石油英语 ppt

TheThreeSubdivisionsofOilIndustry 报告人 郑玉航张梦璐赵天健赵清鹏 Part1WhatIstheDownstream Part2OilandGasRefining Part3Products 目录Content 1 WhatIstheDownstream PartOneWhatIstheDownstream PartOneWhatIstheDownstream PartOneWhatIstheDownstream PartOneWhatIstheDownstream Analysis Itisalsowheresupplymeetsdemandandwherecustomersmeetcompanies Itisalso wheresupplymeetsdemand and wherecustomersmeetcompanies Itisalso wheresupplymeetsdemand and wherecustomersmeetcompanies 下游产业也是满足消费者需求 企业与消费者直接交流的环节 PartOneWhatIstheDownstream PartOneWhatIstheDownstream Analysis Thisiswheretheefficiencyofthemidstreamandupstreameffectshowmuchandforwhatpriceoilcanbesold Thisis wheretheefficiency ofthemidstreamandupstream effects howmuchandforwhatprice oilcanbesold 上游 中游产业的效率将影响原油的销售量及价格 PartOneWhatIstheDownstream 02 03 04 01 Atoilrefineries thecrudeoilthathasbeentransportedviapipelinefromupstreamoperationsisconvertedintousablefromsincludinggasoline diesel jetflueandevenanantifreezeandpropane 炼油厂将上游产业通过输油管道输送来的原油转变为可用形态 包括汽油 柴油 喷气燃料 防冻剂和丙烷 PartOneWhatIstheDownstream antifreeze 防冻剂anti 反对的antiwar 反战的 antipathy 反感的 antithesis 对立 反论antibacterial 抗菌的 antibody 抗体 crudeoil jetflue antifreeze propane gasoline diesel PartOneWhatIstheDownstream Jobinthedownstreamsectorincludeprocesshazardanylysts taxaccountants plantoperators maintenancesupervisors contractmanagersandinstrumentengineer hazard 赌运气 冒 风险maintenance 维修 维护 PartOneWhatIstheDownstream processhazardanylysts 流程风险分析师Crudeoilandpetroleumproductscompaniesminimizerisksandmaximizeprofitstaxaccountants 税务会计plantoperators 设备操作员maintenancesupervisors 设备维修主管instrumentengineer 仪表工程师contractmanagers 合同管理员Draftingcontract negotiation management registration PartOneWhatIstheDownstream 2 OilandGasRefining Flowchart body 为了将原油合成为可用产品 必须首先处理 原油精炼过程遵循一个严格的过程 在这个过程的中心是简单的蒸馏 Inorderforcrudeoiltobesynthesizedintousableproducts itmustfirstbeprocessed Therefiningprocessforcrudeoilfollowsaregimentedprocess Atthecenterofthisprocessissimpledistillation 由于原油由几种不同的烃类物质组成 精炼的第一步过程包括将不同的分子分离成不同的基团或部分 Itfollowsthatbecausecrudeoilismadeupofseveraldifferenthydrocarbons thefirststepintherefiningProcessinvolvesseparatingthosedifferentmoleculesapartintoseparategroupsorfractions regimented非常严格的 死板的 严格规划的 排列整齐的distillation蒸馏法 化 蒸馏 蒸馏作用 蒸馏物molecules 化 物 分子 克分子 口 微小颗粒fraction分数 小部分 小数 少量 body 分离法利用烃化物的不同沸点 原油随后在蒸馏塔中加热 然后蒸发 接着准备分离 最轻的化学物质首先蒸发 并且通常被进一步处理成液态石油或石脑油 Theseparationmethodtakesadvantageofthedifferentboilingpointsofthehydrocarbons Thecrudeoilisthenheatedupindistillationcolumnswheretheyevaporateandarethenreadytobeseparated ThelightestofthechemicalsevaporatefirstandusuallyarefurtherprocessedintoLiquidpetroleumornaphtha 中间蒸发温度的碳氢化合物 称为中间馏分 生产喷气燃料和煤油 而最重的元素形成残渣燃料油 为了恢复最重的元素 有时必须达到1100华氏度的温度 Hydrocarbonswithmiddleevaporatetemperatures calledmiddledistillates producejetfuelandkerosenewhiletheheaviestelementsformresidualfueloil Torecovertheheaviestelements temperaturesof1 100degreesFahrenheitmustsometimesbereached boilingpoint沸点Theboilingpointofasubstanceisthetemperatureatwhichthevaporpressureoftheliquidequalsthepressuresurroundingtheliquidandtheliquidchangesintoavapor distillationcolumns蒸馏塔evaporatev 挥发 蒸发naphtha轻油 又称石脑油 白电油Naphthacanbeusedforcoalgasextraction middledistillates中间馏分jetfuel飞机燃料kerosene煤油residualfueloil残渣燃料油Fahrenheitn 华氏温标 adj 华氏温标的 Threeelementsofdistillation middledistillates Middledistillatesareusedtoproducesuchasjetfuelandkerosene Heaviestelements Heavyoil istheremainingofthedistillation Itshighcombustiontemperature flameradiationcapacityisstrong Sotheheavyoilisagoodfuelforsteelproduction Naphthaandpetroleum Naphthaisoneofpetroleumproducts alsoknownaschemicallightoil mainlyfortherestructuringandchemicalrawmaterials Petroleum Oneofthemainobjectsofoil isaviscous darkbrownliquidcalled Industrialblood 3 Products 23 liquefiedpetroleumgases naphtha 23 gasoline kerosene 23 diesel fueloil 23 lubricantoils asphalt petroleumcoke 24 productsusedineverydayapplications 1 transportation 2 heating 24 rubber nylon plastrics 25 原油经初步蒸馏 通过使用其它再蒸馏单元 转化单元 对烃进行化学改性 通过裂化 结合或改变分子 可以提高初始产物收率 炼油厂的传统操作方式考虑到了产品价格的巨大变化和消费的季节性 对于第一种情况 一些炼油厂能够很快地根据产品的市场价值进行调整 并产生最佳的产品经济组合 以最大限度地提高利润 另一方面 炼油厂也考虑到了消费的季节性 通常在夏季或北半球的 驾驶季节 生产更多的汽油 在冬季生产更多的热油 Thecrudeoilisinitallydistilledandtheinitialproductyieldscanbeimprovedbyusingotherrefningunits conversionunits tochemicallymodifythehydrocarbons bycracking combiningoralteringthemolecules Theclassicalwayofoperatingtherefinerytakesintoaccountthewidevariationinpriceandtheseasonalityofconsumptionfortheproducts Forthefrstone somerefineriesareabletoadjustquitequicklytothemarketvalueoftheproductsandgeneratetheoptimaleconomicalmixofproductstomaximizelevenue Ontheotherhand refinersalsotakeintoaccounttheseasonalityofconsumption usuallyproducingmoregasolineduringthesummeror drivingseason intheNorthernHemisphere andmoreheatingoilduringthewinter 25 crudeoil productyieldscanbeimproved initallydistilled usingotherrefningunits 25 Theclassicalwayofoperatin