写作讲义文本.docx

为了便于考生尽快掌握四级作文的写作方法，在此综合历年四级考试作文真题，重点介绍七类常见的写作类型。v . 对比选择型v . 现象解释型v . 原因阐释型v . 问题解决型v . 应用型v . 综合叙事型v . 图表型一，对比选择型v 对比选择型议论文是大学英语四级考试写作最常见的写作题型。v 一般来说，这类议论文通常是对一个观点或事物的正反两方面或者两种不同的观点或事物进行对比，从而引出主题，得出结论。在对两种不同的观点或事物进行对比时，主要运用比较和对比两种写作技巧。在四级考试中多次出现此类议论文。1. 对比不同观点主题句：v （1）When it comes to , peoples ideas / views / notions / opinions vary from person to person / from one to another.v （2） The general public has been debating whether or not .v （3） Everything has two sides and is not an exception, it has both advantages and disadvantages.v 2. 对比不同观点对比法：v (1) Some people advocate that_. Others hold the opposite opinion / adopt a totally different view / take an opposite side. They believe _.v (2) Those in favor of _ believe / claim that _. Those oppose to argue / hold / point out that _.v (3) Some people think we should _. They say that _. While others think otherwise. They argue that _.3. 表明自己的观点：v (1) As far as I am concerned, the former / latter notion is preferable / holds more weight.v (2) As for me, I agree to / prefer to the former / latter idea. There are a dozen of reasons behinds my belief. First of all, .v (3) Weighing up the arguments on both sides, Im inclined to believe that .v (4) In my opinion / mind, we should .v (5) From my perspective / point of view, I think .v (6) Personally speaking, I approve of .v (7) From what I have discussed above, I can draw the conclusion that .v 【模板一】v 1 Nowadays, wherever you go, you will hear people talk about . 2 Whether you like it or not, it had become a part of our life. v 3 Some people who are in favor of maintain that . 4 In their view, . 5 While those who are against argue that . 6 Besides, .v 7 As far as I am concerned, I stand on the side of . 8 First of all, 9 Furthermore, . 10 Thirdly, . 11 Therefore, .v 【模板二】v 1 Views/Opinion on (Attitudes towards)_ vary from person to person. 2 Some people think that . 3 They hold this opinion because (they think) . v 4 Others, however, take a negative / positive attitude to . (Others, nevertheless, are more pessimistic / optimistic about it). 5 From their point of view, . 6 Besides, . v 7 In my opinion/Personally /From my point view /If asked my attitude, I am more in favor of . 8 I stand in / hold this attitude /opinion / view because . 9 Its true that , but it doesnt mean that . 10 Therefore / In a word/ In short, . 11 Instead, we should .二现象解释型v 现象阐释型的作文通常先指明一种现象或提出一种观点，然后对这一现象或观点进行解释，最后得出结论或发表个人见解。第一段：概述。(简要描述某一现象或某一观点。)第二段：具体阐述。(具体阐释现象或观点的正确性或危害性等。)第三段：个人见解。(表明自己的态度或看法。)或者第一段：概述。(简单描述某一现象或观点。)第二段：具体阐述。(具体阐述引起这种现象的或持 有这种观点考虑的主要因素。) 第三段：个人评价。(对现象或者观点进行评价。)1. 分析原因：(1) There are many / plenty of / a number of / numerous reasons explaining / for .(2) The reasons of lie in several aspects.(3) Many factors contribute to . (4) There are many reasons that may account for .(5) The reasons for / why are as follows: .(6) is mainly caused by .(7) What caused these changes? .(8) The reasons that caused changes are diverse. On the one hand, . On the other hand, .(9) There are many reasons for it, but generally, they come down in three major ones.2. 总结归纳 / 说明影响 /表明态度 / 以作者个人为例：Through the analysis, we can draw a conclusion that .In short / In brief, . To solve the problem of , we .From all the facts given above, we can see .Considering all these factors /Taking all these into consideration / account, I believe .Take me as an example / In my own case, I .【模板一】 1 In recent years, (描写现状或趋势). 2 This has caused a lot of problems. 3 First, (结果1). 4 For example, (细节，说明结果1). 5 Second, (结果2). (细节，说明结果2). 6 Finally, (结果3). (细节，说明结果3). 7 Since is such a serious problem, we should take effective measures to . 8 First, we should (措施1). 9 Besides, (措施2). 10 And finally, (措施3). 【模板二】 1 At present/ In recent years/ Nowadays, (描写现状或趋势). 2 It may someday become the main trend when (进一步描述这一现象或观点). 3 Three major elements/factors would be taken into consideration when (doing sth). 4 First of all, (主要因素1). 5 Moreover, (主要因素2). 6 Last, (主要因素3). 7 From their perspective, . 8 Everything has both positive and negative aspects, and (这种现象或观点) is of no exception. 9 (这种现象或观点的正确性). 10 However, (这种观点或现象的危害性). 三图表型常见的图表型作文有表格（table）、曲线图（line chart）、条形图/柱状图（bar chart）、饼形图（pie chart）和图片（picture）。图表型作文的写作误区： 在第一段罗列所有数据，形式单调，没有重点，篇幅又长，容易让人厌倦;第二、三段受篇幅和时间限制，未能充分展开。写图表型作文的注意事项： 1. 看懂并理解图表含义，这是写好作文的前提； 2. 选择能充分说明图表主题的典型数据； 3. 根据分析结果和题目写出各段主题句并展开论述。v 合理的结构安排是： 第一段简明扼要，尽量少引数据，重在点明趋势；二、三段的分析是重点，应展开。v 第一段：描述图表反映的总情况。(总体说明图表所反映的趋势、问题、现象，并选用典型数据进行说明。)v 第二段：分析原因。(分析该问题或该现象的原因或后果。)v 第三段：结论。(提出解决问题的办法、建议或进行展望。)v 1. 图表内容总括性描述：v As can be seen from the table, great changes have been taking place in .v From the above table it can be seen that .v As it is shown in the table / According to the (above) table, .v 2. 图表内容具体数据变化描述：v 1. increase/decrease by / from tov 2. There has been a rapid / steady increase in v 3. an increase of v 4. a decline in v 3. 分析原因：v 1. There are many / plenty of / a number of / numerous reasons explaining / for the change.v 2. There are many reasons for it, but generally, they come down in three major ones.v 3. There are many reasons that may account for .v 4. The reasons of lie in several aspects.v 5. Many factors contribute to .v 6. What caused these changes? .v 7. There are many factors that have stimulated this huge change.v 8. The reasons that caused changes are diverse. On the one hand, _. On the other hand, _.v 4. 总结归纳 / 说明影响 / 表明态度 / 以作者个人为例：v 1. Through the analysis, we can draw a conclusion that .v 2. In short / In brief, .v 3. From all the facts given above, we can see .v 4. Considering all these factors /Taking all these into consideration / account, I believe .v 5. As to / for me, I believe .作文模板v 1 According to/As shown in the table/chart/