医学英语期末复习要点.doc

英语期末复习Unit11. that one stray request from a patient even one that is quite relevantmight send the delicately balanced three-ring circus tumbling down.如果病人冷不丁提个要求，即使所提要求十分中 肯，也会让我那内心脆弱的平衡乱作一团，就像井 然有序同时演出三台节目的大马戏场突然崩塌一样。2.Im piling yet another pill onto her我还要再给她另加一种药。3.shes caught one of my neurons in mid- fire她让我如火如荼的思绪戛然而止4.My instinct is to put one hand up and keep all interruptions at bay.我的本能反应是举手，阻止她打断我的思路。5.We merely zip back and forth between them, generally losing accuracy in the process.我们人类只是在两个想法之间来回快速转换，通常情况 下，在转换的过程中丢失了精准。6.It boils down to a question of ethics.它可归结成一个伦理学问题。7.In some cases, having a dedicated and competent clinical partner such as a one-on- one nurse can come close to simulating a second brain, but most medical budgets dont allow for such staffing indulgence.有些情况下，有个专注、出色的临床搭档，如一对一的 护士，就仿佛有了第二个大脑，不过大多数医疗预算不 会如此大方，这样配备人员。8.This conventional wisdom formed the basis for daily confrontations between an increasingly restless and resentful patient and an increasingly adamant and doom-predicting clinical clerk. 有的病人越来越焦躁不安、越来越愤愤不满，有的临床医生越来越固执己见、越来越热衷于生死决断。这种传统智慧就成了这些病人和临床医生之间天天对抗不断的基础。9.My subsequent clinical course was far from uneventful. (Para. 9)我后来的“临床之路”远非平淡无奇10.they had fallen from 48 to 46 the previous month! (Para. 9)（染色体的数量）在上个月已经从48条变为46！（人体到底有多少条染色体？这个问题经过了几十年的反复，到1954年才确定为23对，46条。）11.I am proud to have contributed to this development, to the skepticism that drives it, and to the better informed treatment decisions and choices which have been made possible as a result.对于随机试验的发展、对于驱动这种发展的怀疑态度、以及对于因此而可能做出更好的知情治疗决定和选择，我有一份贡献，对此我感到自豪。Vocabulary Test1.Neuron /neuronal overload（神经过载）2.a typical office visit（典型的诊所就诊）3.DEXA scan （DEXA扫描）4.medical practice （行医）5.blood pressure control（血压控制）6.Health maintenance（健康保持）7.mammogram report（乳房X-线检查报告）8. physical examination（体检）9.side-effects of a medication（药物的副作用）10.perpetual panic（永久的恐慌）11.practicing physicians（执业医生）12.transplant field（移植领域）13.medical budget（医疗预算）14.paracetamol tablet （扑热息痛药片）15.childproof cap（防孩子打开的盖子）16.Randomized clinical trial（随机临床试验）17.random allocation（随机分配）18.patient prognosis（病人的预后）19.control group（对照组）20.a 10-year follow-up study（10年的跟踪研究)21.a medical ward（内科病房）22.infectious hepatitis（传染性肝炎）23.severe malaise（身体严重不适）24.bilirubin metabolism（胆红素代谢）25.permanent liver damage（永久的肝损伤）26.exacerbate pathophysiology（加重病理生理状况）27.medical literature（医学文献）28.clinical investigation（临床调查）29.relapse of relapse（复发率）30.clinical epidemiology（临床流行病学）31.strict bed rest（严格的卧床休息）32.hospital stay（住院）33.recurrent jaundice（反复发作的黄疸）34.clinical course（临床病程）35Intravenous morphine（静脉注射吗啡）36.diastolic blood pressure（舒张压）37.brain perfusion（大脑血灌注）38.Primary care（初级保健）39.aorto-coronary arterial bypass（主动脉冠状动脉旁路）40.informed treatment decision（知情治疗决定）Unit31.A lot has happened since then medical school, an internal medical residency, a son , a daughter. I became an academic general internist, and I developed a chronic disease.(Line1, Para.2)从那时起发生了很多事：我上了医学院校，之后在医院的内科实习。