高考英语语法专项训练 第13讲 定语从句.ppt

小芳 村里有个姑娘叫小芳长得好看又善良一双美丽的大眼睛辫子粗又长在回城之前的那个晚上你和我来到小河旁 thereisabeautifulandkindgirlnamedxiaofanginthevillage hasapairofbeautifulbigeyesandlongthickhair she who whichbabydoyoulikemost ilikethebaby thebabyisreading ilikethebabywho thatisreading ilikethebaby thebabyislisteningtomusic ilikethebabywho thatislisteningtomusic ilikethebaby thebaby seyesarebig ilikethebabywhoseeyesarebig 第13讲 定语从句 定语从句 在复合句中 修饰某一或的从句叫定语从句 被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做 引导定语从句的词叫 名词 代词 先行词 关系词 基础知识 ilikethebabywho thatisreading 先行词 关系词 定语从句 therestrictiveattributiveclause限制性定语从句thenon restrictiveattributiveclause非限制性定语从句 基础知识 theaccidenthappenedatthetimewhenileft hismother whomheloveddeeply diedtenyearsago 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 引导定语从句的关系词 指代人指代事物所属关系指地点指时间指原因 who whom thatwhich that aswhose ofwhich whomwherewhenwhy 关系代词 关系副词 注 关系词在定语从句中作宾语时 通常可以省略 常见考点与难点归纳 1 that与which2 关系副词的用法3 介词 关系词4 关系词as的用法5 定从与其他复合句的区分6 综合考查 考点 难点 考点一 thatorwhich 1 thisisall iknowaboutthematter a thatb whatc whod whether2 isthereanythingelse yourequire a whichb thatc whod what3 thelastplace wevisitedwasthegreatwall a whichb thatc whered it a b b choosethecorrectanswers 4 thisisoneofthebestbooks a thathaveeverbeenwrittenb whichhaveeverbeenwrittenc thathaswrittend thathavewritten5 thescientistandhisachievements youtoldmeaboutareadmiredbyusall a whichb thatc whod whose6 whichofthebooks wereborrowedfromhimisthebest a whichb whatc thatd whose a c b 先行词是all everything nothing anything little much等不定代词时 先行词被all any every no some little much等词修饰时 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 先行词被theonly thevery 正是 恰是 thelast修饰时 当先行词既有人又有物 定语从句用that引导 that既可指人也可指物 若主句中有疑问代词who which时 为了避免重复 关系代词不再用who which 结论1 先行词有下列情况时 通常用关系代词that 1 ihavelostmywatch ilikeverymuch 2 taiwanispartofchina isknowntoallofus 3 canyoulendmethebookabout youtalkedlastnight which which which choosing thatorwhich 结论2 引导非限定性定语从句时 用关系代词which 不用that 且不省略 介词 关系词引导定语从句 先行词是物时 只用which 不用that 1 2010全国 16 irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething wassomeoneelse sfault a whob thatc asd what 高考真题链接 2 2011北京 26 marywasmuchkindertojackthanshewastotheothers ofcourse madealltheothersupset a whob whichc whatd that 高考真题链接 tips 注意插入语 考点二 关系副词的用法 关系副词when where why引导定语从句时 when在从句中充当时间状语 where在从句中充当地点状语 why在从句中充当原因状语 介词 whichdoyoustillremembertheday wejoinedtheparty onwhich when thisisthefactory myfatherworks thisisthefactory wevisitedlastweek thatisthereason youarealwayslate thatisthereason hegaveus which that which that where inwhich why forwhich blank filling 先行词为时间 地点 原因的名词时 关系词在定从中作状语时 关系词在定从中作主语或者宾语时 whenwherewhy 介词 which that which 要点一 1 a pisaisacity hasaleaningtower b pisaisacity thereisaleaningtower a whichb thatc whered there2 a westillrememberedthedays wetravelledtogether b westillrememberedthedays wespenttogether a whenb whichc inthatd there a c a b practicemakesperfect 1 i vecometothepoint ican tstandhim 2 thecountryisinthesituation awarwillbreakoutatanytime 我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了 国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中 要点二 某些特殊词之后的where 解析 某些抽象地点名词如 point stage situation case condition activity celebration等做先行词时 定语从句常用where引导 表示抽象化的地点 where where 1 2010福建 24 stephenhawkingbelievesthattheearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanet lifehasdevelopedgradually a thatb wherec whichd whose 高考真题链接 2 2011天津 10 thedaysaregone physicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving a whenb thatc whered