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Unit3Medicine TextBFitnessBraceletsMayWarnofSeriousIllness Contents Preview I IntensiveStudy III Exercises IV I Preview WearabletechnologyandhealthWearabletechnologyisoftenusedtomonitorauser shealth Giventhatsuchadeviceisinclosecontactwiththeuser itcaneasilybeusedtocollectdataonauser shealthincludingheartrate caloriesburned stepswalked bloodpressure timespentexercising Thesefunctionsareoftenbundledtogetherinasingleunit likeanactivitytrackerorasmartwatch Devicesliketheseareusedforphysicaltrainingandmonitoringoverallphysicalhealth Whilewearablescancollectdatainaggregateform theyhaveyettoanalyzeormakeconclusionsbasedonthisdata Becauseofthis wearablesareusedprimarilyforinformationaboutgeneralwell beingbutnotformakingdecisionsaboutone shealth II Text relatedInformation PlosBiologyPLOSBiologyisapeer reviewedscientificjournalcoveringallaspectsofbiology PublicationbeganonOctober13 2003 ItwasthefirstjournalofthePublicLibraryofScienceandisanopenaccessjournalpublishedundertheCreativeCommonsAttributionlicense Tofundthejournal thepublication sbusinessmodelrequiresthat inmostcases authorswillpaypublicationcosts LymeDiseaseLymediseaseisaninfectiousdiseasecausedbybacteriaoftheBorreliatypewhichisspreadbyticks Themostcommonsignofinfectionisanexpandingareaofrednessontheskin knownaserythemamigransthatbeginsatthesiteofatickbiteaboutaweekafterithasoccurred Otherearlysymptomsmayincludefever headacheandfeelingtired Ifuntreated symptomsmayincludelossoftheabilitytomoveoneorbothsidesoftheface jointpains severeheadacheswithneckstiffness orheartpalpitations TheClevelandClinicTheClevelandClinicisamultispecialtyacademichospitalinCleveland Ohio whichisownedandoperatedbytheClevelandClinicFoundation anOhiononprofitcorporationestablishedin1921 InadditiontoitsflagshiphospitalinCleveland theClevelandClinicoperatesaffiliatedfacilitiesinFlorida Nevada Canada andtheUnitedArabEmirates TheClevelandClinicisnationallyrecognizedasoneofthetopmedicalcentersintheUSandtheworld particularlyintechnologicalandmanagementsystemsandinthetreatmentofcardiovasculardisease III IntensiveStudy TextAnalysis MichaelSynder senthusiasmtousefitnessbraceletsformonitoringhealth Para 1 Aresearchdonebytheresearchersandhowthefitnessbraceletsarefoundtohelppeopledetectvariousdiseases Para 2 6 Futureresearchonutilizingthefullpotentialoffitnessbracelets Para 7 8 1 2 3 GeneticistMichaelSnyderhaslongbeenafanofstudyinghimself Henoticedthatalthoughhewasslimandformedthehabitofrunning hewasathighriskofdevelopingdiabetesbyexamininghisowngeneticsfiveyearsago Sohewasalreadyinclinedtousewearablefitnesstrackingdevices thehigh techwristbandsthatcantransmitdataaboutactivitylevel heartrateandsleeppatternstoone sphoneorcomputer whichrecordstheinformation ButasaStanfordscientist Snyderdidmorethansimplywearoneofthesedevices Instead hestrappedoneightofthemeverydayfortwoyearstoseeifthereweredifferencesamongthem Heandseveralcolleaguesalsoputthemonitorson60volunteerstocheckifSnyder sresultswererepresentativeofothers IV IntensiveStudy Difficultsentence TheresearchersreleasedtheirresultsinanewstudypublishedonlineThursdayinPLoSBiology concludingthatthedevicespromotedtohelppeopleloseweightandstayfitcanalsorevealpersonalizedcircadianrhythms trackchangesinspecificenvironmentssuchasairplanecabinsduringflightandcombinebiosensorinformationwithmedicalmeasurementstohelpdetectwhenwearersarefallingill Theresearchteamdevelopedacomputationalalgorithmthatcananalyzesignalsfromthedevicestorevealveryearlysignsoftrouble includingdifferencesininsulinsensitivity whichmayhelpdiagnosetype2diabetes Toomuchofthetimewespendtimemeasuringpeoplewhenthey resick Snydersays Whatwereallywanttounderstandiswhatdoesitmeantodefinea healthystate thenquicklyidentifydeviationsfromthatstate whensomeoneisfallingill Ithinkthewearablesaregoingtobeabigpartofthat MorethantwobillionbitsofdatawerecollectedbySnyderandhiscolleaguesfromthe60volunteers whoworeasmanyassevenofthedevicesdailyforaslongas11months Itwastotrackmultiplemetricsandseeifsomedevicesweremoreaccuratethanothers Snyderandhiscolleaguesgatheredinformationonweight heartrate bloodoxygen skintemperature activityandcaloriesexpended Someoftheparticipantswerediabetic sotheyalsosubmittedtoregularlabtestsoftheirbloodchemistryandgeneexpressionaswellas othermeasurements Somesubjectstrackedduringairplanetravelshowedaconsistentdropintheiroxygenlevelsabove8 000feetinelevation Snydersays likelyexplainingwhysomanypeoplestarttofeelsleepyearlyonduringaflight