结了婚生了一个儿子又有了一个女儿。再后来我成为了一名普通内科医生，然后又得了这个慢性病。2.What caused my immune cells to begin their assault on my brain?(Line1, Para.4)是什么原因让我的免疫细胞开始攻击我的大脑呢？3.I had only two options: accommodation and acceptance of deepening disability despite optional treatment, or increased involvement in my own health care. (Line2, Para.6)我只有两个选择：要么就是适应并接受日益严重的残疾，尽管进行了最好的治疗；要么就是更多的投入去维护自己的健康。4.knowing that the seeds for todays clinical care were laid years, sometimes decades earlier in the basic science literature.(Line3, Para.7)心里清楚之所以有今天的临床医护，是由于许多年前，有时是好几十年前，已有人在基础科学文献中播下种子。5.Walking became more difficult. Even taking a few steps using two canes exhausted me.(Line8, Para.9)行走变得越来越困难，哪怕是拄着两支拐杖走几步都让我感到筋疲力尽。6.I might get important building blocks that had not yet been identified.(Line8, Para.13)我或许能获得至今尚未明确然而却是很重要的营养成分。7.Food allergies can cause a myriad of neurological and psychological symptoms, typically without any abdominal complaints, decades before diagnosis and are very different to identify.(Line3, Para.15)食物过敏可能会让人觉得精神上和心理上很不舒服， 但是很明显没有肠胃不适。其特征在被诊断出来之前几十年都只有这些，因此很难识别。8.Through a grinding mix of chemotherapy, radiation and all the other necessary indignities of oncology, he has lived on, despite dire prognoses to the contrary.经历了种种磨难，如化疗、放疗和其他种种因为身患肿瘤而必须承受的屈辱等，他还继续活着，尽管预后很不乐观。9. Even remotely suggesting health benefits from these interconnections will, no doubt, raise hackles in medical circles.即使十分隐讳地暗示这些互联对健康有裨益，在医界毫无疑问会引起轩然大波。Vocabulary Test1. the surge of _ （肾上腺素激增）2. an internal medicine_ （内科实习期）3. an _ disease（自体免疫）4.loss of _ （丧失持久力）5._ weakness（短暂的虚弱）6.becoming _ （卧床不起）7.a building _(基本构件）8.an animal _（动物模型）9.to slow _（减缓神经退化）10.to _toxin（排除毒素）11.To _nutrition（优化营养）12.toxic_（毒素载量）13.The risk of _（复发危险）14. Physician _（医生自我试验）15.A clinic _（临床试验）16. _electrical stimulation （神经肌肉电刺激）17. physical_（理疗师）18. The impact of _（微量营养素的影响）19.brain_（脑功能）20. _of emotional flow(跟踪情绪波动）21._of emotions （情绪协调）22. _reactions（心血管反应）23. feelings of_（亲密感觉）24. rapid_（迅速同步）25. emotional_（情绪感染）26.to mutually _（互相调节）27. a(n)_unit（生物心理单元）28. emotional_（情感慰藉）29.functional magnetic resonance_ （功能性磁共振成像30.to _ brain zones（激活该脑部区域）31. to make it _ (使之成为强制性）32. a(n) _project（无把握的项目）33.medical _（医学背景）34. proof of _（概念验证）35.dose_（剂量方案）36._or concomitant conditions（并发症与合并症）37._agents（抗肿瘤的药剂）38. _therapy（标准疗法）39._properties（药理学特性）40.poor_（溶解性差）41._pharmocology（体内药理学）Unit51. We who live consciously and intentionally have an amazing amount of power over our lives and health. (Para.1)当我们有意识、有目的地生活，我们都有不可思议的能力来管理自己的生活和健康。2. However, some people go through life on automatic pilot. (Para.2)然而，有些人的生活是走一步，算一步。3. To be truly well, we should push past previous physical and emotional limits so that we could feel more balanced and healthy. (Para.2)为了达到真正的健康，我们应该突破过去的体能和情感极限，这样我们的身体才能感到更平衡、更健康。4. Peoples minds are infected by spin a contagion of half-truths, fearful fictions, and blatant deceit.(Para.3)人心被蛊惑，受各种歪理邪说的感染，有半真半假的报道、有恐怖骇人的杜撰、还有赤裸无耻的欺骗。