四六级阅读理解训练.doc

Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing (裁判) decisions that denied victory to their team. A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees.The researcher organized an experimental tournament (锦标赛) involving four youth teams. Each match lasted an hour, divided into three periods of 20 minutes during which different referees were in charge.Observers noted down the referees errors, of which there were 61 over the tournament. Converted to a standard match of 90 minutes, each referee made almost 23 mistakes, a remarkably high number.The researcher then studied the videotapes to analyse the matches in detail. Surprisingly, he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident. When the officials got it right, they were, on average, 17 meters away from the action. The average distance in the case of errors was 12 meters. The research shows the optimum (最佳的) distance is about 20 meters.There also seemed to be an optimum speed. Correct decisions came when the referees were moving at a speed of about 2 meters per second. The average speed for errors was 4 meters per second.If FIFA, footballs international ruling body, wants to improve the standard of refereeing at the next World Cup, it should encourage referees to keep their eyes on the action from a distance, rather than rushing to keep up with the ball, the researcher argues.He also says that FIFAs insistence that referees should retire at age 45 may be misguided. If keeping up with the action is not so important, their physical condition is less critical.21. The experiment conducted by the researcher was meant to _.A) review the decisions of referees at the 1998 World CupB) analyse the causes of errors made by football refereesC) set a standard for football refereeingD) reexamine the rules for football refereeing22. The number of refereeing errors in the experimental matches was _.A) slightly above averageB) higher than in the 1998 World CupC) quite unexpectedD) as high as in a standard match23. The findings of the experiment show that _.A) errors are more likely when a referee keeps close to the ballB) the farther the referee is from the incident, the fewer the errorsC) the more slowly the referee runs, the more likely will errors occurD) errors are less likely when a referee stays in one spot24. The word “officials” (Line 2, Para. 4) most probably refers to _.A) the researchers involved in the experimentB) the inspectors of the football tournamentC) the referees of the football tournamentD) the observers at the site of the experiment25. What is one of the possible conclusions of the experiment?A) The ideal retirement age for an experienced football referee is 45.B) Age should not be the chief consideration in choosing a football referee.C) A football referee should be as young and energetic as possible.D) An experienced football referee can do well even when in poor physical condition.Passage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.While still in its early stages, welfare reform has already been judged a great success in many statesat least in getting people off welfare. Its estimated that more than 2 million people have left the rolls since 1994.In the past four years, welfare rolls in Athens Country have been cut in half. But 70 percent of the people who left in the past tow years took jobs that paid less than $6 an hour. The result: The Athens County poverty rate still remains at more than 30 percenttwice the national average.For advocates (代言人) for the poor, thats an indication much more needs to be done.“More people are getting jobs, but its not making their lives any better,” says Kathy Lairn, a policy analyst at the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities in Washington.A center analysis of US Census data nationwide found that between 1995 and 1996, a greater percentage of single, female-headed households were earning money on their own, but that average income for these households actually went down.But for many, the fact that poor people are able to support themselves almost as well without government aid as they did with it is in itself a huge victory.