上海中考时态讲解及练习

基本概念讲解（一）一般现在时含义 ：（ 1 ）表示现在经常发生的动作或存在的状态she is a teacher.she works in a middle school.（2 ）客观真理或普遍真理the earth moves around the sun.具体语境 )标志词 ： always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never,at weekends,onsundays, every week/day/year (注意：有这些标志词并不一定就用一般现在时，还要结合结构 ：（ 1 ）主语 +am, is, are +其他。(2)主语 +动词（三单 /原形） + 其他。（二）现在进行时结构 ：主语 +am/is/are + 现在分词（ ing ）+ 其他。含义 ：（ 1）现在此时此刻正在发生的动作。标志词 ：now ，look, listen, be quite, at the moment, these days, this weekbe quite. the baby is sleeping. look! she is dancing.these days we are helping the farmers work on the farm.（ 2 ）可以表示一般将来时。此时多与arrive, go, come, leave, get等表示位移的动词连用we are leaving for shanghai.我们即将动身去上海。he is coming in three days.精品资料（三）一般过去时含义：（ 1 ）过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态。与lastweek/month/year,yesterday,two years ago, in the past, once, in 1990等连用。（2 ）过去习惯性或经常性的动作，此时和always, often, usually等连用结构 ：主语 +动词过去式 +其他。（四）过去进行时含义：过去某个时刻或某一时间段内进行或发生的动作。结构：主语 + was/were + doing +其他。判断依据：（1） ）由时间状语来判断at this time yesterday/ last year, at that time, at 7:oclock yesterday/last sunday they were having a pe class at four yesterday afternoon.he was waiting an important phone this time yesterday.（2） ）在 when, while等引导的时间状语从句中动作用过去进行时，短动作用一般过去时。在 when ，while引导的时间状语从句中，一个长动作发生时，另一个短动作发生。此时长while we were having dinner, the light went off.i was walking on the street when someone called me.while引导的时间状语从句两个动作同时发生，两个动作可用过去进行时，也可用一般过去时。i was cooking the dinner while he was playing the piano.i cooked dinner while he played the piano.练习：1. mary a dress when she cut her finger.a. madeb. is makingc. was makingd. makes2. my brother while he his bicycle and hurt himself.a. fell, was ridingb. had fallen, was ridingc. falls, was riding3. i first met lisa three years ago. she at a bookstore at that time.a. has workedb. was workingc. workedd. has worked（五）一般将来时含义：即将要发生的动作标志词： tomorrow, next, next week/month/year, in the future, the coming(即将来临的 ), someday, in +段时间，soon结构：主语 + will do + 其他。主语 +am/is/are going to +do +其他。打算做某事（六）现在完成时含义：（1） ）表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果(完成时用法 )come and have breakfast with us.thank you. ive just had it.(我已经吃过了，现在不吃了)we have just cleaned the classroom.(我们刚刚把教室打扫了，现在教室干净了。)（2） ）表示从过去一直延续到现在的动作或状态（未完成时用法）he has stayed in shanghai for three years. he has had the computer for three years.标志词：already, just, yet, before, never, ever（曾经） , recently, these days, since +过去的时间点， in the past/last few years/months, ever since,for+ 时间段 , so far, up to now（到目前） 结构：主语 +has/have +过去分词 +其他。（七）过去完成时含义： 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去构成：主语 +助动词had + 过去分词 +其他。（ had通用于各种人称）they had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.she had finished writing the composition by 10： 00 this morning.判断依据1. 由时间状语来判定（ 1 ） by +过去的时间点。i had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night.（ 2 ） by the end of +过去的时间点。we had learned over two thousand english words by the end of last term.（ 3 ） by the time +一般过去时句子“到的时候”by the time i got home, my little brother had gone to bed.( 4 ) before +过去的时间点。they had planted six hundred trees before last wednesday.2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。过去完成时表示“过去的过去”， 是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系， 动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在时间状语从句中 :主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。when i got to the station, the train had already left.after he had finished his homework, he went to bed.the film had already started when i got there.li lei had cleaned the blackboard before the teacher came into the classroom.3.根据上、下文来判定。peter didn t go to see the film yesterday because he had seen it before. one of the men didnt move, because he had broken his legs.练习1. have you finished your homework yet? yes, i it twenty minutes ago.a. have finishedb. finishedc. will finishd. had finished2. are betty still living in shanghai? no, she to zhangzhou.a. are movedb. will movec. have just movedd. move3. he in the factory for three years before he joined the army.a. has workedb. worksc. had workedd. will work4. when you called me last night, i for the maths exam.a. was preparingb. preparec. had preparedd. am preparing5. when the spring festival , many people will spend their holiday abroad.a. comesb. will comec. camed. has come6. we are glad to know that we to hong kong to spend the holiday next week.a. flyb. flewc. will flyd. have flown7. rich a lot about chinese cultures since he came to chines.a. learnedb. will learnedc. has learnedd. was learning8. excuse me. can you tell me if the sports meeting on time? it s hard to say. if it rains tomorrow, we will have to put it off.a. heldb. would holdc. was heldd. will be held9. by the time he was twenty, he two companies.a. ownedb. has ownedc. was owningd. had owned10. when i got to the cinema, the film for five minutes.a. had begunb. was onc. has begund. had been on11. soon you a senior high school student. isnt it exciting?a. becomeb. will becomec. becamed. have become12. my dad promised on his birthday that he up smoking in the near future.a. will giveb. would givec. was givingd. gave13. by the end of last month, my sister all cds of mariah carey.a. collectedb. have collectedc. collectd. had collected14. by six o clock they for twelve hours.a. workedb. would workc. has workedd. had worked15. my family and i my grandparents in new york this time last year.a. visitedb. are visitingc. had visitedd. were visiting16. the whites many trees in the garden since they moved here.a. plantedb. have plantedc. would plantd. were planting17. tom didn t go to hear the singer because he him.a. heard