which 高考真题链接 3 2011山东 32 theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhouses arebuiltclosetoeachother a theyb wherec whatd that 高考真题链接 4 2009浙江 14 ihavereachedapointinmylife iamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown a whichb wherec howd why 高考真题链接 考点三 介词 关系词 thisisthemachineon shespent1000dollars xiaowang with iwenttotheconcert enjoyitverymuch which whom 要点1 紧跟介词的关系词 引导定语从句时 指事物用which 指人用whom 用适当的关系词填空 1 doyouknowwholivesinthebuilding thereisawell a infrontofitb infrontofwhosec infrontofwhichd infrontofthat2 i llneverforgettheday ifirstmetyou a onwhichb inwhichc whichd atwhich3 thewoman mybrotherspokejustnowismyteacher a whob towhomc towhodwhom c a b choosethecorrectanswers 1 看定语从句中动词或者形容词与介词的习惯搭配 whatwerethethings whichhewasnotsosure 2 根据先行词判断 所用的介词与先行词的习惯搭配 thespeed whichyoudriveyourcarmustn tbetoohigh 3 可以通过句子的整体含义 结合生活实际来判断 chinahasmanyrivers whichtheyangtzeriveristhelongest 要点2 介词 关系代词引导的定语从句中 介词如何选择 about at of among 1 jeannewasheroldfriend sheborrowedanecklace a fromwhob fromwhomc tothatd towhom2 hisglasses hewaslikeablindman felltothegroundandbrokeitsleg a whichb withwhichc withoutwhichd that3 sheisateacherofmuchknowledge muchcanbelearned a whob thatc fromwhichd fromwhom b c d practicemakesperfect 1 2010上海 38 windpowerisanancientsourceofenergy wemayreturninthenearfuture a onwhichb bywhichc towhichd fromwhich 高考真题链接 2 2009全国 28 shebroughtwithherthreefriends noneof ihadevermetbefore a themb whoc whomd that 高考真题链接 考点四 关系词as的用法 关系代词as既可以引导限制性定从 也可以引导非限制性定从 常用于以下情况 1 先行词有so such thesame修饰时 后面的定语从句常用as引导 as在从句中可充当主语 宾语 表语 thereisnosuchplace youdreamofinthisworld 世界上绝没有像你梦想的那样的地方 ihavethesametrouble youhave 我和你有同样的麻烦 as as 在非限制性定语从句中 as常用于固定搭配 asisknowntoall asweallknow众所周知ashasbeensaid mentionedbefore如前所述asoftenhappens asisoftenthecase正如经常发生的那样 1 wasnatural hemarriedjenny a whichb thatc thisd as2 suchsigns weuseintheexperiment greekletters a as areb as isc that ared that is3 ipassedhimalargeglassofwhisky hedrankimmediately a thatb asc whichd who d a c choosethecorrectanswers 要点 引导非限制性定语从句时 as跟which的区别 1 itwasraining wasapity a whatb thatc thewhichd which2 hasbeensaidabove grammarisnotasetofdeadrules a whichb whatc thatd as3 wedothesamework theydo a whichb asc thand like4 theearthisround isknowntousall a thatb whichc whod as d d b d practicemakesperfect 1 isgenerallythecase thosewhocarefortheweakestmembersofsocietyarerespected a whichb thatc whatd as 高考真题链接 2 tedcamefortheweekendwearingonlysomeshortsandat shirt isastupidthingtodoinsuchweather a thisb thatc whatd which 高考真题链接 考点五 定语从句与其他复合句的区分 1 定语从句与同位语从句 weallhaveheardthenews ourteamwon wedon tbelievethenews hetoldusyesterday that that which 同位语从句 that从句表示的是news的内容 that在从句中不作任何成分 定语从句 that引导的句子修饰前面的news that which在从句中充当宾语 2 定语从句与状语从句 heleftthekey hehadbeenanhourbefore helefttheplace helivedformanyyears where where where引导的是状语从句 表示地点 相当于intheplacewhere where引导的是定语从句 修饰theplace where在从句中做状语 易混淆句型 heissuchagoodteacher allofusloveandrespect heissuchagoodteacher wealllikehim as that as引导的是限制性定语从句 as在从句中充当宾语 that引导的是结果状语从句 在句子中不作成分 句型such that 翻译成 如此 以致 3 定语从句与主语从句 isknowntousall paperwasfirstmadeinchina isknowntousallthatpaperwasfirstmadeinchina as it as引导非限制性定语从句 指代整个主句内容 可置于句首 句中 句末 it做形式主语 指代that引导的主语从句 4 定语从句与强调结构 itisthehouse imettheyoungman itwasinthehouse imettheyoungman where that where引导的是定语从句 修饰house where在定语从句中作地点状语 本句为强调结构 去掉itwas that 句子依然完整 可还原为imettheyoungmaninthehouse 1 a thenews hetolduswasveryexciting b hehasbroughtusthenews ourteamhaswonthegame a whatb asc thatd where2 itisinabox ihave