建筑专业英语术语

英- 汉部分a aacceptance验收acceptance lot验收批量acceptance criterion验收准则（标准） acceptance report验收报告acceptance test验收试验access通道 /入口access opening 检修孔 /人孔accident shutdown 事故停堆action item 行 动 项aerial cable架空电缆 /高空电缆aerial lift/work 高空吊运 /作业aggregate 骨 料air content 含 气 率air delivery pipe排气管air meter量 气 计 air pump气泵anchor锚固 /锚固件anchor bolt锚固 /地脚螺栓anchorage device锚具/锚固设备angle角钢annex building附属厂房annular girder环形梁arched dome穹顶architectural construction material建筑材料architectural design建筑设计architectural decoration建筑装修as-built drawing竣工图assessment评价 /评定audit审 计 / 监 察 audit record审计记录authorized to proceed（ atp ） 开工令auxiliary building辅助厂房award of bid决标axial line轴 线 b bbackfill回填backup备用bar bender钢筋弯曲机bar cutter钢筋切割机bar splice钢筋接头bar splicing钢筋搭接bar-setter钢筋工cesspool化粪池barricade护栏/ 围栏civil construction土木建筑basemat / base slab底板civil works土建工程batch plant搅拌站coarse sand粗砂beam大臂 /梁coating涂层bearing capacity承载能力code代码/规范blasting爆破coil线圈 /盘圆block brick大型砌块cold-rolled steel冷轧钢blowtorch喷灯cold joint冷缝bolt螺栓concealedwork 隐蔽工程bottom head底封头concrete混凝土brace支撑 /剪力撑 /角撑concrete placement混凝土浇筑brick砖concreting混凝土浇筑bridge crane行吊/桥式起重机conductor导体 /导线briefing交底conduit管道butt welding对接焊containment安全壳c cconstruction joint施工缝cable tray电缆槽construction scheme施工方案cast-in-situ concrete structure现浇混凝contract合同土结构contractor承包商cement水泥control控制/调节cement mortar水泥砂浆control damper/valve控制阀conventional island(ci)常规岛dewater抽水cooling tower冷却塔developed view展开图corrective action纠正措施development length锚固长度contingency plan紧急预案distribution box配电箱cover plate盖板displacement位移conveyor belt传送带dowel定位销 /轴销critical path关键线路dowel bar插筋cross beam横梁drainage排水cws循环水drainage ditch/trench排水沟cure养护drawing图纸cushion block垫块dumper翻斗车chute滑槽e eclarify澄清effective length有效长度d deffective span有效跨度dado墙裙electrical arc welding电弧焊dead load静荷载electrical conductor电导体deformation变形elevation标高/立面deformed bar变形钢筋 /螺纹钢elevator电梯/ 升降机dental concrete填平找齐elevator pit电梯井design change设计变更elongation伸长率design specification设计要求embedded part预埋件detail design详细设计erection安装excavator挖掘机excavation负挖execution执行expansion joint伸缩缝external interface外部接口f ffair-faced concrete清水混凝土feed water pump给水泵fence围栏foreman工长fillet weld角焊 (缝)fire protection消防（措施） flammable material易燃的材料flashing闪蒸 /遮雨板 /防水板flitch木方floor-area ratio容积率floor drain地漏foot英尺formwork模板foundation地基 /基础foundation beam基础梁frame框 架 flange plate翼缘板g ggalvanizing镀锌gantry龙门架gantry crane龙门起重机generator发 电 机 girder主梁grade rod坡 度 尺 grader平土机 /推土机grit/ shot blast喷砂处理grounding接地grout水泥浆gutter水 槽 h hhandrail扶手hanger吊架hard hat安全帽health, safety & environment（hse ） 职业健康、安全与环境heat treatment热处理heavy haul road重型道路heavy crane大吊车hold point停工待检点 /检查点hoop箍筋hook吊 钩 housekeeping文明施工hot work动火作业hydraulic boom压力泵 i iidentification识别/鉴定illumination照明impurity杂质inch英寸inlet进 水 口 input/output输入 /输出inspection检查installation安装instruction说明书 /细则insulation保温/ 绝缘interface接口item物项isolation joint隔离缝j jjib crane悬臂式起重机job hazard analysis（ jha ） 工作危险因素分析job safety analysis（ jsa ） 工作安全因素分析joint design接缝尺寸joint detail节点图jump form爬升模板 