上海暑期英语九升高一第讲定语从句的基本概念及关系代词的用法教案.docVIP

精锐教育1对3辅导讲义学学员姓名： 学科教师：年 级： 九升高一 辅导科目：英语 授课日期时 间A / B / C / D / E / F段主 题定语从句的基本概念及关系代词的用法学习目标1.掌握定语从句概念；2.熟练关系代词。教学内容1、 上次课后巩固作业复习； 2、 互动探索此环节设计时间在15分钟。教学建议1： 引导学生回顾复习上次课内容。提问什么是定语从句，定语从句与简单句及并列句的比较。让学生做简单自我介绍，并使用至少一句定语从句，同学可以相互讨论。He has two sons, neither of whom lives in Shanghai.He has two sons, and neither of them lives in Shanghai.Ive got two sisters. Both of them are in Shanghai.第一个句子为定语从句，关系代词whom指代 two sons, 在定语从名中介词of的宾语。第二个句子为并列结构，由并列连词and连接，人称代词them指代two sons。第三个为两个独立的句子，两个句子中间用句号，两句开头的处一个字母都大写。教学建议2： 让三个学生分别找出句子中的定语从句并阐述自己对句子的理解，翻译句子。Famous sayings1. He laughs best who laughs last. 2. All is not gold that glitters. 3. God helps those who help themselves. 4. Opportunity and luck always shows appreciation for those who are bold in struggling.5. Those who make most people happy are the happiest in the world.keys：谁笑在最后, 谁笑得最好。闪闪发光者，未必皆黄金。自助者天助。机遇和幸运总是垂青勇于奋斗的人。能使大多数人幸福的人是世界上最幸福的人。此环节教案预期时间60分钟教学建议：建议老师采取提问的方式，或者采取先练习再讲解的方式，了解学生掌握情况，然后针对知识点进行强调。简单介绍定语从句重难点，并提出本节课重点定语从句概念，及关系代词的用法。知识点1：定语从句的定义【知识梳理1】a、定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用的表示。b、定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句，即，一个句子充当定语。 备注：学生结合图理解上面两句话，可以让学生对定语从句的构成有个大致的了解，学生的注意力会慢慢的转向定语从句的构成，如先行词、连词和从句。c、先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。如上面例句和图中的the team ，the man。d、关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系词关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as关系副词：where, when, why Eg: She is the very beautiful girl that I love best.e、 限定性与非限定性定语从句1. 限定性定语从句-是不可去掉的定语从句。如果没有它，主句的意思就不完整。在这种复合句中，主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开。The book (which/that) I need is not in the library.我需要的那本书不在图书馆里。2.非限定性定语从句-是可以去掉的定语从句，去掉后句子的意思仍然完整。主句和从句之间用逗号隔开，从句附加说明先行词。Lao Wangs performance, which bored everyone, went on and on.总结：that 不用于引导非限定性定语从句。课堂练习：把下列每对句子连成一个定语从句。The place is very attractive. We visited the place last week.This is one of the books. The books were written by Lu Xun.Our environment is polluted by the waste material. The waste material is poured into the air and water by the chemical works.The ship was sunk to the bottom of the sea. The ship was attacked by the pirates.The houses were destroyed in the earthquake. The houses were built more than 30 years ago.【知识梳理2】关系词的用法词形先行词充当从句的关系代词Who人主，宾，表Whom人宾Which物主，宾，That 人或物主，宾，表As人或物主，宾，表Whose(=of whom or of which人或物定关系副词When(=in etc.+ which)时间词状Where 地点词状Why=(for which)reason状That 在口语中可以替代关系副词状做定语从句口诀： 三步走 找先行词（先行词一般是名词和代词）定语从句中缺什么成分，就补什么成分（此成分要看先行词在定语从句中所起的作用是什么，请看上表）把先行词带入定语从句中，看先行词在定语从句中所充当的成分是什么，或搭配什么介词【例题精讲】教学建议：这部分是warming up exercises，让学生了解什么是定语从句，及定语从句总的做题思路。1. I can think of many cases _ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay. A. why B. which C. as D. where【参考答案】D【思路解析】从句不缺成分，把先行词many cases 带入定语从句中in many cases, 应该是做地点状语，因此选D，或in which。2. American women usually identify their best friend as someone _ they can talk frequently. A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom 【参考答案】D【思路解析】把先行词someone 带入定语从句中they can talk frequently with someone，因此选D。3. In an hour, we can travel to places _ would have taken our ancestors days to reach. A. where B. when C. which D. what【参考答案】D【思路解析】定语从句缺少主语，先行词places，是物因此选C。注意不能看表示地点的先行词就直接选地点状语where。4. His movie won several awards at the film festival, _ was beyond his wildest dream. A. which B. that C. where D. it【参考答案】A【思路解析】定语从句缺少主语，先行词是一句话，表示一件事，因此选C。5. We went through a period _communications were very difficult in the rural areas.A. what B. whose C. in which D. with which【参考答案】C【思路解析】把先行词period 带入定语从句中communications were very difficult in a period，因此选C。难点很多学生不认识period或该单词的搭配。【巩固练习】填写下表，在相应出划关系代词指人指物subject (主语)object (宾语)attribute（定语）ThatWhichWhoWhomwhose用适当的关系代词填空 。