冠词的用法小结

a, an, the的用法精讲及练习冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名 词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种，一种是定冠词（thedefinitearticle ），另一种是不定冠词（ the indefinite article），还有一种是零冠词（zero article ）。an,a 是不定冠词，仅用在单数可数名词前面，表示“一”的意义，但不强调数目观念。a 用在以辅音（指辅音音素）开头的词前，an 用在以元音（指元素音素） 开头的词前。 the是定冠词，修饰特指名词翻译成 “这个”。 如果泛指某物 ,用a,/an, 具体指某物的话，用the.注意：（ 1）当我们使用 an 时，条件有三：这个名词的读音必须是以元音音素开头-即它的音标的第一个音素是元音， 而不是说它是以元音字母开头。它必须是个可数名词。它还必须是个单数名词。我们常常见到这类用法：a university一所大学an hour一个小时an orange一只桔子an engineer一位工程师an ordinary man 一个普通人an honest person一位诚实的人a boy, a city, a girl, a useful animal , an old man, an honest boy, a bad apple, a tall elephant,a u niversity( 虽然 u是元音字母，但不读元音),an hour一个小时(虽然 h 不是元音，但单词读音是元音开头)不定冠词有 a 和 an 两种：a 用于辅音音素开头的词前，an 用于元音音素开头的词前。例如：a boy, a city, a girl, a useful animal , an old man, an honest boy,a bad apple, a tall elephant, auniversity( 虽然 u 是元音字母，但不读元音), an hour一个小时(虽然 h 不是元音，但单词读音是元音开头)1指某类人或事物中的任何一个。an elephant is bigger than a horse. a car runs faster than a bike.（2） ）指人或事物 ,用来表示 “”的意思，但不强调数的观念，只说明名词为不特定者。指人或事物即不具体说明是何人何物 。例如：there are seven days in a week. we have three meals a day.a teacher is looking for you. we work five days a week.（3） ）不定冠词含有 “的”意思，但数量观念没有one 强烈，在句子里一般可以不必译出，但若有 “一个”的意思则译出，例如：there s a tree on the hill. he has an interesting book.一不定冠词的用法： 2指人或事物，但不具体说明何人或何物。there are seven days in a week.we have three meals a day. 4指某类人或事物中的任何一个。an elephant is bigger than a horse.a car runs faster than a bike.（ 2）定冠词在句子中，既可以用于可数名词前，也可以用于不可数名词前；既用在可数名词的单数形式前，也用在可数名词的复数形式前。从表达意义上讲， 它既可表达 this, that 之意义，也可表达these, those之意义。二. 定冠词的用法（1） ）特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。例如：the book on the desk is mine.（2） ）指双方都知道的人或事物。例如：open the door, please.请开门。（3） ）用在世界上独一无二的事物前。the sunthe earththe moon the skythe world例如：the sun is bigger than the moon.太阳比月亮大些。 但这些名词作为 描绘性定语时，可用不定冠词。例如： look! a red sun is rising.瞧！一轮红日正在升起。（4） ）用在序数词和形容词最高级前。例如：the first island is the biggest of the three.第一个小岛是三个中最大的。（5） ）用在用普通名词构成的党派，国家等专有名词以及江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、海峡、海湾等专有名词前。the sahara撒哈拉沙漠the jinggang mountains井冈山the changjiang river长江the pacific ocean太平洋the red sea红海the suez苏伊士运河 the united nations联合国the great wall长 城 the red cross hospital红十字医院例如：they will visit the great wall next week.（6） ）用在形容词前表示一类人，the + 形容词指的是一群人，是一种复数含义，所以其后动词应用复数形式。the rich 有钱人the poor穷人the sick 病人the old老人the young 年轻人the blind盲 人 例如：the old are sick.这些老人生病了。（7） ）用在姓名复数形式前表示一家人或一家人中的两个，或两个以上的人。例如：the smiths have moved to london.斯密斯一家去了伦敦。the whites have no children .怀特夫妇没有小孩。（8） ）用在某些习惯用语 ,固定搭配中。例如：in the morning在早上the day before yesterday前天on the left在左边all the same都一样at the same time同时in the end最终in the open air在户外in the day在白天by the way顺便说一下the same as.和。相同tell the truth说真话(9) 弹奏西方乐器前面要用定冠词，东方乐器则不用。如： play the pianoplay erhu(10) 用于逢十数词的复数前，指世纪中的年代。the war boke out in the thirties.(11) 用于方向或者方位名词前。 (12)he lives to the east of los angeles. 基本用法巧记：特指双方都熟悉，上文已提示。世上独无二，序数最高级 某些专有名，习语及乐器。三零冠词即不用冠词的情况：1. 专有名词和不可数名词：china, class one如特指可与冠词连用。2. 泛指的复数名词前 :books are my best friend.3. 在星期 (on monday) 、月份(in march) 、季节 (in summer) 、节日(in christmas)前。4. 一日三餐 (have breakfast) 、球类 (play basketball) 、学科(maths) 、语言( in english) 名词前。5. 职务、头衔、称呼前 :doctor,i am not feeling well. 6名词前已有指示代词、物主代词或不定冠词时。7在某些固定短语中。