“Welfare was a poison. It was a toxin (毒素) that was poisoning the family,” says Robert Rector, a welfare-reform policy analyst. “The reform in changing the moral climate in low-income communities. Its beginning to rebuild the work ethic (道德观), which is much more important.”Mr. Rector and others argued that once “the habit of dependency is cracked,” then the country can make other policy changes aimed at improving living standards.26. From the passage, it can be seen that the author _.A) believes the reform has reduced the governments burdenB) insists that welfare reform is doing little good for the poorC) is overenthusiastic about the success of welfare reformD) considers welfare reform to be fundamentally successful27. Why arent people enjoying better lives when they have jobs?A) Because many families are divorced.B) Because government aid is now rare.C) Because their wages are low.D) Because the cost of living is rising.28. What is worth noting from the example of Athens County is that _.A) greater efforts should be made to improve peoples living standardsB) 70 percent of the people there have been employed for two yearsC) 50 percent of the population no longer relies on welfareD) the living standards of most people are going down29. From the passage we know that welfare reform aims at _.A) saving welfare fundsB) rebuilding the work ethicC) providing more jobsD) cutting government expenses30. According to the passage before the welfare reform was carried out, _.A) the poverty rate was loverB) average living standards were higherC) the average worker was paid higher wagesD) the poor used to rely on government aidPassage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Americans are pound of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform, whether it is the uniform of an elevator operator or the uniform of a five-star general. Why are uniforms so popular in the United States?Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than civilian (百姓的) clothes. People have become conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears uniform tends to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity (身份) than to step out of uniform?Uniforms also have many practical benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are tax-deductible (可减税的). They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act similarly, on the job at least.Uniforms also give rise to some practical problems. Though they are long-lasting, often their initial expense is greater than the cost of civilian clothes. Some uniforms are also expensive to maintain, requiring professional dry cleaning rather than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes.31. It is surprising that Americans who worship variety and individuality _.A) still judge a man by his clothesB) hold the uniform in such high regardC) enjoy having a professional identityD) will respect an elevator operator as much as a general in uniform32. People are accustomed to think that a man in uniform _.A) suggests quality workB) discards his social identityC) appears to be more practicalD) looks superior to a person in civilian clothes33. The chief function of a uniform is to _.A) provide practical benefits to the wearerB) make the wearer catch the pubic eyeC) inspire the wearers confidence in himselfD) provide the wearer with a professional identity34. According to the passage, people wearing uniforms _.A) are usually helpfulB) have little or no individual freedomC) tend to lose their individualityD) enjoy greater popularity35. The best title for this passage would be _.A) Uniforms and SocietyB) The Importance of Wearing a UniformC) Practical Benefits of Wearing a UniformD) Advantages and Disadvantages of UniformsPassage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships. One strength of the human condition is our tendency to give and receive support from one another under stressful circumstances. Social support consists of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties. Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to cope with major life changes and daily hassles (困难). People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties. Studies over a range of illnesses, from depression to heart disease, reveal that the presence of social support helps people fend off (挡开) illness, and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely.Social support cushions stress in a number of ways. First, friends, relatives, and co-workers may let us know that they value us. Our self-respect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others despite our faults and difficulties. Second, other people often provide us with informational support. They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them. Third, we typically find social companionship supportive. Engaging in leisure-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting (转移注意力) us from our worries and troubles. Finally, other people may give us instrumental supportfinancial aid, material resources, and needed servicesthat reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems.36. Interpersonal relationships are important because _.A) they are indispensable to peoples social well-beingB) they awaken peoples desire to exchange resourcesC) they help people to cope with life in the information eraD) they can cure a range of illnesses such as heart disease, etc37. Research shows that peoples physical and mental health _.A) relies on the social welfare systems which support themB) has much to do with the amount of support they get from othersC) depends on their ability to deal with daily worries and troublesD) is closely related to their strength for coping with major changes in their lives38. