Unit 5 Theme parks构词法.docx

构词法编稿：张桂琴 审稿：梁晓概念引入：Letsgooutforawalk .我们到外面去散散步吧。Didyoubookaseatontheplane? 你订好飞机座位了吗?Wewilltryourbesttobetterourlivingconditions. 我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。Theoldinourvillagearelivingahappylife. 我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。语法讲解：英语构词法种类英语构词法主要有：合成法，转化法，派生法，混成法，截短法和词首字母缩略法。定义与精讲. 合成 : 有两个或更多的词合成一个词。复合名词class + room = classroom (名词+名词)black+ board= blackboard (形容词+名词)复合形容词warm + heart + ed = warmhearted 热心肠的good + looking = good-looking 相貌好看的world +wide= worldwide世界性的hard+ working=hard-working 努力工作的 复合动词 over + come = overcome克服 (副词+动词)复合数词 fifty+ four= fifty-four复合代词everyone ,somebody, anything, nobody ( 不定代词+名词)复合副词down+ stairs = downstairs在楼下( 形容词+名词) whole+ heartedly =wholeheartedly 全神贯注地(副词+副词)2. 派生 : 是通过在词根上加前缀或者后缀构成一个新词。 happy - unhappydevelop - development前缀:一般只引起意思上的变化而不造成词类的变化，只有少数能引起词类的变化。mis- 错误的 + understand v. 理解 - misunderstand v. 误解en + large adj. 大的 - enlarge v. 扩大后缀:一般只引起词性上的变化而不造成意思的变化。care v. 照料 - careful adj. 细心的work v. 工作 - worker n. 工人常见的前缀(A)表示否定的前缀： un-unfair, unhappy non-nonsmoker (常用在n. adj. adv. 前) in-inactive (常用在adj.前 dis-disagree, disappear, dislike im-impolite, impossible (用在b,p,m 开头的词前) (B).表示错误或失误的前缀: mis-misunderstand, misdirect(误导)(C)表示两个,双边的前缀： bi- bicolor ( 双色的), bicycle(D)表示相互,交互,在一起的前缀 interinterview, international, internet(E)表示又,再,重新的前缀 rereview, return, rewrite(F)表示远的前缀tele telephone, television常见的后缀动词变名词：-tion educate-education, invite-invitation, predict-prediction-ment development, movement, disappointment-er teacher, worker, runner, singer-or visitor, sailor, tutor, actor名词后缀补充:-ist ( 人,名词后缀)science-scientist, terror-terrorist-ese( 民族,语言,名词后缀)Chinese, Japanese形容词变名词-ness goodgoodness, happy-happiness,busy-business , carecareless-carelessness-ity able-ability, possible-possibility 名词变形容词：-y: windy, rainy, healthy, cloudy, funny, sunny-ish: foolish, childish, girlish-some: handsome, troublesome-ous: dangerous, humorous-ful: helpful, careful, peaceful, colorful-less: homeless, helpless, careless ,useless -ed surprised, bored ,excited ,relaxed, interested -ing surprising, boring ,exciting ,relaxing, interesting, outstanding名词变形容词-al: traditional, international, nature-natural5. 名词、形容词变动词：-ify: beauty-beautify, simple-simplify-ize: realize-en: quicken, sharpen , widen3. 转化 : 是指有一种词类转化为另一种词类。单词转化后的意义往往与之前的意义联系密切. 常见的转化形式：动词 - 名词名词 - 动词 形容词-动词动词-名词 water n. 水 - water vt. 浇水stop v. 停止 - n.车站watch v. 观看 - -n. 手表look v. 看-have a look n. 看 walk v. 散步,走-take a walk n.散步love v. 爱-your love n. 爱名词 -动词 hand n. 手 - vt. 上交seat n. 座位- vt. 坐nurse n. 护士- vt. 护理oil n. 油- vt. 上油time n. 时间- vt. 定时，测时show n. 展示,秀-vt. 表演,秀-形容词-动词 open (adj. 开着的)open( v.开) clean(adj. 清洁的)-clean(v.打扫) slow( adj. 慢的)-slow ( v. 放慢) 【高清课堂：367656，构词法，其它构词法 】4.截短法(缩略法)截短法，即将单词缩写，词义和词性保持不变，主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。1)截头telephone phone aeroplane planeomnibus bus2)去尾mathematics maths co-operate co-opexamination exam kilogram kilolaboratory lab taxicab taxi3)截头去尾influenza flu refrigerator fridge prescription script5.混合法(混成法)混合法，即将两个词混合或各取一部分紧缩而成一个新词。后半部分表示主体;前半部分表示属性。news broadcast newscast新闻广播television broadcast telecast电视播送smoke and fog smog烟雾helicopter airport heliport 直升飞机场6.首尾字母