1) The committee consists of 20 members, five of _ are women.2) He is the only person _ I want to talk to.3) The bank _ was opened last week is a very modern one.4) Mr. Smith, _ is a surgeon, is now in Sweden as a visiting scholar.5) The audience, most of _ were college students, enjoyed the concert.6) The gentleman _you told me about yesterday proved to be a thief.7) Is this the reason_ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?8) A fast food restaurant is the place_，just as the name suggests, eating is performed quickly.9) The United States is made up of fifty states, one of_ is separated from the others by the Pacifica) Ocean.10) You can find whatever you need at the shopping centre, _is always busy at the weekend.11) The thought of going back home was all_ kept him happy while he was working abroad.12) Villagers here depend on the fishing industry, without_there wont be much work.13) Samuel survived when the car_ he was a passenger in turned off the road and hit a tree.14) The result of the study indicated that .it was the type of fat_made the difference.15) Sailing across the ocean alone was an achievement_ took courage. 16) Alec asked the policeman with_ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.17) I can think of many cases_ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay.18) American women usually identify their best friend as someone with_ they can talk frequently.19) In an hour, we can travel to places _would have taken our ancestors days to reach.20) His movie won several awards at the film festival, _ was beyond his wildest dream.Keys: whomthat which / that whowhomwhom/ that; whose; that/which which; which; that; which; that/which; that; which/that; whom; whom; which/that; which; 【知识梳理3】表示所有格：whose (既表示人的所有也表示物的所有) 表示人的所有eg: The girl whose father is a model worker is our monitor. 表示物的所有 eg: Id like a room whose window looks out over the sea.当关系代词whose指物时可以用“of + which”替换；即，whose + n=the + n + of which=of which + the + n。课堂练习1. 例题讲解1.How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin?Oh, thats easy. I surfed the Internet and then called one _ the telephone number is provided.A. which B. in which C. of which D. whose答案：C. 解析：因为of which引导定语从句，并在从句中作定语。of which the telephone number = whose telephone number。2. Children who are not active or diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. A. what B. whose C. which D. that答案：B 解析：考查定语从句。先行词是children,关系代词作定语，指孩子们的饮食习惯，所以选择B。3. The people, _ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.A. all whose homes B. all of whose homesC. all their homes D. all of their homes答案：B. 解析：考查非限制性定语从句，all of whose homes = all of their homes他们所有的房子。2. 用适当的关系代词填空 。1. I will never forget the days _ we spent together in the army ten years ago.2. The houses_ were built in the 1980s are of poor quality and therefore will be torn down in the near future.3. The man _ came here to give us lessons is a professor in Beijing University.4. He is the athlete _ left arm was broken during the match.5. The house _doors and windows are all made of steel are used to store daily necessities.6. Guilin is one of the cities _scenery attracts millions of visitors each year. Which which who whose whose whose【知识梳理4】关系代词作介词宾语：介词+which（指物),不可省 介词+whom （指人),不可省 介词后不用who、that1. 介词的确定方法根据先行词来确定根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词确定根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定2. 介词的位置 一般情况下，介词放在关系代词which和whom之前，也可放在动词后。固定搭配的动词短语中的介词一般不能提前.常见的这类动词短语有: Look for/after/forward to、care for、 take care of、hear of/about/from, 等. Tips介词关系代词引导的定语从句,关键是判断介词的选择,方法一是看从句谓语部分缺少什么介词(习惯搭配),再则可以通过整个句子整体含义来判断,结合生活实际来判断.1.名词+介词+关系代词This is the teacher whose daughter is a famous doctor.=This is the teacher the daughter of whom is a famous doctor.2.数词+介词+关系代词(含基数词、序数词、分数和百分数）We have three foreign teachers, two of whom are from Canada. 3.代词+介词+关系代词（代词有all、both、none、 neither、either、some、any等） The old woman has two sons, both of whom are teachers.4.形容词最高级+介词+关系代词China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan Island.5.