k kkey键，销key plan平面布置总图kick-off meeting开工会议knee brace隅掌 /膝形拉条l llabel标 签 labor cost人工费ladder爬梯landslip滑坡landing plate就位板lap welding搭接焊layout drawing布置图leak泄漏leak chase pipe泄露槽管道life test寿命试验lift slab顶升楼板lifting lug吊环lintel过梁load-bearing wall承重墙loading装料，加载longitudinal seam纵（焊）缝longitudinal section纵剖面longitudinal bar纵 向 钢 筋 loop环路 /回路low alloy steel低合金钢lower mudmat下垫层lubricant润滑剂m mmain beam主梁main axis / major axis主轴/ 长轴man hole人孔 /检查孔manpower人力manual welding手工焊manufacturer制造商masonry砌体/砌筑masonry-concrete structure砖混结构masonry-timber structure砖 木 结 构 mass concrete / massive concrete大体积混凝土mast section标准节（塔吊） mechanical property机械性能mechanical strength机械强度membrane薄膜milestone里程碑miscellaneous steel零星钢micro pile微型桩mobilization order动员令mock-up training模拟培训model模型monitor监控mortar砂浆mudmat垫层upper mudmat上垫层lower mudmat下垫层n nnational standard国家标准near-miss incident未遂事件net height净高net span净跨度net water cement ratio净水灰比nipple外丝接头 /丝头 /螺纹接头nnsa核安全局nominal power额定功率non-shrinking steel抗变形钢non-uniform cross section beam变截面粱nondestructive testing/examination（ nde ）无损检测 /测试non-conformance report(ncr)不符合项报告non-safety related非核安全相关normal condition正常条件 /正常状态normal concrete普通混凝土notice of award（ nca ） 决标通知nuclear power plant （npp ） 核电厂nuclear safety inspection 核安全检查o ooffice building办公楼onsite厂内open flame明火open item开口项open wire明配线open trench明沟operating condition运行工况operating platform操作平台outlet出水口outline size/dimension外形尺寸outline drawing外 形 图 outside diameter外 径 overlap重叠 /搭接/焊瘤（焊接） overload超载owner业主p ppadding plate垫板partition plate隔板partition wall隔墙penetration贯穿件personal protective equipment（ ppe ） 个人防护设备piping管道系统pit liner基坑衬板place/pour浇注（混凝土） plain（ round ） bars普通圆钢plan平面图plant电厂position位置positioner定位器 /胎具pre-cast concrete预制混凝土pre-job briefing班前交底preliminary placement( 混凝土 )预浇筑initial setting time初 凝 时 间 processing加工procurement采购project cost工程造价project execution plan项目执行大纲project management项目管理project manager项目经理pump truck泵车purchase order订购单q qquality assurance （ qa ） 质量保证quality assurance program 质 保 大 纲quality inspection 质量检查quality certificate质量证书quality control（qc ） 质量控制quantity工程量r rraceway电缆通道rated capacity额定功率 /额定容量ratio of reinforcement配筋率reactor反应堆recovery复工refuel换料refueling machine换料机reinforced concrete structure钢筋混凝土结构rubble concrete毛石混凝土reinforcement钢筋 /余高、补强（焊接） release agent脱模剂 /隔离剂reliability可靠性report point报告点response time响应时间retention period保存期review comment评审意见revision修订版rework 返 工rigging 索 具rivet 铆 钉rock岩石rock wool岩棉rolled shape轧制型钢rotate旋转round bar圆钢round wire圆钢丝routine inspection常规检查s ssafekeeping安全保卫safety class安全等级safety lighting安全照明safety net/mesh安全网safety-related component核安全相关设备safety valve安全阀safety warning sign安全警示牌sampler取样器sand blasting喷砂处理scaffolder架子工scraper刮刀screed灰饼（用于测量定位的混凝土）screw螺丝sealant密封剂secondary beam次粱sectional view剖面图seismic classification抗震分级setting out放线setting out operator放线工settlement沉 降 segregation离析shear force剪切力shear reinforcement抗剪钢筋shear stud剪 力 钉 sheet steel薄钢板shield building屏蔽厂房shock load冲击载荷shock test冲击试验shotcrete喷混shut