Snyderfoundthathisownoxygenlevelstendedtoreboundbythetimehelanded Snyderfoundhimselfgettingsickseveraltimeswearingthedevices Once onaflighttoNorway hisdevicespickedupsomethingstrange Hisbloodoxygenleveldidnotbouncebackasusual Thentheyshowedhehaddevelopedalow gradefever Onahunch Snyder whorecalledbeinginapossibletickhabitatinMassachusettsaweekearlier askedadoctorto testhimforLymedisease Hewasdiagnosedattheearlieststageoftheoften gruelingillnessandreceivedtreatmentintime Withoutthetracking Snydersays hewouldlikelyhaveignoredthesignsuntilhisinfectionwasmoreadvanced ThedevicesalsoaccuratelytrackedthereturnofSnyder sinsulinsensitivity whichhehadkeptundercontrolbyexercise Atthesametime heandotherstudyvolunteersdisplayedcertainsimilaritiesconcerningchangesininsulinsensitivityandtheearlyindicationofillness hesays Snydercomparestheinformationfromthesensorswithseeingthe checkengine lightinyourcar Youmighthearsomeknocks intheenginebeforehand tippingyouofftoapotentialproblem but it snicetoseealittlelightwhensomething snotright hesays Snyderbelievesthedevicesshouldbeusefulfortrackingandbetterunderstandingthephysiologicaleffectsofaging Wewillseepersonalmarkersofagingaswefollowpeopleveryclosely hesays Understandingyourbaselinewhileyou rehealthyisreally reallyimportant Next researcherswillaimtofindoutthespecificwearablemonitorswhicharebestathealthdetection sooneneednotweartheeightdevicesthathestrapsoneveryday andhastoremembertokeepcharged Snyder steamcountedmorethan500differentdevices offeringdifferenttypesofdata thelasttimetheycheckedinthesummerof2015 PeterRasmussen medicaldirectorfordistancehealthatthe ClevelandClinic wasnotinvolvedinthestudybutsharesSnyder senthusiasmforthesewearabledevicesandagreesthattheirfullpotentialhasyettoberealized We rereallyattheembryonicstagesofthesethings hesays Rasmussenhopesthatinthenextfewyearsdatafromthetrackerscanbeintegratedintoaperson smedicalrecord allowinghealthcareproviderstomonitortheindividualcontinuouslyovertime Then hesays wecanbegintoapplysomehigher levelartificialintelligencetomachinelearningtobegintolookfortrendswedon tevenknowexist Wemayfindwonderfulthingsthatwecanusetointerveneonpatientsbeforetheyareactuallyill AdaptedfromScientificAmerican Jan 12 2017 GeneticistMichaelSnyderhaslongbeenafanofstudyinghimself Henoticedthatalthoughhewasslimandformedthehabitofrunning hewasathighriskofdevelopingdiabetesbyexamininghisowngeneticsfiveyearsago Para 1 ParaphraseGeneticistMichaelSynderhaslongbeenenthusiasticaboutusingfitnesstrackingdevicestomonitorhisownhealth Hefoundthatdespitehisslimbuildandrunninghabit hewasathighriskofdevelopingdiabetesbylookingintohisowngeneticsfiveyearsago Whatwereallywanttounderstandiswhatdoesitmeantodefineahealthystate thenquicklyidentifydeviationsfromthatstate whensomeoneisfallingill Ithinkthewearablesaregoingtobeabigpartofthat Para 2 ParaphraseWereallywanttofigureoutwhatrequirementsweneedtomeettomaintainastateofbeinghealthy andquicklypickupsomethingusualwhenweareill Tome thiscanbeachievedinalargepartwiththeuseofvariouswearablefitnesstrackingdevices Somesubjectstrackedduringairplanetravelshowedaconsistentdropintheiroxygenlevelsabove8 000feetinelevation Para 3 ParaphraseWhensomepeoplewere8 000feethighinthesky thefitnessbraceletsontheirwristsshowedthattheiroxygenlevelsdroppedconsistently Youmighthearsomeknocks intheenginebeforehand tippingyouofftoapotentialproblem but it snicetoseealittlelightwhensomething snotright Para 5 Theauthorcomparestheinformationfromthesensorwithseeingthecheckenginelightinthecar Thecheckenginelightwillwarnyouoffapossibledangerifsomethinggoeswrongwithyourcar Similarly informationfromthesensorwilldeviateandindicateanillnessifyouareattheriskofdevelopingacertaindisease V Exercises ReadingComprehension Directions Answerthefollowingquestions 1 WhatisgeneticistMichaelSnyderinterestedin Heisinterestedinstudyinghimselfusingwearablefitnesstrackingdevices 2 Whatisafitnessbraceletfor Afitnessbraceletcanbeusedtomonitortheuser shealthbycollectingdataonactivitylevel heartrateandsleeppatternsandtransmittingthedatatoone sphoneorcomputer 3 WhatwasconcludedaboutthefitnessdeviceinanewstudypublishedonlineThursdayinPLoSBiology Itwasconcludedthatthedevicescanrevealpersonalizedcircadianrhythms trackchangesinspecificenvironmentssuchasairplanecabinsduringflightandcombinebiosensorinformationwithmedicalmeasurementstohelpdetectwhenwearersarefallingill 4 WhatdidSnyderandhisresearchteamrea
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