高中英语阅读训练-主旨标题.doc

此文档收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除高考英语阅读主旨标题选择攻略阅读原则：所有信息必须来自阅读的文章，不要掺杂主观的想法。主旨标题1. 该题型的询问方式：What is the text mainly about?Which of the following best described the main point of the passage?What is the writer trying to tell us?Which of the following is the best title for the passage?The primary/ main purpose of the passage is _.The main/ general idea of the passage is _.The passage is mainly about _.What is mainly discussed in the passage?2. 解题方法：A. 选择标题和主题实际是考察同一问题文章主旨大意，只不过它们的形式有所不同：前者通常是一个名词词组，后者通常以一句话的形式出现。标题具有概括性、针对性和醒目性的特点。B. 正确选项常含有抽象名词或概括性词语，一般不出现细节信息，不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词。那些概括全文、内容全面、含义深刻、说明道理的选项一般是正确答案。C. 抓主题句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主题句表达的是段落主题大意,对文章有指导和限定作用,她具有以下特点:有明显的概括性，句子结构简单、精练；段中其它句子均用来解释、支撑、扩展主题句所阐述的中心思想。主题句一般出现在文章的开头或结尾。用归纳法撰写的文章, 大都是表述细节的句子在前, 概述性的句子居后, 此时主题句就是文章的最后一句。它总是依据上文的细节推出的结论或建议、归纳的要点或得出的观察结果和印象。用演绎法撰写的文章, 大都遵循从一般到个别的写作程序, 即从概述开始, 随之辅以细说。这时, 主题句就是文章的第一句。主题句出现在语篇中,一般包括三个层次:引题点出主题解释说明、提问并给予例证。D. 如果文章没有主题句，可以用“话题法”。在阅读完文章后，先找出这篇文章的话题，即文章是围绕什么事物或事件展开的，然后思考：关于这一话题，作者讲述了哪几个方面。(见例题E)例题：AA study of a university in Shanghai had found that many of the students there are using a quote（引语）from the Italian poet Dante as a kind of motto. The study of Fudan University, one of Chinas top universities, of 489 students, found that 82 had chosen Dantes “Follow your own path and dont worry about what others say” as their motto, out of 278 people who said they had a motto. This was followed by “Believe yourself” and “Self-improvement without stop.”Students also expressed a common hope for greater understanding and care and said they were always ready to give a hand to those in need.Some researchers think that mottoes can play an important part in childrens growth and they say that a good motto can help children develop a better character.The best title for the passage should be _.AStudents and PoetBMottoes and LearningCMottoes and Character Developing DUnderstanding CareBBritish society is considered to be divided into three main groups of classesthe upper class, the middle class, and the lower or working class. This is known as the class system and it is important to know something about it if you mean to understand British people and society. Most British people grow up with a deep knowledge and understanding of the class system even if they are not very conscious of it. As a result, more people know which class they belong to and are able to tell which class other people come from by the way they speak, the kind of clothes they wear, their interests and hobbies or even the type of food they eat.Social class is not only about behavior and attitudes. For example, although many upper class people are rich and may own a lot of land, having a lot of money does not necessarily make a person one member of the upper class. It is also important to come from a particular kind of family, have friends who are considered suitable, have been to a certain type of private school and speak with the right kind of accent. There are people who are poor but who do not think of themselves as working class because their family background, education, political opinions, etc. are basically different from those of most working-class people. Many people do not like the class system but it is impossible to pretend that these differences do not exist or that British people do not sometimes form opinions in this way.What would be the best title for the passage?AAn Unequal Society BSocial Class in BritainCBritish People and Society DInformation about BritainCAs we grow up, we gradually develop a set of our own values or beliefs. These are influenced by society, our family, the education we receive and so on. Once this value system is set up, its not easy to change later in life. Financial experts say that every one also has their own belief of how to manage their money. According to our different values, experts put us in three categories. They are: the ant, the cricket and the snail. The ant works firstJust like ants who work heart and soul in summer in order to store food for winter, these people dont care about enjoying the moment. They work very hard and save money they earn so that they can enjoy life when they get old and retire. The ant loves to save but they could make more out of their money if they were willing to invest in some funds and stocks (股票) with low risk. The cricket fun firstThe cricket wants to enjoy everything now and doesnt think too much about the future. They even borrow money when they really want something. Many young people now belong to this group. These people have little savings. When they get old, they might have problems. They should learn to save and buy insurance (保险). The snail lives under pressureThe snail refers to people who make life difficult for themselves. They take big long-term loans(贷款) from the bank in order to buy things such as luxury houses. They are happy to take big loans even though they are not sure they can afford it. This can cause problems in the future. They should plan more carefully.According to the passage, the most suitable title would be _.A. Spending Nature B. What Comes FirstC. How to Understand Your Values D. Work and FunDEd Jocelyn and Andy McEwen might have appeared to be a bit mad-the two set off on their own “Long March” through the remotest regions of China on October 16. The idea was to take a year to retrace one of the epic (史诗般的) movements of modern military history.The two British men in their mid-30s were working as editors in Beijing when they decided to relive the tales of the original marches. “We hold these people in such esteem,” McEwen says.They plan to keep diaries but will not share the contents during the trip. “When we get to