非谓语现在分词

2-3非谓语：现在分词 主动 被动现在分词的一般式现在分词的完成式现在分词的否定式The question being discussed is important.Being a student, he was interested in books. Having studied in university for 3 years, he knows the way very well.Having been criticized by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking.现在分词及其短语的句法功能:1. 作定语 可以改成相应的定语从句eg.a running boy =a boy who is running the girl standing there = a girl who is standing there The working people are the wisest. The farmers working here are very busy. Those sitting in the front were all our foreign guests. . 2. 作表语The story he told to us was very interesting.I am interested in the story he told me.3. 作补语1）现在分词可用作补语（主补、宾补），强调动作的进行或状态；过去分词则表示完成或被动。Soon steam can be seen coming out of the liquid.不久，就能看到气体从液体中逸出。see, watch, catch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, have+ sb/sth+ doing He kept us waiting for a whole hour.他让我们等了整整一小时。I found him very amusing.我们觉得他很有趣。If I catch you doing it again, I wont let you go.区别：have sb/ sth do & have sb/sth doing& have sth doneIf you have difficulty, I will have some people help you.如果你有困难，我会让你帮助你的。 Dont have the child standing in the sun.不要让孩子一直站在太阳底下。 He had his wallet stolen yesterday.昨天他的钱包丢了。2）在see, hear, feel, watch, notice+ sb + do /doing 及区别 We saw the teacher making the experiment. I saw him put on his coat and walk out.我看到了他穿上大衣走了出去。 When I entered the room, I saw him trying on the new coat.我进房间时看到他在试穿大衣。 We watched the game for a long while.我们观看比赛好长一段时间。3）现在分词作宾补时，结构变成被动语态时位置以及形式不变。不定式作宾补变成被动语态时，则要加不定式符号to. We were kept waiting for a whole hour. 我们等了整整一个小时。 He was seen to put on his coat and walk out.有人看见他穿上大衣出去了。4）“have+宾语+现在分词”表示主体使客体处于某状态或干什么事；“have+宾语+过去分词”表示动作是别人做的或与主体意志无关。如： He had his clothes washed.（他叫别人洗了衣服。） We had the fire burning all day.（我们使火燃烧了一整天。）4. 作状语 doing表示与谓语动词同时发生或进行的动作having done表示在谓语动词之前发生的动作done表示分词与句子的主语是被动关系having been done表示在谓语动词之前发生的动作1）相当于原因状语从句。 Being lonely, she decided to visit a friend.因为孤单，她决定去拜访一个朋友。 Being a student, i must study hard.（原因） Being ill, she stayed at home. So many directors being absent, the board meeting had to be put off.由于很多董事缺席，董事会会议只好推迟。 如果现在分词表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，就需要用完成形式。Not having received any reply, she wrote again.由于没有收到回信，她又写了一封。_ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.a. Having suffered b. Suffering c. To suffer d. SufferedWalking in the street, I saw him. 两个动作同时发生Having made up my mind, I immediately set about carrying out my plan. 先后发生2）表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明等 They all sat there, talking and laughing over their stories.他们都坐在那里，笑谈自己的故事。 The teacher stood there, surrounded by the students.（方式） Please answer the question using another way. The boy jumped up and down, singing his favorite song.3）表示结果 His friend died, leaving him a lot of money,European football was played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world.a. making b. makes c. made d. to make4）表示条件Working hard, you will succeed.5)让步状语Having failed many times, he didnt lost heart.带有现在分词的结构：1）独立主格结构Winter coming，it gets colder and colder The shower being over, we all went out to look for some mushrooms in the woods.Time permitting, I will finish another lesson.All the tickets having been sold out, we had to wait for the next weeks show. =as all the tickets having been sold out2）with 的复合结构with+名词(或代词)+现在分词 此时，现在分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的主谓关系。 1)With prices going up so fast, we cant afford luxuries. 由于物价上涨很快，我们买不起高档商品。（原因状语） 2)With the crowds cheering, they drove to the palace. 在人群的欢呼声中，他们驱车来到皇宫。（伴随情况） 4)少量短语在句里可以没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，它们往往作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句：talking of(一提到)， considering(考虑到), judging by/from(根据.判断)， mentioning(一提到.), generally/ frankly speaking /strictly/roughly/broadly/narrowly speaking, supposing, providing, provided等可以修饰整个句子Talking of the computer, i like it very much. 谈到电脑，我非常喜欢。 Considering the time, we have decided to start early tomorrow morning. 考试到时间，我们已经决定明早一早出发现在分词的时态和语态1. 现在分词的一般式和完成式1一般式表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作一般同时进行 Hearing the news, she hurried home without a meal.一听到那个消息，她饭也没吃边匆匆赶回家了。2完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前已经完成 Having learned the technique, he decided to apply for a job.学会那个技术后，他便决定申请一份工作。2. 现在分词的被动式 现在分词的被动式表示一个被动动作，这个动作通常是正在进行的，或是与谓语表示的动作同时发生的。The bridge being built in zhejiang will be the largest bridge over the sea in our country.浙江正在建的大桥将是我国最大跨海大桥。The child often watches the ships being loaded and unloaded.那个孩子经常看船只装卸货物。Having been told to redo it, the boy was very glad.被告诉让重做后，男孩子很高兴。现在分词的否定形式 not +现在分词_ how to find the way, he decided to call a taxi.a. not knowing b. knowing not c. not having known d. having not knownPractise:1. They made a great effort to prepare the exhibition,_(achieve) 他们努力为展览做准备，希望取得巨大成功。2. With _, it is sometimes difficult for us to make ends meet on our small income. (keep) 随着物价的不断增长，依靠我们的微薄收入有时难以量入为出。3. _, his mother had to take care of him at home.(ill) 他生病了，他的母亲得在家照顾他。4. The problem of carbon emissions _ now has aroused the publics wide concern again. (discuss) 碳排放问题现在正在会议上被讨论，这又一次引起了公众的广泛关注。5. In that newly-built computer centre, there are a great number of modern computers, with six experts _.(answer) 在这个新建的电脑中心里有大量的现代化电脑，六个专家回答着用户可能提出的问题。6. _, the kidnapped girl told the police all the suffering she had gone through.(rescue) 被救来之后，被绑架的女孩告诉警察她所遭受的一切。7. Some drivers are warning the vehicles _, such as “Dont follow me, I lost my way too” and “Be off, I am married”. (run) 一些司机警告在他们后面行驶的车辆，比如“不要跟着我，我也迷路了”，和“远离我，我已婚”。8. Although_ as an outstanding basketball player, YaoMing keeps working hard after his retirement. (achieve) 尽管姚明作为一名卓越的篮球员取得了巨大的成功，他在退役后仍然努力工作。9. My uncle sang a few old songs, my aunt _(accompany) 我的叔叔唱一些古老的歌谣，我的阿姨弹琴与之为伴。10. Many of the road signs and advertising billboards are now in English, _. (accessible) 很多路上的标识和公告牌都是英文的，让外国人更易于了解武汉。11. _, the naughty boy mad