by bus by bikein bedat homeon footin classgo to collegego to schoolday and nightfrom morning till night练习：选择 a 或 an 或者不填 (用/来表示)penbagapplebig applebananaorangeorangesorange penhourhouseumbrellauniversity用 a/an 填空：is itchinese book orenglish book?this isring, and it isorange ring. mary isenglish teacher. tom ischinese teacher.this isbike. it sold bike.this istelephone number.that isid card.i lost my keys. it sset of keys.itsapple, notpear.this ispeach. that sorange.you havebanana, but i haveegg.is thereumbrella on the desk?there isisland in the sea.there ispicture on the card.i haveold book.apple is a kind of fruit.there isarmchair in the living room.id likeegg. look, there isbird in the tree.is theremap on the wall?there isbench in the park.选择正确的答案1. i am(a, an)student.2. there is(a, an) elephant in the zoo.3. you are (a, an) good boy.4. i have (a,an) orange.5. miss grant is ( a, an )ugly teacher.6. this is (a ,an)new book.7. please take (a, an )umbrella.8. close (a, an ,the)door, please.9. my father is (a ,an) doctor.10. there is (a, an) orange on the table.11. he gives me (a, an )sticker.12. what is (a, an, the )biggest bird in the world?13. i have orange . orange is very sour.( a, an ,the)14. my father is (a, an, the )man.15. (a ,an ,the )moon is in the sky.16. there s (a, an, the )apple on the table.17. (a, an, the) blackboard in our classroom is big.18. he likes to play (a, an, the )piano.19. monday is (a, a, the )first day of the week.20. my favorite animal is (a, an ,the) cat.二、在需要的地方填入适当的冠词，不需要的地方填/。1this is egg. it s small egg. 2jim has big head.3who is girl in green? 4-do you have knife?-yes, i do. i only have small one.5. lucy and lily look same.6. jim is from usa. mike is from england.7. boy over there is jims brother.8. is that cat or tiger? its cat.9. we are in beijing no.2 high school.10. they are in same class.1. there is “h”in the word “honest ”.a. ab. thec. /d. an2. what terrible life people in the small island lived at that time!a. anb./c. ad. the3. father often says to me,“be honest boy today and useful man tomorrow.”a. a; ab. an; anc. a; and. an; a 4.qingdao is most beautiful city in summer.a. theb. /c. ad. one5. so you are running restaurant?yes ，but i don t want to make it restaurant only for rich people.a. the; /b. the; thec. a; thed. a; a6. have you seen pen? i left it here this morning.is it black one? i think i saw it some where.a. a; theb.the; thec. a; ad. the; a7. oh ，john. what you gave us!a. a pleasant surpriseb. pleasant surprisec. an pleasant surprised. the pleasant surprise8. john is university student.a. /b. anyc. ad. an9. id like information about the management of your hotel，please.well， you could have word with the manager. he might be helpful.a. some; ab. an; somec. some; somed. an; a10. if you don t like the red coat ，take the blue one. ok, but do you have size in blue? this one is a bit tight for me.a. a bigb. a biggerc. the bigd. the bigger1. doctor told him to take medicine three times day2. there is woman over there woman is merimee s mother 3. sun rises in east 4. changjiang river is longest river in china5. its too hot open door ， please 6.washington is capital of usa四、总结与作业1. 单项选择。1) he often hasegg and some milk for breakfast.a. /b. ac. thed. an 2)-what s the trouble with lingling?-she doesn t go toschool and stay in bed now.a. a; /b. the; thec. /; /d. /; a 3)-do you have dictionary?-no