down停堆slab板sleeper timber枕木sleeve套筒slope area边坡slump坍落度snug washer平垫圈spacing of bars钢筋间距span跨距spare parts备品/ 备件spent fuel乏燃料spot/tack welding点焊stainless steel不锈钢stairway楼梯staking out放样standing water积水start up启动static pressure静压力starter grout润管砂浆strand钢绞线straw matting草帘stay-in-place form免拆模板steel plate钢板steel section型钢steel strip钢带steel wire钢丝step length步距/步长stiffness刚 度 stirrup箍筋stop bar挡板stop-work order停工令storage储存 /仓库stress应力structural steel钢结构stud柱头螺栓subcontractor分包商sump集水坑support point支撑点supporting plate支承板survey测量surveyor测量工suspended ceilings吊顶（棚） suspension frame悬挂架switchboard(distribution)配电盘spread beam平衡梁t ttemporary construction facility生产临建（tcf ）telescopic tube伸缩套管tendon钢筋束tensile strength抗拉强度tension ring拉力测力计tension test拉伸测试thickness meter厚度计 /测厚仪thinner稀释剂through tie对拉螺杆tie bar拉结钢筋tire-off挂扣tower crane塔吊transfer canal运输通道truck crane汽 吊 truss桁架turbine building汽轮机厂房turnover移交u uultrasonic examination超声检验undercut咬 边 （ 焊 接 ） underground trench地下管沟uniform cross-section beam等截面粱unusual service condition异常工作条件u-tubeu 型管upper head上封头v vvacuum pump真空泵valve阀门variance变更varnish清 漆 vent pipe通风管vertical pipe立管vibrating spear振动棒vibration frequencies振动频率visual inspection(or examination)目视检查w wwalkway走道wall beam墙梁warning sign警 示 标 牌 warranty period担保期 /保用期washer垫圈water truck洒水车sewage flow污水量water cement ratio水灰比waterproofing material防水材料waterstop止水带web plate腹板weld焊接weld crack焊接裂缝weld defects焊接缺陷weldability可焊性welder qualification焊工资格评定welding flux 焊 剂welding rod 焊 条welding wire 焊 丝welding sequence焊接顺序weld joint焊缝wire mesh钢丝网wire reinforcement钢丝配筋wire rope钢缆/ 钢索witness point见证点woodworker木 工 workload工作负荷work order工作指令work-related injury工伤work schedule工作进度表work shed工 棚 workshop车间 /研讨会work site工作现场workability和易性（混凝土）x xx-brace剪力撑x-ray identificationx 射线鉴定y yyard area场区yield strength屈服强度yield point屈 服 点 yield test屈服试验z zz-barz 形钢zinc dust锌粉汉英部分a a安装installation/erection安全带safety harness/safety belt安全帽hard hat/ helmet安全壳containment安全等级safety class 安全网safety mat/net 安全鞋safety shoes b b布置图layout drawing标高elevation 泵车pump truck 泵管pump pipe 边坡slope area不锈钢stainless steel不符合项nonconformance爆破blasting c c承包商contractor插筋dowel bar常规岛（ ci） conventional island承包商contractor采购procurement/purchase测量survey测量工surveyor初凝initial setting仓库storage/ warehouse抽水dewatering 冲毛green cutting d d打磨grind电气electrical搭接焊lap welding搭接长度overlapping length大体积混凝土mass concrete / massive concrete第一罐混凝土浇注first concrete date(fcd)地漏floor drain电弧焊electrical arc welding垫层mudmat底板basemat地基foundation/base垫板backing plate订购单purchase order地下管沟underground trench大吊车heavy crane电厂plante e二次搬运double handing二次浇注second pour二次振捣secondary vibration f f附属厂房annex building 辅助厂房auxiliary building 负挖excavation反应堆reactor building返工rework分包商subcontractor防水材料waterproofing material放热焊cadweld非核安全相关的non-safety related放线setting out防护眼镜goggles防雷接地材料grounding and lightning materialsg g钢筋下料bending and cutting赶工recovery给水泵feed water pump箍筋hoop/stirrup箍筋率stirrup ratio个人防护设备（ppe ） personal protective equipment工程造价project