高中同位语从句精讲和练习题

.同位语从句讲解是名词性从句 (主语从句、 表语从句、 宾语从句、同位语从句 )中的主要从句之一，从句作同位语表示与之同位的名词 (短语)的实际内容，它的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词(短语)加以补充说明或进一步解释， 相当于一个表语从句，它们之间的关系是同位关系，即主表关系。详细信息一个名词(或其它形式 )对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词(或其它形式 )就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。1. 名词作同位语;.mr wang, my childascht er, will be visiting us on tuesday王.2. 短语作同位语先生，我孩子的老师，星期二要来看我们。i, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.我，作为家里最大的女孩，老得照料家中的其他孩子。3. 直接引语作同位语but now the question comes to their minds,“ did she die ysohuenwgabseacaculosnee?”但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题：“多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗？” 4. 句子作同位语the girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the great lakes.巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖，让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。同位语从句用法同位语部分是个句子 ,就是同位语从句 ,这种用法比较 固定一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。i heard the news that our team had won 我听到了我们队获胜的消息。二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，messag，e suggestion， words（消息）， possibility等。i vceome from mr. w ang with a message that he wont be able to see you this after我no从on王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词that，whether，连接副词how, when, where等。（注：if, which 不能引导同位语从句。）he must answer the question whether he agrees to it or no他t. 必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。the thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city同位语从句 -引导词他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。同位语从句的引导词，引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that，whether，连接代词和连接副词等。1. 连词 that 引导同位语从句（注：引导同位语从句的that 不能省略）the idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong你.作的想法是完全错误的。（作idea 的同位语）认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工【注意 1】在某些名词 (如 demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气there was a suggestion that brown should be dropped from the team有. 一项建议是布朗应该离队。【注意 2】引导同位语从句的连词that 通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。he gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the tokyo plan他e拿.的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。起了手提箱， 给人2. 连词 whether 引导同位语从句（注： if 不能引导同位语从句）the question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family docto我r. 们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。【注意】 whether 可引导同位语从句，但if 不能引导同位语从句。其它引导词引导的同位语从句连接代词 what, who, whom, whose, which引导同位语从句1).i have no idea what size shoes she wea我rs.不知道她穿几号的鞋。（what 作定语）2).i have no idea which wine is best的问题。（ which 作定语）it asmatter of personal taste我.不知道哪种酒最好，这是个人口味3).the question who will take his place is still not clear. （who 作主语）4. 连接副词引导同位语从句连接副词 when, where, how, whywe havent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer tvioanc.a到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。同位语从句 -相关语法一、同位语从句在句中的位置1. 一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词(如 news，idea，fact，promise，hope，message等)的后面，用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。i ve come from mr wang with a message that he wont be able to see you this我a从fte王rn先oo生n.那边得知一个消息，他说他今天下午不能来看你了。2. 有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。the thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left ho她me突. 然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。二、同位语从句前名词的数同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词(word 除外)加以修饰。where did you get the idea that i could not com？e 你在哪儿听说我不能来？三、同位语从句的语气在 suggestion，advice， reques，torder 等意为 “建议；命令；要求 ”的名词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should 动+ 词原形 ”的虚拟语气结构，句中的should 可以省略。our teacher gave us some advice how we(should)use the compu老ter师.建议。给我们提出了一些如何使用电脑的四、同位语从句的先行词同位语从句的先行词通常是抽象名词，常见的有：idea, situation thought, fact, evidence, belief, doubt, fear, hope, question, theory, news, order, ability等等。how did the cheats explain the fact that the emperor didnt feel the new clothes in him皇?没有穿上新衣，对这个问题骗子是怎样解释的?帝觉得身上并代词 it 可用作同位语从句的先行词。 这个 it 常放在某些动词或短语动词后作宾语， 同时兼作其后 that同位语从句的先行词。i owe it to you that i am still alive.幸亏你，我现在还活着。有的语法学家把先行词it 后的 that 从句看作是动词或介词的真正宾语。 一般认为，这种 it 后的 that 从句应看作 it 的同位语，因为它相当于 “主语+be+表语”结构。you must se to it that the children dont catch cold.(=you must see to it, and it is that the children dont catch cold.)你要当心，别让孩子们着凉了。同位语从句 -语法区别与定语从句的的语法区别：1. 意义的不同同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号；而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的，它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来：we are glad at the news that he will come.听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news 的内容就是 that hewill come，故 that 引导的是同位语从句 )we are glad at the news that he told us听.到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(that 从句是限制 thenews 的内容的，即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news 而不是其他的 news，故 that 从句为定语从句 )2. 引导词的不同what, how, if, whatever 等可引导名词性从句，但不引导定语从句。3. 引导词的功能上的不同that 引导同位语从句时，它不充当句子成分，而引导定语从句时，它作为关系代词，要么充当定语从句的主语，要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例that he told us中的 that 就充当 told 的宾语。4. 被修饰词语的区别同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限，通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth 等，而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛。另外， when 和 where 引导定语从句时，通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词，而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定；又如why 引导定语从句，它通常只修饰名词the reason，而它引导同位语从句时则不一定：i have no idea when they will come . 我不知道他们什么时候来。(同位语从句 )ill never forget the days when i lived there我.同位语从句 -特殊形式永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子。(定语从句）1. 间隔同位语从句同位语从句通常是跟在它解释或说明的名词后，但有些情况下，由于句子结构的原因，同位语从句不紧跟在名词后，而被其他的词隔开。