介词+关系代词+名词He spent four years in college, during which time he studied medicine.课堂练习： 用适当的介词填空。1. The stories about Long March,_ which this is one example, are well written.2. The speed_ which you drive your car mustnt too high.3. In the park there are many flowers, the color _ which is bright and nice.4. The little girl is reading a book,_ which there are many pictures.5. What were the things_ which he was not too sure?6. They held a meeting,_ which the hospital director made a speech.7. The book,_ which he paid 6 yuan, is worth reading.8. Is this the man_ whose house the police found the lost colored TV?9. The villagers dug along tunnel_ which they could go to the fields without being found by the Japanese soldiers.10. Wu Dong,_ whom I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.Keys: of at of in about at for in through with 【知识梳理5】关系代词用that而不用which的情况先行词为all, much, little, everything, anything, nothing, none, few, the one等不定代词时:先行词被形容词最高级或被the only, the very, any, few, little, no ,all, one of等修饰时：先行词为数词或被序数词（含last ）修饰时:先行词中既有人又有物时：先行词在主句中作表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时：先行词为疑问代词 课堂练习：语法填空1. I mean the one was bought yesterday.【参考答案】that【思路解析】先行词 the one 是不定代词.（我指的是昨天买的那个。）2. It is the most important task should be finished soon.【参考答案】that【思路解析】先行词 the most important task 有最高级修饰。（这是必须马上完成的任务。）3. Look at these flowers. You can see the two you gave me . 【参考答案】that【思路解析】先行词the two是数词。（瞧这些花，你能看到你给我的那两朵。）4. We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools we had visited.【参考答案】that【思路解析】先行词the teachers and schools 既有人又有物。（我们访问过的老师和学校给我们留下深刻的印象。）5. Its a book will help you a lot .【参考答案】that【思路解析】先行词 a book 在句中作表语。（这是本对你很有帮助的书。）6. My home town is no longer the place it used to be.【参考答案】that【思路解析】先行词 the place 及关系代词that都作表语。（我的故乡已经不再是过去的那个面貌了。）7. Who has visited the Great Wall is not impressed ?【参考答案】that【思路解析】先行词Who 为疑问代词。【知识梳理6】关系代词用that而不用which的情况关系代词前有介词：非限制性定语从句中：先行词本身是that:课堂练习：语法填空1. This is the room Lu Xun lived. 【参考答案】in which【思路解析】关系代词前有介词。 (这是鲁迅住过的房子。)2. We were given a lovely room, had a sea view.【参考答案】which【思路解析】非限制性定语从句中。(我们被分到一个能看到海景的房间。)3. The clock is that tells the time.【参考答案】which【思路解析】先行词本身是that。（钟表是告诉人们时间的。）【知识梳理7】关系代词as在定语从句中的用法1）引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句as多与such 或the same连用，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。the same that与 the same as在意思上是不同的。as 也可单独使用，引导非限制性定语从句，作用相当于which。2）As引导的非限制性定语从句的位置as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开，但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。课堂练习：语法填空1. I hope to get such a car _ he is driving.【参考答案】as【思路解析】先行词有such修饰2. This is such an interesting book _ Id like to read it.This is such an interesting book _ Id like to read.【参考答案】that as【思路解析】第一个句子为结果状语从句，在结果状语从句中，it指代book,作read的宾语。第二个句子为定语从句，关系代词as指代先行词book的定语从句中read的宾语。3. _ is expected, the England team won the football match.【参考答案】As【思路解析】先行词是一句话，as 表示正如。建议比较as 和which的区别。4. This is the same bag _ I have lost yesterday.【参考答案】that 或 as【思路解析】that表示 同一件东西， as表示相识的东西。【知识梳理8】学习定语从句的几个问题1. 定语从句中关系代词与先行词的一致性定语从句中关系代词一般应与它所指代的先行词的单复数保持主谓一致。例如：The students who were here just now are from No,2 Senior Middle School.但注意下列一组句子：He is the only one of the students who was here just now.He is one of the students who were here just now.如果one of +复数名词后跟有定语从句，一般情况下one of后的复数名词为先行词，但当one前有the only, the very, just the 修饰时，先行词则为one。2、定语从句中的先行词Is this book the one that you bought yesterday?Is this the book that you bought yesterday?第一个句子中， this book 是主句的主语， the one 是先行词。在第二个句子中this是主句的主语，the book 是先行词。一定要避免出现： Is this book that you bought yesterday?【知识梳理9】关系代词的省略 关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语（动词宾语）时可以省略，但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不能省略。 