cost钢筋混凝土结构reinforced concrete structure钢筋支架rebar support钢板steel plate钢盖板 /压型钢板metal deck钢结构structural steel钢丝网wire mesh钢 筋 reinforcement/rebar/bar 关键控制点 key control point 供应商 supplier/vendor公 差 tolerance h h混凝土concrete核岛 (ni)nuclear island合同contract核电站（ npp ） nuclear power plant (混凝土 )预浇pre-placement会签单approval page决标award of bid焊接weld浇筑令pour card焊缝weld joint剪力撑cross bracing/x-brace焊条welding rod监控monitor核安全相关的safety related脚手架scaffold回填backfill进度计划schedulej j检查inspection机械设备mechanical equipment见证点witness point基础foundationk k基坑foundation pit开工令authorized to proceed基准bench mark抗剪钢筋shear reinforcement积水standing water抗拉强度tensile strength计算高度calculated height抗压强度compression strength计算误差calculation error抗震设计seismic design技术规格书specification控制点hold point给水water supply控制缝control joint净高net height孔洞pores角焊fillet weld框架结构frame structure接地grounding扣件coupler接口interfacel l搅拌站batch plant拉撑tension brace竣工图as-built drawing拉杆tie rod拉力tensile force拉条brace拉力试验tensile test拉毛broom-finishing蓝图规划blueprint planning冷焊cold weld冷拉钢筋cold-drawn rebar冷弯cold bending梁 beam连接connection联系钢筋bracing reinforcement 连续施工continuous construction 裂缝crack临界弯矩critical bending moment龙门吊gantry crane楼 梯 stair 楼 面 floor 螺 栓 bolt螺栓锚件bolt anchor 螺纹钢筋thread rebar 里程碑milestone零星钢miscellaneous steelm m麻面pockmark锚固件anchor锚固螺栓anchor bolt毛石混凝土rubble concrete明 沟 open trench 木 工 woodworker 模 块 module抹灰plastering免拆模板stay-in-place formwork (sip)n n耐火极限refractory limit耐火门fireproof door 挠度bending deflection 鸟瞰图birds-eye view 牛腿bracket凝结时间setting time女儿墙parapet wall o o偶然荷载 accidental load 耦合应力 coupling stress p p排水drainage/drain屈服荷载yield load排水沟drainage ditch/trench屈服面yield surface配电箱distribution boxr r配筋reinforcing bar热处理heat treatment配筋率reinforcement ratio人力动员manpower mobilization配合比mix proportion/ratio/design人工清理hand cleaning配重counter weight人孔manhole平面布置图layout plan热轧hot-rolled喷砂处理sand blasting容许荷载allowable load喷混shotcretes s屏蔽厂房shield building设备equipment培训training/orientation洒水车water truck坡口焊groove welding砂浆mortar剖面图sectional drawing设计坐标design coordinate普通混凝土common concrete伸缩缝expansion jointq q施工缝construction joint汽车吊mobile crane施工详图construction details汽轮机厂房turbine building施工方案construction scheme砌体masonry施工程序construction procedure砌块block施工单位construction unit强度计算strength calculation水灰比water cement ratio穹顶dome水泥cement水泥浆grout水平尺level bar水平加劲肋horizontal stiffener水平角horizontal angle水平距离horizontal distance手工焊manual welding 说明（书）instructions 上垫层upper mudmat 索赔claim施工令work order试块cylinder/ test block生产临建temporary construction facilities塑料管 /钢管plastic pipe / steel pipe试验test t t踏步板tread填平找齐dental concrete涂层coating 塌落landsilde 坍落度slump停工令stop-work order塔吊tower crane通风管vent pipe套筒sleeve w w挖掘机excavator外脚手架exterior scaffolding外墙external wall弯曲钢筋bend bar 围栏fence/ barricade 位移displacement委托书entrusted letter温度temperature屋顶roof屋面roofing屋檐泛水eaves flashing无损检测nondestructive examination误差error x x系杆bracing/tie bar 细骨料fine aggregate 下垫层lower mudmat 修订版revision先决条件pre-condition/prerequisite现场onsite/field现场浇注混凝土poured-in-place