a warm thought suddenly came to me that i might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday简析：由于 that 从句太长，为避免句子失去平衡，此处用了间隔同位语从句2. suggestion,reques和torder 等名词后的同位语从句用虚拟语气。she made a request that the doctor(should)be sent for at on她ce请. 求立即请医生来。简析：suggestion，order，reques，t proposal，requirement，command，advice，proposition 和 recommendation等名词后接同位语从句时， 从句中的谓语动词要用 “(should+动)3. 短语及固定句式后的同位语从句词原形 ”的形式， 其中 should 一词可省略。i will come on condition that john is invited.如果约翰也被邀请的话，我就来。简析：短语 on condition, on supposition, on the ground(s), on the understanding, with the exception, inspite of the fact, on the assumption及句式 there be+no doubt(hope, chancep,ossibility,位语从句。后的)that 从句为同练习一单选1. his success was because of he had been working hard.a. that b. the fact which c.the fact that d.the fact2. is mary from new york city i dont know .a. from what city does she come fromb. from what city she comec. what city does she come fromd. what city she comes from3. makes mistakes must correct them.a. what b. that c. whoever d. whatever4. the reason why i didnt go to shanghai was a new job.a. because i got b. because of gettingc. i got d. that i got5. it worried her a bit her hair was turning grey.a. while b. that c. if d. for6. henry killed the dog. ill ask him why .a. did he do that b. he did thatc. he did d. he has done so7. have you seen henry lately my boss wants to know .a. how he is getting alongb. how is he getting alongc. what he is getting alongd. what is he getting along8. it is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants.a. however b. whatever c. whichever d. whenever9. he asked me with me.a. what is the trouble b. what wrong wasc. what was the matter d. what trouble it is10. i am sure he said is true.a. that b. about that c. of that d. that what11. when and why he came here yet.a. is not known b. are not knownc. has not known d. have not bee12.i wonder how much .a. does the watch cost b. did the watch costc. the watch costed d. the watch costs13. mary is someone might recognize her.a. afraid of b. afraid aboutc. afraid that d. afraid for14. is no reason for dismissing her.a. because she was a few minutes lateb. owing to a few minutes latec. the fact that she was a few minutes lated. being a few minutes late15. they came to the conclusion by a computer.a. that not all things can be doneb. because of not all things be donec. being not all things can be doned. because not all things can be done16. why the explosion occurred was the laboratory attendant had been careless.a. for b. because c. since d. that17. i dont doubt hell come.a. thatb ifc. whatd. whether.18. why did you go to the wrong class, mr. wang well, i forget i was supposed to go to.a. which the room b. which room c. what was the room d. what room was it19. output is now six times it was before liberation.a. that b. which c. what d. of which20. mary: helen is a mere washer woman, yet shes now buying a big house. carol: yes. because shes always saved .a. what little she earns b. how little she earnsc. for little she earns d. with little she earns21. surprised me most was such a little boy of seven could play the violin so well.a. that.what b. what.that c. that.which d. what.which22. we gave him help we could.a. which b. what c. that d. this23. she is pleased with what you have given him and you have told him.a. that b. which c. all what d. all that24. excuse me would you please tell me a. when the sports meet is taken placeb. when is the sports meet going to be heldc. when is the sports meet to begind. when the sports meet is to take place25. do you happen to know a. what size shoes he wearsb. how big shoes he wearsc. what is the size of his shoesd. what number shoes are his26. this book will show you can be used in other contexts.a. how you have observedb. how what you have observedc. that you have observedd. how that you have observed27. where do you think a. has he gone b. has he beenc. hes gone d. was he28. do you know a. how many populations there are in the worldb. how much population there is in the worldc. how many the population of the world isd. what the population of the world is29. would you go and see outsidea. what to take place b. what tom has happenedc. what is happening d. what the matter had been30. the subject of what is interesting is that i do not even know him. is .a. what b. interesting c. what is interesting d. i 31. i think he is charles.a. who do you think he isb. do you think who he isc. whom do you think he isd. do you think who he is32. he didnt know which room .a. they lived b. they lived inc. did they live d. did they live in33. the little boy ate his mother gave him.a. that b. which c. whatever d. no matter what34. the city is no longer .a. what it is b. that it used to be c. which it was d. what it used to be35. my parents used they had to get a new car for me.a. which b. that c. what d. all what36. we go swimming every day us a lot of good.a. if.do b. that.doc. if.does d. that.does37. was the idea the wife thought ofa. what.that b. that.what c. how.why d. why.how 38. did he tell his wife he wished to doa. that.what b. what.that c. where.which d. which.where 39.one of the men held the view the book said was right.a. what that b. that whatc. that which d. which that40. i have no idea or not he has finished the work.a. if b. that c. whether d. which41. do you know his father is a doctor.a. what is his father b. who is his fatherc. what his father is d. who his father is42. is this we met each other two years agoa. place b. place in which c. where d. place which43. it bob drives badly.a. thinks that b. is thought what c. thought that d. is thought that44. we all know the truth there are air, water and sunlight