoingto表将来 will表意愿 例 ifyouaregoingtomakeajourney you dbettergetreadyforitassoonaspossible nowifyouwilltakeoffyourclothes wewillfitthenewclothesonyouinfrontofthemirror thesimplefuturetense beto和begoingto的用法之比较 beto表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事 而begoingto则表示主观的打算或计划 eg iamtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon 客观安排 i mgoingtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon 主观安排 thesimplefuturetense 1 表示在将来某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作 如 eg thistimetomorrowishallbeflyingtoguangzhou whatwillyoubedoingateighttomorrowmorning we llbewatchingtelevisionallevening thefuturecontinuoustense thefuturecontinuoustense 2 表示将来被客观情况所决定的动作或者按照安排将要发生的动作 eg we llbehavingteaafterdinnerasusual theleaveswillbefallingsoon weshallbehavingameetingtomorrowmorning i llbetakingmyholidayssoon 注意 将来进行时不用于表示 意志 不能说i llbehavingatalkwithher 3 将来进行时常用的时间状语 soon tomorrow thisevening onsunday bythistime tomorrow intwodays tomorrowevening等 bythistimetomorrow i llbelyingonthebeach thefuturecontinuoustense 基本形式 would should 动词原形 其中would用于各种人称 should常用于第一人称 theyweresuretheywouldwinthefinalvictory hedidn texpectthatweshould would allbethere thefutureinthepast 过去将来时的一些其它表达形式 1 was were goingto 动词原形hesaidhewasgoingtotry 2 was were to 动词原形theysaidtherailwaywastobeopenedtotrafficonmayday thefutureinthepast 3 was wereabout 动词原形wewereabouttogooutwhenitbegantorain 4 过去进行时 一般多为动作概念较强的动词 如go come leave start open begin等 也可用于表示将来 ididn tknowwhentheywerecomingagain thefutureinthepast 用法注意点 1 在时间和条件状语从句中 常用一般过去时来表示过去将来时 hesaidhewouldcometoseeyouwhenhehadtime 2 would 动词原形 可表示过去习惯性的动作 不管什么人称 都可用would whenhewasachild hewouldgetupearly thefutureinthepast 将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作 与before 将来时间或by 将来时间连用 也可与before或bythetime引导的现在时的从句连用 例 bytheendofthisweek ishallhavefinishedthebook thechildrenwillhavegonetosleepbythetimewegethome thefutureperfecttense 注意 使用这种时态时 多会涉及两个动作或状态 一个在前 一个在后 叙述前面的动作或状态 动词要用将来完成时 叙述后面的动作或状态 动词要用一般现在时 wewillhavecompletedtheworkbeforeyoucome wewillhaveplayedballwhenyoucome 或whenyoucome wewillhaveplayedball hesaysthathewillhavegraduatedfromauniversitybeforeyoureturnhome thefutureperfecttense bytheendofthismonth wesurely asatisfactorysolutiontotheproblem a havefoundb willbefoundc willhavefoundd arefindingtheconference afullweekbythetimeitends a musthavelastedb willhavelastedc wouldlastd haslasted thefutureperfecttense 1 look howwonderfulmycaris oh jack whatareyouthinkingabout don tyoulikeit i msorryi anyremarkaboutitintime icertainlythinkit ssmart a wasn tmakingb don tmakec won tmaked didn tmake2 tofindthestreetwhereilivedinmychildhoodisnoeasytaskbecausethecity sorapidlyalltheseyears a ischangingb haschangedc willhavechangedd willchange3 he quitewell buthehasn thadtimetoswimsincethissummer a willswimb haveswumc swamd swims4 jimmysaidthathewouldcometopickmeup buthe bynow a hasn tturnedupb doesn tturnupc won tturnupd hadn tturnedup 5 i mterriblysorryforbeinglate buti thewrongbus a catchb hadcaughtc caughtd catching6 thetruth sir isthattheoldman acrosstheroadwhenmycarhithim a wastowalkb hadbeenwalkingc walkedd waswalking7 ireallydon tthinkrosewillbeupset butiwillgoandseeherincaseshe a isb doesc willbed hasbeen8 thecomputersmadebyourcompanysellbest butseveralyearsagonoonecouldhaveimaginedtheroleinthemarketsthatthey a wereplayingb weretoplayc hadplayedd played 9 kateisinhospital oh really i visither a didn tknow i llgoandb don tknow i llgoandc don tknow i mgoingtod didn tknow i mgoingto10 where theguidebook ican tseeitanywhere i itrighthere butnowit sgone a didyouput haveputb hadyouput haveputc haveyouput putd wereyouputting put11 doyouliveinthiscity no we itforholidays a justvisitb justvisitedc arejustvisitingd havevisited12 howistheoldmannow sorry he thoughtheydidalltheycouldtosavehim a wasdeadb haddiedc hasbeendeadd died 13 thelakewillbefurtherpollutedunlesssomemeasures a willbetakenb aretakenc weretakend hadbeentaken14 i mafraiditwillbetwomonths a whenicomebackb wheni llcomebackc beforeicomebackd beforei llcomeback15 theworkers busilywhenthebosscametolookforsomethinghe intheoffice a hadworked hadleftb wereworking hadleftc working hadleftd hadworked left16 thenotice nosmoking a istoldb readsc tellsd isread 17 theoldman twodaysafterhehadbeensenttohospital a diedb woulddiec haddiedd hasdied18 oldmcdonaldgaveupsmokingforawhile butsoon tohisoldways a returnedb returnsc wasreturningd hadreturned19 i myson adoctor buthewasn tgoodenoughatscience a hoped wouldbecomeb hadhoped wouldbecomec hadhoped willbecomed hope willbecome20 i totakeagoodholidaythisyear butiwasn tabletogetaway a hopeb havehopedc hadhopedd hoped21 helen herkeyintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband home a hasleft comesb left hadcomec hadleft camed hadleft wouldcome 22 hesteppedintotheoffice downandbegantofillintheforms a sittingb tositc satd havingit23 shesaidshewouldtelephonebutwe fromhersofar a haven theardb didn thearc hadn theardd won thear24 whenigottothecinema thefilm fortenminutes a hasbegunb hadbegunc hadbeenond was25 i llgowithyouassoonasi myhomework a willfinishb finishc amfinishingd finished26 ifit tomorrow iwon tgotothecinema a willrainb rainsc israiningd rained27 sheisgoingtobeanursewhenshe up a isgoingtogrowb growsc growingd grew 28 这本书我已经买了三个月了 whichiswrong a ihavehadthisbookforthreemonths b ihaveboughtthisbookforthreemonths c iboughtthisbookthreemonthsago d itisthreemonthssinceiboughtthisbook 29 comein peter iwanttoshowyousomething oh howniceofyou i you tobringmeagift a neverthink aregoingb neverthought weregoingc didn tthink weregoingd had tthought weregoing30 wheniwasatcollegei threeforeignlanguages buti allexceptforafewwordsofeach a spoke hadforgottenb spoke haveforgottenc hadspoken hadforgottend hadspoken haveforgotten31 thepolicefoundthatthehouse andalotofthings a hasbrokeninto hasbeenstolenb hadbrokeninto hadbeenstolenc hasbeenbrokeninto stolend hadbeenbrokeninto stolen 32 thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit a wi