the end well put our heads together and try and come up with a book,” Jocelyn said.Their trip has had some auspicious beginning, they have already met two Long March veterans(老战士) in less than a month of travel.In this modern version, the pair are aided by high-tech equipment including a satellite phone, mini-computer, video camera and solar panels to recharge batteries. A mountain tent and portable stove will help them in the remoter stretches.They plan to average 35-40 kilometers a day, and rest about every third day. Ed admitted that their trip would be very tough.If they succeed, they will be the first foreigners to complete the entire Long March route since Otto Braun, the German military advisor who accompanied the Red Army on the Long March.This text is mainly about _.Ahigh-tech equipment helpful to the Long March Bfirst foreigners to walk the Long MarchCBritish editors adventure original in China DBritish recall of the Long March spiritEA good modern newspaper is an extraordinary piece of reading. It is remarkable first for what it contains; the range of news from local crime to international politics, from sport to business to fashion to science, and the range of comments and special features（特写）as well, from editorial page to feature articles and interviews to criticism of books, art, theatre and music. A newspaper is even more remarkable for the way one reads it: never completely, never straight through, but always by jumping from here to there, in and out glancing at one piece, reading another article all the way through, reading just a few paragraphs of the next. A good modern newspaper offers a variety to attract many different readers, but far more than any reader is interested in. What brings this variety together in one place is its topicality（时事性）, its immediate relation to what is happening in your world and your locality now. But immediacy and the speed of production that goes with it mean also that much of what appears in newspaper has no more than transient（短暂的）value. For all these reasons ,no two people really read the same paper; what each person does is to put together out of the pages of that days paper, his own selection and sequence（连续）, his own newspaper. For all these reasons, reading newspapers efficiently, which means getting what you want from them without missing things you need but without wasting time, demands skill and self-awareness as you modify and apply the techniques of reading.The best title for this passage would be _.AThe Importance of Newspaper Topicality BThe Characteristics of a Good NewspaperCThe Variety of a Good Newspaper DSome Suggestions on How to Read a NewspaperFThe seas and rivers are being poisoned by radioactive wastes, by chemical discharges and by the dumping of dangerous raw swage (污水). The air we breathe is polluted by smoke and fumes from factories and motor vehicles; even the rain is poisoned.Its little wonder forests and lakes are being destroyed and everywhere wildlife is disappearing, and yet the destruction continues.Governments and industries throughout the world are intensifying (加紧) their efforts to extract the earths mineral riches and to destroy its living resources.The great rain-forest and the frozen continents alike are seriously threatened, despite the warnings of the scientific community and the deep concern of millions of ordinary people.In fact, we can create environmentally clean industries, use the power of the sun, wind and waves for our energy needs and manage the finite（有限的） resources of the earth in a way that will safeguard our future and protect all the rich variety of life-forms which share this planet with us.The main idea of the passage is that _.Athe seas and rivers are being poisoned Bwe can protect natural environmentsCthe natural world is under violent attack from manDgovernments and industries should be responsible for the destruction of the natural worldGA world of opportunityThe New York Times is now better than everAll the more reasons to order home delivery now.NEW-Separate sections for The Arts, Monday through Thursday, and Sports 7 days a week that you can pull out, take with you or pass along.NEW-The House & Home section. Thursday, filled with useful, interesting features and articles about making the most of all sorts of living spaces.NEW-An expanded, two-part Weekend section. Fridays, with more ideas about movies, shows, art exhibitions, outdoor and indoor recreation.Latest news and sports results daily. And of course, daily world and national news, Sundays special sections and all the other great features youll continue to find in The Times.Find out just how much YOU can benefit from The Times everyday.Call I-800-331-1969 or use the postage-paid order card convenient home delivery at 50% off our regular price.The main idea of this advertisement is that .Amany opportunities will be provided just to those who order home deliveryBseveral new sections have been printed separately from now onCreaders can be well informed of the latest news and sports resultsDpeople can pick up all the information they are interested inHAt Turkish Airlines, its been one year since our first voyage in China. A time spent on providing nothing short of the finest, friendliest and most reliable air travel service around. A service which offers flyers simple booking, easy checkin, not to mention excellent inflight services and entertainment.It is with great pleasure then that we announce the introduction of the 3rd flight in our weekly service. From Beijing and Shanghai, we take you through both history and time. Flying over the Silk Road you arrive in the ancient capital of Istanbul at sunrise an unforgettable experience and from there we connect you to a further 100 destinations worldwide.So come experience what it is to