there are living things.a. where b. wherever c. that d. that wherever45. they discussed they could settle the problem without others help.a. if b. that c. what d. whether46. she asked .a. what i was doing when she rang me upb. what was i doing when she rang me upc. when she rang me up what i was doingd. when did she ring me up what i was doing47. - may i borrow the ring- you can take you like.a. no matter what b. which c. whichever d. that48. he said that he was fond of .a. what beautiful is b. what is beautifulc. beautiful is what d. what it is beautiful49. he insisted that he in good health and to work there.a. was, be sent b. is, is sent c. be, was sent d. be, send50. do you know he expects will give us a talka. who b. whom c. that d. whose51. its uncertain the experiment is worth doing.a. if b. that c. whether d. how52. they would have fixed the telephone yesterday it was a holiday.a. except b. except for c. except that d. but for53. is to do good all ones life and never do anything bad.a. whichever is hard b. no matter what is hardc. what is hard d. all what is hard54. the boy didnt take medicine made his mother angry.a. that b. what c. how d. which55. as the day was fine, i made the suggestion for a walk in the park.a. we go b. we will go c. should we go d. that we go56. we cant get seems better than we have.a. what, what b. what, that c. that, that d. that, what 57. you dont like him is none of my business.a. what b. who c. that d. whether58. you cant imagine when they received these nice christmas presents.a. how they were excited b. how excited they werec. how excited were they d. they were how excited59. well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.a. if b. whether c. that d. where60 he really means is he disagrees with us.a. whatthat b. thatwhatc. whythat d. ifwhat61. is going to do the job will be decided by the party committee.a. that b. why c. how d. who62. well finish translating the book depends on the time.a. when b. why c. what d. that63. the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrows meeting.a. if b. where c. that d. what64. he wont go there is clear to all of us.a. how b. what c. why d. this65. you come or not is up to you.a. what b. if c. why d. whether66. makes mistakes must correct them.a. who b. anyone c. whoever d. anybody67. team will win the match is a matter of public concern.a. which b. that c. if d. how68. three days later, word came our country had sent up another man-made satellite.a. which b. when c. that d. where69. the problem is will go to the meeting.a. why b. when c. what d. who70. it looks it were going to rain.a. even if b. as if c. even though d. like 71.that is he likes the place so much.a. that b. what c. why d. how 72.that is lu xun once lived.a. what b. where c. that d. why73. we thought strange that tom did not come yesterday.a. that b. it c. this d. what74. the fact she had not said anything surprised all of us.a. which b. what c. that d. how75. what im considering now the money we need.a. is b. are c. were d. was 76.can you tell me a. who is that gentlemanb. that gentleman is whoc. who that gentleman isd. whom is that gentleman77. leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.a. anyone b. the person c. whoever d. who78. it is well known a person eats causes changes in the body.a. that what, when, and how b. thatc. what d. how79. the energy is makes the cells able to do their work.a. that b. which c. what d. such80. jack was soon told he did was not necessary.a. why b. that c. how d. why what81. we should think carefully about mr. needham said at the meeting.a. that b. what c. which d. x82. can you point out two radios are the besta. which b. what c. that d. whether83. you will easily know video record录er相s (机) are the same.a. what those b. that of thosec. that all of d. which of those84. you have seen things like these before doesnt matter.a. if b. whether c. what d. when85. i asked her in english she was, and she told me she was an actress.a. whothat b. whoxc. whatx d. howthat86. she took it for granted id be back home an hour ago.a. that b. whether c. if d. when87. we think it possible the local government will be able to solve the housing problem.a. for b. that c. when d. how88. now there is a danger the ground may 沉fal下l in) u( nder the heavy traffic.a. whether b. if c. x d. that89. at that time i had no idea i could hand it to him without being seen.a. if b. how c. which d. that how90. last sunday he promised today, but he hasnt appeared yet.a. that he would come b. that he will comec. he will come to see me d. whether he would come91. last sunday he made a promise he was free he would take me to qingdao.a. if b. that c. that if d. whether92. do you have any idea a. when miss smith will arriveb. when will miss smith arrivec. how will miss smith arrived. why hasnt miss smith arrived93. i have almost forgotten .a. how mr. taylors like b. what mr. taylors face is likec. what mr. taylors face is d. which mr. taylors face is like94. the true value of life is not in , but .a. how you getthat you giveb. which you got what you givec. what you getwhat you gived. what do you getwhat do you give95. do you know a. what is this used for b. what this is used forc. which this is used d. that this is used for96. surprised me most was .a. thatthat she spoke japanese so wellb. whathow could she speak japanese so wellc. whatthat she spoke japanese so welld. thatwhy she could speak japanese so well97. is to dance.a. that interests mary really b. which really interests mary.c. what really interests mary d. what really interest mary98. we were greatly amused by .a. what you have told us b. which you had told usc. what you told us d. that you told