concrete现场预制site prefabrication详图detail drawing项目经理project manager项目风险construction project risk消防车fire vehicle消防栓hydrant雪荷载snow load循环水circulating water/flow y y压型钢板profiled steel sheet/metal deck验收acceptance岩石rock 养护cure 业主owner雨季施工construction in rainy season雨棚canopy预算budget预埋件embedment预付款advance payment预制混凝土pre-cast concrete油漆painting翼缘flange wall允许偏差deviation permit z z造价cost早强剂early-strength admixture找平层leveling coat职业健康、安全与环境（hse ） health, safety & environment制造商manufacturer支付节点payment milestone砖混结构masonry-concrete structure砖木结构masonry-timber structure 质量保证（ qa ） quality assurance 质量检查quality inspection质量检验quality test质量审核quality audit质保大纲quality assurance program证书certificate振动棒vibrating spear/rod止水带waterstop凿毛roughen终凝final setting总包合同general contract agreement 纵向钢筋longitudinal reinforcement 纵向焊缝longitudinal weld坐标coordinate执行版 cfc 工程术语缩写a aaciamerican concrete institute美国混凝土协会alwradvanced light water reactor先进的轻水反应堆ansiamerican national standardsinstitute美国国家标准协会asmeamerican society of mechanical engineers美国机械工程师协会astmamerican society for testing and materials美国材料与试验协会aws美国焊接协会b bbopbalance of plant电厂配套设施c ccarcorrect action request修正措施申请cearcivil & erection all risk建安一切险cmtcore makeup tank堆 芯 给 水 罐 cnscontainment system安全壳系统cnzc中原建设公司cmcc中冶cncc中混cosco中远cpipec中电投cwscirculating water system循环水系统d dddsdata display and processing system数据显示和处理系统dosstandby diesel fuel oil system备用柴油机燃油系统drsdrain system排水系统e ee&dcrengineering & design coordination report工程设计与协调报告efscommunication systems通讯系统egsgrounding and lightning protection system接地防雷保护系统elsplant lighting system (bldg)电站照明系统（各厂房）elsplant lighting system (yard)电站照明系统（室外）f ffcdfirst concrete date第一罐混凝土浇注fcrfield change request现场变更请求fhsfuel handling and refueling system装换料系统fpsfire protection system消防系统fwofield work order现场工作指令fwsmain feedwater system主给水系统g ggdcgeneral design criteria一般设计标准h hhsehealth, safety & environment职业健康、安全与环境i ii&cinstrumentation and control监测和控制ieeeinstitute of electrical and electronicsengineers电气与电子工程师协会itpinspection test plan检查试验计划j jjhajob hazards analysis工作危险分析jpmojoint project management organization联合项目管理机构jsajob safety analysis工作安全分析m mmccmotor control center电动机控制中心mcrmain control room主 控 制 室 mhsmechanical handling system机械操作系统msrmaterial substitution request材料代换请求n nncrnonconformance report不符合项报告nde/tnon-destructive evaluation/test无损探伤检测 pt渗透检测mt磁粉检测rt射线检测ut超声波检测necnational electrical code国家电气规范ninuclear island核岛nnsa核安全局noanotice of award中标通知书nrcnuclear regulatory commission核管理委员会o oocsoperation and control centers运行和控制中心p ppgsplant gas systems电站气体系统plsplant control system电厂控制系统pmsprotection and safety monitoring system保护和安全监控系统ppepersonal protective equipment个人防护用品pqrprocedure qualification record工艺评定记录psarpreliminary safety analysis report初步安全分析报告pwspotable water system饮用水系统q qqaquality assurance质量保证qcquality control质量控制qor quality observation report质量观测报告r rrcpreactor coolant pump反应堆冷却剂泵rcsreactor coolant system反应堆冷却系统rfirequest for information信息需求rmsradiation m