travel across one of the worlds ancient trading routes in true style and comfort.Offer valid(有效) from June 7 to July 13. For terms and conditions, please contact your local travel agent at the Turkish Airlines Beijing and Shanghai offices:Beijing Tel: (010) 64651867/68/69/70 Fax: (010) 64651865E- mail: thybjs public 3. bta. net. cnShanghai Tel: (021) 32220022 Fax: (021) 32220021E- mail: thysha uninet. com. cnThe purpose of this passage is _.Ato introduce a new flight service by Turkish AirlinesBto show Turkish Airlines offers the best service in the worldCto invite you to visit Istanbul from ChinaDto announce the cheapest flight from Beijing to Istanbul练习：(1) We are all called upon to make a speech at some point in life, but most of us dont do a very good job. This article gives some suggestions on how to give an effective speech.So, you have to give a speechand you are terrified. You get nervous, you forget what you want to say, you stumble over words, you talk too long, and you bore your audience. Later you think, “Thank Goodness, its over. Im just not good at public speaking. I hope I never have to do that again.”Cheep up! It doesnt have to be that bad. Here are some simple steps to take the pain out of speech making. Ask yourself the purpose of your speech. What is the occasion? Why are you speaking? Then, gather as many facts as you can on your subject. Spend plenty of your time doing your research. Then spend plenty of your time organizing your material so that your speech is clear and easy to follow. Use as many examples as possible, and use pictures, charts, and graphs if they help you make your points more clearly. Never forget your audience. Dont talk over their heads, and dont talk down to them. Treat your audience with respect. They will appreciate your thoughtfulness.Just remember: Be prepared. Know your subject, your audience, and the occasion. Be brief. Say what you have to say and then stop. And be yourself. Let your personality come through so that you make person-to-person contact with your audience.If you follow these simple steps, you will see that you dont have to be afraid of public speaking. In fact, you may find the experience so enjoyable that you volunteer to make more speeches! Youre not convinced yet? Give it a try and see what happens.1The main idea of this article is .Athat you can improve your speaking abilityBthat a poor speaker can never changeCto always make a short speechDthat it is hard to make a speech2. The title for this passage may be .ADo Not Make a Long SpeechBHow to Give a Good SpeechCHow to prepare for a Speech DTry to Enjoy a speech (2) Consulates (领事馆) exist to help citizens abroad to help themselves. Every year millions of people go abroad for pleasure or profit. There are consular officers ready to do what they can to help if people get into difficulties, but for all sorts of reasons there are limits to what they can do. Most times things go well for travellers abroad but occasionally things go wrong. So, whether you are an experienced traveller or a first timer, going by yourself, with the family or a group there are things you should do before you go. Think about money and tickets well in advance. Take enough money including enough to pay your return fare, and hold on to it. Better still, buy return tickets in the first place. In an emergency a consul will contact relatives or friends and ask them to help you with money or tickets. But theres no law that says a consul has to lend you money and if he eventually does (and it will have to be repaid) he will want to be satisfied first that you really do have no money and there is no one else you know who can help. It is also important to take out proper insurance for everything from car breakdowns to loss of life. A consul cannot pay your medical or any other bills, nor can he do the work of local travel representatives or motoring organizations.What is the author trying to do in the text? A. To inform people about laws abroad. B. To describe an international problem. C. To explain how to visit a consulate. D. To give advice about consulates.(3)Gene technology can help people to give birth to more healthy and clever children. Some families, with the English imperial family being a good example, have hereditary diseases. This means their children will for sure have the family disease, which is a great trouble for these families. In the past, doctors could do nothing about hereditary diseases. But gene technology can solve this problem perfectly. The scientist just need to find the wrong gene and correct it and a healthy child will be born.Whats the main idea of this paragraph?A. How gene technology can be applied in the field of treating hereditary diseases.B. Gene technology can be used to clone human babies.C. Gene technology can help people to give birth of a baby.D. Gene technology can help the English imperial family out(4)Believe it or not，optical illusion (错觉) can cut highway crashes. Japan is a case in point. It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nearly 75 percent using a simple optical illusion. Bent stripes，called chevrons (人字形) painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are，and thus drivers slow down. Now the American Association Foundation for Traffic Safety in Washington D.C. is planning to repeat Japans success. Starting next year, the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes. Excessive speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all fatal traffic accidents, according to the foundation .To help reduce those accidents，the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed - related hazards are the greatest -curves，exit slopes，traffic circles，and bridges. Some studies suggest that straight，horizontal bars painted across roads can i