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “cushions” (Line 1, Para. 2)?A) Adds up to.B) Does away with.C) Lessens the effect of.D) Lays the foundation for.39. Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work is an example of _.A) instrumental supportB) informational supportC) social companionshipD) the strengthening of self-respect40. Social companionship is beneficial in that _.A) it helps strengthen our ties with relativesB) it enables us to eliminate our faults and mistakesC) it makes our leisure-time activities more enjoyableD) it draws our attention away from our worries and troubles答案：21. B 22. C 23. A 24.C 25. B26. D 27. C 28. A 29.B 30. D31. B 32. A 33. D 34.C 35. D36. A 37. B 38. C 39.A 40. D0821Passage 4We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming pupils. It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade!Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups: this gives them the opportunity to learn to co-operate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn how to cope with personal problem as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyse and evaluate, and to communicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on individual tasks and assignments, and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some formal class teaching when this is appropriate. We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently. An advanced pupil can do advanced work: it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal.16. In the passage the authors attitude towards “mixed-ability teaching” is_A) critical B) questioning C) approving D) objective17. By “held back”(Line 1) the author means “_”A) made to remain in the same classes B) forced to study in the lower classesC) drawn to their studies D) prevented from advancing18. The author argues that a teachers chief concern should be the development of the students_A) personal qualities and social skills B) total personality C) learning ability and communicative skills D) intellectual ability19. Which of the following is NOT MENTIONED in the third paragraph?A) Group work gives pupils the opportunity to learn to work together with othersB) Pupils also learn to develop their reasoning abilitiesC) Group work provides pupils with the opportunity to learn to be capable organizers.D) Pupils also learn how to participate in teaching activities.20. The authors purpose in writing this passage is to _A) argue for teaching bright and not so0bright pupils in the same classB) recommend pair work and group work for classroom activitiesC) offer advice on the proper use of the libraryD) emphasize the importance of appropriate formal classroom teachingPassage 4（16）（17）我们发现，聪明的孩子如果接受不按能力分班的教学，很少会因此被拖后了。相反，他们在知识和经验方面都有长进。我们认为把学生按照能力分班有很多弊端。这种做法没有考虑到孩子们发展情形各不相同这一事实。对聪明的孩子和不太聪明的孩子都有不良影响。毕竟，在最好的那一档里做最差的学生也够令人气馁了！此外，只根据人的智力水平来对人进行分类也是颇不现实的。这仅仅是全部人品特征的一个方面罢了。（18）我们关心的是让所有的学生都能充分发展各方面的能力，而不仅仅是学术能力。我们也很看重个人品质与社交技能，而我们发现不按能力分班的教学对学习所有这些方面都很有益。在教室里，我们以不同的方式工作。（19）（A）学生们通常会以小组为单位进行学习；这样他们便有机会学习相互合作、分享，以及（19）（C）培养领导技能。他们还能学到怎样处理个人问题，以及（19）（B）怎样思考，怎样作决定，怎样分析和评价，与怎样进行有效的交流。学生们不仅向老师学习，也可以互相学习。有时，学生们也会以结对的方式学习；还有时，他们自己完成个人的任务，他们可以按照自己的速度来做。在适当的时候，他们也要接受正规的课堂教学。我们鼓励学生们使用图书馆，所以我们要教他们所需的技巧，才能有效地利用好图书馆。一个先进的学生可以做先进的工作，而他的年龄多大并不重要。我们期望学生们可以最大限度而不是最小限度地发挥他们的能力，我们也会尽量鼓励他们达到定目标。16、在文中，作者对“不按能力分班的教学”持_态度。A） 批判的 B）怀疑的 C）赞同的 D）客观的17、第一行的“held back”的意思是_A）可以待在同样的班级里 B）被迫在较差的班里学习C）吸引学习 D）阻碍发展18、作者的观点是：教师主要应关心学生_发展A）个人品质与社交技能 B）整个人品特征C）学习能力与交流能力 D）智力水平19、下面哪个说法没有在第三段提到？A） 以小组为单位进行学习给学生们学习相互合作的机会B） 学生们也要学习培养他们的推理能力C） 以小组为单位的学习让孩子们有机会学习怎么做一个有能力的组织者D） 学生们还学习怎样参与到教学活动中去。20、作者写本文的用意是_A） 提出要让聪明的孩子与不太聪明的孩子在同样的班里接受教育B） 推荐在教室活动中采用结对或分组学习的方式C） 提出正确利用图书馆的建议D） 强调合理进行正规的课堂教学的重要性0820Passage 3Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that its painful? This might be called laziness, but Dr.Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.During the hours when you labour through your work you may say that youre “hot”. Thats true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues as: “Get up, John! Youll be late for work again!” The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.You cant change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make you life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr.Kleitman believes. Maybe youre sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway. Counteract your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your ener