5. Spin occurs when we live unconsciously, pushed and pulled in so many directions that they loose a grip of our inner and outer realities.(Para.3)我们受蛊惑是因为我们活得浑浑噩噩，被逼得东奔西撞、晕头转向，以至于无法把握我们的内心真实和身外现实。6. They work long hours and schedule our time to the hilt.(Para.4)他们（那些需求）长期存在，把我们的时间挤得满满当当。7. They sacrifice our connection with our bodies and its all-knowing voice by running over its vital signals with bad habits.(Para.4)它们（那些不良行为）使我们不能感知我们的身体状况，而且，由于我们的坏习惯压制了身体（疾病）发出的重要信号，让我们对其发出的大声呐喊视而不见。8. They have to come to terms with the toxic emotions before they can move forward.(Para.10)它们（我们的身体）不得不接受这些有毒（有害）情感，直到它们消失。9. People who are in touch with their feelings do not need to manifest physical symptoms because they are already paying attention to what is going on inside.(Para.11)关注自身情感的人不一定有身体症状的表现， 因为他们已经在重视身体内在的感受。Vocabulary Test1.a health_ (健康危机)2.physical_(身体症状)3.energy and_(能量和活力)4.be completely _ from sth.(完全免疫)5._of falseness(虚假的病毒)6.stressful_(有压力的生活方式)7._emotion(健全的感情)8._health(脆弱的健康)9.to _ our mind, body, and spirit(平衡心理，身体和精神)10._life(精神生活)11.the _to wellness(通向身心健康的“路障”)12._emotions(被压抑的感情)13._feelings and emotions(真情实感)14._influences(心理影响)15.fully _human beings(十全十美的人)16._teeth(蛀牙)17._professor(营养教授)18.burgeoning_(迅速膨胀的腰围)19._water(瓶装水)20.caloric_(热量摄入)21.to curb_ (节制食欲)Unit71. He was large and powerfully built but never seemed to loom over his patients (1) 他身材高大伟岸，但是从来不让病人有咄咄逼人的感觉 2.as movements calling for patient empowerment grew and medical ethicists began articulating principles regarding the ethical care of patients. (4 )要求病人授权的呼声越来越高，而且医学伦理学家也开始阐述病人伦理关怀的相关原则。3.One tenet that gained particular traction among clinicians (5)临床医生们尤为拥护的一条宗旨4. this ethical principle led to a new clinical ideal: patient-centered care (5)这条伦理原则导致了一种新的临床理念的出现：以病人为中心的医护。5. and that interpretation would work its way into the teaching programs of medical schools and into state laws that mandated discussion of treatment options with patients. (6)而且，对病人自主性的解释逐渐进入了医学院校的课程，也被写进各州的法律，规定医生必须与病人讨论治疗方案的选择。6. young doctors, myself included, would be trained to restrain ourselves from making anything but emergency or mundane decisions for patients. (7)包括我在内，年轻医生将接受培训，学会除了一些紧急状况或日常琐事，不为病人作其他任何决定。7. While doctors might equate letting patients make their own decisions with respect (8)虽然医生也许认为让病人自己作决定就是尊重病人8. Some will resort to veiling their own opinions in a halfhearted attempt to direct the decision. (12)有些医生采取的做法是隐藏自己的观点，用隐隐约约的方式引导病人作决定。9. While the doctors might be convinced that they are being objective and dispassionate, more often than not they are sending mixed messages. (12)虽然医生坚信自己的态度客观冷静，但往往他们在向病人发出莫衷一是的信息。10.She was receiving palliative care from hospice under the supervision of an oncologist. 当时，在一位肿瘤专家的指导下，她正在接受安养院的姑息护理。11. The computerized tomography(CT) report described extensive bilateral infiltrates and a possible small nodule in the base of the left lung.CT报告显示广泛性双侧浸润，左肺基底可能有一个小结节。12. A chest X-ray report from a visit more than a year age with one of my partners revealed a left lower-lobe pneumonia and suggested follow-u