高考英语读写概要写作三招.doc

河南招生考试网/高考英语读写概要写作三招来源：河南招生考试网/读写任务中的概要写作部分既考查了考生快速阅读,获取信息的能力,也考查了考生对所获取信息的加工与概括能力。概要既是对前半部读的总结,又是对后半部写作话题的引入,其作用不可小觑。因此,高考英语写作备考过程中,“概要写作”要尤其加强,应作为其中重要的一环。现笔者结合自己的教学经验,谈谈如何进行概要写作。一、掌握主要文体概要写作的基本框架,使概要有款有型概要写作首先要掌握各种文体的写作特点和框架。如:记叙文:5个W (what/who/when/where/why/how)议论文:opinion / idea + argument (supporting ideas / reasons)说明文:phenomenon / problem / + reason + solution (cause and effect) introduction of an object (how it is made, how it is used, how it may change, what makes it new or significant)新闻:focus on the first paragraph and the first sentence and the last sentence of other paragraphs如2009年高考的读写任务所给的文章是篇说明文。根据说明文的框架结构,考生很容易就在文章中找到文中需要概括的几个要点:现象:Koala生气;原因:koalas are repeatedly awoken from their deep sleep; they can be hugged and photographed by tourists;结果:the government is now moving to make the practice illegal考生根据上述要点就可以顺利写出概要了。二、利用所给“内容要点”把握文章中心,使概要不偏不倚我们可以巧妙利用题中所给的“内容要点”的提示作用,掌握大致的概要写作方向,然后从文章中搜寻关键词句认真理解推敲,最后下笔成文,概括文章大意。如何利用题目所给“内容要点”把握文章中心,使概要不偏不倚呢?笔者从复习资料中选取两篇具有一定代表性的文章来进行分析:例1I wonder if its because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound (被咒语镇住的,着迷的). Thats changed since I was there. for example, one evening when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself. But as the moon gave far too much light, I dared not open a window. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs until the window had to be shut. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power; it was the first time in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to face . sadly, I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows. Its no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.写作内容1. 以约30个词概括上文的主要内容;2. 以约120个词谈谈你读完上文后的感受,并包括如下要点:(1)应当如何对待大自然和我们身边的一切;(2)举例说明人往往在失去后才懂得珍惜。这篇文章从结构上来看,很明显就是一篇节选,考生第一次看了之后大多摸不着头脑,有的根本不知道它在讲什么。面对这样一篇文章,我们首先要确定文章的体载:记叙文;再仔细阅读题目所给的内容要点,可以领悟到该篇文章应该是讲述作者与自然的关系,既然谈到失去,必然有之前的获得,肯定还有失去的原因。接着我们可以根据这种领悟重新看一次文章,画出与之相关的句子:I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. Thats changed since I was there. . sadly, I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows. . nature is one thing that really must be experienced. (划线部分与方框部分为重点词句)这样一来,记叙文的基本要素渐渐明了,写这篇文章的概要也就不难了。参考摘要:The writer didnt value the time that he could spend with nature. Only after he was kept away from it did he realize the importance and the pleasure of experiencing nature on his own. (34个词)由此可见,利用题目所给的“内容要点”来帮助概括文章大意,不但能正确把握文章中心,而且有利于读写任务的写作部分上下内容连贯,为概要与正文一体化做铺垫。三、注重概要写作中语言句式的使用细节,使概要行文流畅2010年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试(以下简称“广州一模”)之英语学科分析报告中指出,大部分考生在读写任务的概要部分语言使用不规范,出现个人观点,如We should . , but we cant . / I think . / Its necessary for the parents to let their children be more independent.或强行加上作者观点:The author thinks parents should not overparent the children.笔者认为,考生犯此类错误其中一个原因就是没有注重如何使用正确的语言表达概要。因此,在考生掌握概要的写作框架,懂得如何把握文章中心之后,接下来就是要注意语言和句式的使用。1. 语言的使用。考生掌握文体写作框架后,还必须知道用一定的语言或句式将框架具体化。(1)说明文和记叙文可以归纳为:由于什么原因或出于什么目的,何人何时何地做了何事,得到什么结果或引发了什么样的讨论、议论或思考(即:Because (of) / Due to / Thanks to / In order to .sb. did sth. / sth happened. As a result,.)。(2)议论文则可归纳为:最近出现了或进行了一场关于什么的讨论、议论或调查研究,什么人有什么样的意见或研究结果表明了什么(即:Lately / Recently, a discussion was held /. made a survey on . among . . People had different opinions on it. / Opinions vary among different people / People agree to . , holding that . / People who disagree /believe / think that . )。另外,概要中只要求写出大意,不要求写出细节,因此,我们除了要区分大意(general ideas)和细节(supporting details)外,还要注意使用恰当的语言来表述,避免被误认为是细节。例2 Why do we read prose fiction? Prose fiction, whether in the form of the novel of the short story, is unarguably the most popular and widely recommend literary genre. Take a few moments to think about whey we read fiction? What do we hope to gain from reading stories about imagined events that happen to imaginary people?For Carrie Tiffany, a one-time park ranger in outback Australia, reading was a way of traveling to distant places, where she didnt have to think about her lonely existence living in the harsh desert landscape of Central Australia: “I read so I didnt have to think about where I was, or why I was there, or what I would do next. I read to meet people, and to avoid meeting people.”In Elliot Perlmans Seven Types of Ambiguity, one of the characters, psychiatrist Alex Klima, says: “Not all novels are purely escapist, to be read for entertainment. Fiction, at least some fiction, can also confront us with truths we might otherwise never have encountered. It can provide us with insights we would never have gained elsewhere.”Robert DiYanni, a literature professor, says about why we read:We read stories for pleasure; they entertain us. And we read them for profit; they enlighten us. Stories draw us into their imaginative worlds and engage us with the power of their invention . they enlarge our understanding of ourselves and deepen our appreciation of life.不少考生在写这篇文章概要时采用了以下的写法:The passage deals with the question why people read prose fiction and different people have different opinions. Carrie Tiffany thinks. , Alex Klima holds