that/whichEg: She finally got the book she wanted. ( 限制性定语从句) / The book, which she bought last week, is a love story. (非限制性定语从句)【知识梳理10】经典易混易错定语从句练习与解析有些定语从句方面的题，如果不仔细审题、不弄清句意和句子结构，就很可能把一些似是而非的东西搞混，从而降低解题的准确性。要想解决这个问题就得从准确理解句意和理清句子结构入手。1Who lives in the house windows face south？ Who lives in the house the windows face south？ Awhose Bwhich Cof which Dthat解析：答案是AC。在句中windows前没有定冠词，它所缺的是定语形容词，而whose的用法就是在定语从句中作定语且既可指人也可指物。在句中windows前有定冠词，所以要填的内容不能作前置定语，又因为“房子的窗户”用英语表达是“the windows of the house”，故可用of which引导定语从句。2Is this factory you visited last year？ Is this the factory you visited last year？ Athat Bof which Cthe one Dwhere解析：答案是CA。在句中factory前没有定冠词，这说明this是作它的定语。这样，句中就缺少表语，也就是说定语从句缺少先行词，故选C（the one后省略了that）。在句中this作主语，the factory作表语，其后带一个that引导的定语从句，故选A3John is the only one of the students whoFrench John is one of the students who French Aknow Bknows Cknowing Dknown解析：答案是BA。在句中的句意是“约翰是学生中唯一懂法语的那个学生”，其重心是the only one故从句谓语动词应与one一致。在句中的句意是“约翰是懂法语的学生中的一个”，也就是“懂法语的学生不止一个，约翰只是其中之一”，其重心是the students，故从句中谓语动词应与students一致。4When I have trouble，he is the only one I can ask for help When I have trouble，he is the only one I can go for help Awhom Bto whom Cwhich Dto who解析：答案是AB。句中，在结构上所要添的内容在从句中作ask的宾语其句式是ask sbfor sth，故用whom引导定语从句。在句中，go是不及物动词其句式是go to sbfor sth，故用to whom引导定语从句。5This is the knife I usually cut my pencil This is the knife I usually use to cut my pencil Awith which Bwhich Cby which Dwith that解析：答案是AB。在句中，定语从句的句式是cut my pencil with the knife，故用with which引导定语从句。在句中，定语从句的结构是use the knife to cut my pencil，故用which引导定语从句。6Last summer he went to Beijing， he had visited twice Last summer he went to Beijing， he visited a lot of places of interest Awhich Bwhere Cthat Dthere解析：答案是A B。在句中，所要填的内容在定语从句中应作visited的宾语，故应填关系代词which或that。在句中，所要填的内容在定语从句中作地点状语，故应填关系副词where。 7He still remember the days we spent togetherHe still remember the days we spent the summer holidays together Awhich Bwhen Cwhere Dthat解析：答案是A或D B。在句中，所要填的内容在定语从句中应作spent的宾语，故应填关系代词which。在句中，所要填的内容在定语从句中作时间状语，故应填关系副词when。8The reason he gave us was that his car broke down on the way The reason he was late was that his car broke down on the way Awhy Bwhich Chow Dwhat解析：答案是BA。在句中，所要填的内容在定语从句中应作gave的宾语，故应填关系代词which。在句中，所要填的内容在定语从句中作原因状语，故应填关系副词why。 此环节教案建议时间为25分钟教学建议：1 相互交换批改，表扬正确率最高的学生；2 做对的学生给做错的学生讲题；3 让每个学生简单总结一下错误原因及应该注意的问题。基础题：单选1. Lucy has many positive personality features _ make her popular at school.A. where B. what C. that D. so that2. Decreasing the greenhouse effect, _ may result in global warming, is a complicated problem facing the whole world. A. whichB. thatC. whyD. as3. Being from a family _ produced great actors, its no wonder that she quickly found her way into the spotlight. A. who B. where C. what D. which4. A lot of lovers chose to get married on Dec. 12, 2012, _ the date, the month and the year match. A. that B. on which C. in which D. which5. Mo Yan, many of works were based on his birth place, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature 2012. A. who B. whom C. whose D. his6. The scientists have made an exhaustive study of the virus _ many people have been infected. A. to which B. in which C. with which D. for which7. A Chinese basketball team employed the former NBA superstar Tracy Macready this year, _ encouraged the whole team and the fans.A. whenB. whereC. whichD. what8. It was from the wallets of these poor people that cigarette makers are determined to make money by promoting goods _ are labeled by the WHO as dangerous to health.（崇明县）A. where B. whichC. whatD. as9. “Ungelivable” is so new an English word coined on the Internet _ is forbidden to appear in official media or documents at present. （奉贤区） A. that B. which C. it D. as10. The physicist has made a discovery, _ is of great importance to the progress of science and technology.（普陀区）A. I think which B. that I think C. which I think D. which I think it11. The Campaign of Occupying Wall Street is a reflection of the contradictions(矛盾) _ exist in the society of