名词性从句学案.doc

名词性从句（学案）Step1:复习句子的种类：I.简单句Simple Sentences: 只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句.五种基本句型： 1 2 3 4 5判断：The great ship, Titanic, sailed for New York from Southampton on April 10th, 1912. 【高考链接】“Things _ never come again!” I couldnt help talking to myself. (2007 湖南)A. lost B. losing C. to lose D. were lost II.并列句Compound Sentences：包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句.The food was good, but he had little appetite. 食物很精美，但他却没什么胃口。 (主) (谓)(主)(谓) 注意:并列句之间通常由并列连词(and, but, or等) 或分号隔开。判断正误：If you go on working, and youll succeed in time.III.复合句Complex Sentences1定语从句： 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。【高考链接】1. His movie won several awards at the film festival, _ was beyond his wildest dream. （2007 上海） A. whichB. thatC. where D. it2. Where did you get to know her? It was on the farm _ we worked. （2007 山东）Athat Bthere Cwhich Dwhere 3It is reported that two schools，_ are being built in my hometown，will open next year. （2007 四川） Athey both Bwhich both Cboth of them Dboth of whichStep2新课2名词从句 宾语从句 Objective Clause.宾语从句在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语。 例如： Ill be talking about how you can get the job you really want.(M11U2)注意：如果主句的谓语动词是及物动词make, find, see, hear等，则把宾语从句置于宾语补足语之后，用it作为形式宾语。例如：We find it necessary that we practise spoken English every day.另外，某些作表语的形容词，如sure, happy, glad, certain, afraid等之后也可带宾语从句。例如：I am sure that he will succeed. 我确信他会成功。注意：1.当从句是客观真理,定义,公理,定理时用一般现在时.例如: The teacher said that the earth travels around the sun.2.在think, believe, suppose, expect 等动词之后,宾语从句中谓语的否定常转移到主句的谓语上.例如: I dont think you are right, are you? 3.在suggest, insist, demand, order, require 等表示建议,命令,要求的动词后,从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。例如: I insisted that he（should）do it at once. 主语从句 Subjective Clause 主语从句在句中作主语。它可以放在主句谓语动词之前，但多数情况由it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在主语之后。例如：Who did that is known to all. 谁做的那件事，众所周知。 That the scientist will give us a lecture next week is true It is true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week.常见结构：n It + be + 形容词(certain, obvious, natural, good, possible, likely) + that 从句n It + be + 名词词组 (no wonder, an honour, a pity)+ that 从句n It + be + 过去分词(said, reported, thought, decided, announced)+ that 从句n It +Vi( seem, happen 等不及物动词) +连接代词或副词引导的主语从句n It doesnt matter (makes no difference) +连接代词或副词引导的主语从句【高考链接】1.Dont you think it is necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York? I agree, but the problem is that he has refused to. （2005江苏） A.will not be sent B.not be sent C.should not be sent D.should not send 2. The poor man is ready to accept help he can get. A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whenever注意：1.当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中,要用it作形式主语,而把主语从句后置.如: Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week?2.当主语从句出现在感叹句中,要用it作形式主语,而把主语从句后置.如: How strange it is that the children are so quiet?3.用带-ever的引导词 (如whoever, whatever) 引导的主语从句一般不后置 Whoever leaves the room last should close the door 表语从句 Predicative Clause表语从句在句中作表语，位于主句中的系动词之后。例如：The question is who can complete the difficult task. 问题是谁能完成这项艰难的任务。The problem is how we can get there on time. 问题是我们怎样按时到达那儿。注意：1.在表语从句中,当reason做主语时, 引导词只能用that,不能用because, The reason why he was late was he didnt catch the early bus. 2.主句的主语是名词idea, advice, suggestion, order, request, requirement时, 表语从句应用虚拟语气,即: (should) +v. My suggestion is that we should have a discussion about this matter instead of just setting it aside.同位语从句 Predicative Clause同位语从句跟在名词后面，进一步说明该名词的具体内容，可跟同位语从句的名词主要有fact, news, promise, idea, truth等。连接词用that，不用which。但可以用how, when, where, why 等 The news that our team has won the match is true. 我们队赢了这场比赛的消息是真的。 I have no idea when she will be back. He cant answer the question how he got the money.注意1.有时候可以由that is to say, namely, in other words, that is 等引出同位语. He told us the good news, namely, the museum is open to all. 2. 由suggestion, proposal, order, demand等名词后所带的表语从句或同位语从句,要用虚拟语气. 例如: Xiao Wangs suggestion is that we (should) play basketball after school. Xiao Wang made a suggestion that we (should) play basketball after school.3.同位语从句有时被别的词把它和名词隔开。例如:Word came that their team had won.A story goes that Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. (2006高考)Step3;重点、难点名词性从句的难点在于其句型结构不同，所使用的连词比较复杂。因此,如何确定正确的连词是突破名词性从句的关键。引导名词性从句的连接词：1.从属连词that, whether, if (不充当从句的任何成分） 2.连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.不仅起到连接一个句子的作用，同时也是从句的一个组成部分。 3.连接副词：when, where, how, why 如何确定连接词： 依据“缺什么补什么”原则确定正确的连词。所谓“缺什么补什么”是指句型结构与连词之间的关系。如果句子中缺主语，指人用who，指物用what；如缺宾语，指人用whom，指物用what；如缺时间状语用when；地点状语用where；原因状语用why；方式状语用how；定语用what或which；什么都不缺用that。I know he is talking about. 我知道他正在谈论什么。 Im sure he will come tomorrow. 我确信明天他会来。 he will go is unknown. 他要去哪儿还不知道。I dont know book I should choose. 我不知道应该选哪本书。【高考链接】1._ made the school proud was_ more than 90 of the students had been admitted to key universities. （2003上海春季） A. What; because B. What ; that C. That ; what D. That ; because2._ matters most in learning English is enough practice. (2007 全国卷II) A. WhatB. WhyC. WhereD. Which 3.By improving reading skills, you can read faster and understand more of _you read (2007 上海春) AthatBwhatCwhichDwhether 注意几组易混连词whether与if；that与what的使用：引导主语、表语、同位语从句时关联词只用whether不用if 表“是否”。引导宾语从句时whether, if均可。The question is the film is worth seeing. we shall attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet. We dont know she is ready. that引导从句时不做成分，无意义；而what在从句中充当成分，有意义。 he says is important. light travels faster than the sound is a fact. (3)如何区别定语从句和同位语从句:1.定语从句相当于形容词,它对先行词起修饰、描述和限制作用；同位语从句相当于名词，他是前面名词的内容的具体表达，他们之间是同位关系试比较： The news that you heard is not true. The news that Lincoln was murdered at a theatre is true.2. That在定语从句中充当某一成分，是关系代词；that在同位语从句中不做任何成分，仅起连接作用试比较： The fact that we talked about is very important. The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody.3.when, where, how, why如引导定语从句，他们分别指前面先行词所表示的时间地点原因方式；否则引导的很可能是同位语试比较： I still remember the day when he was killed. I have no idea when he was killed. That is the house where the king was born. The question where we should go has not been discussed.Step4:巩固练习1：1. No one can be sure _ in a million years.A. what man will look like B. what will man look like C. man will look like what D. what look will man like2. Do you know _ hes getting along well with his English? A. how B. that C. what D. which3. The reason why he didnt come to the party is _ he was ill.A. because B. why C. that D. when 4. Go and get your coat. Its _ you left it.A. there B. where C. there where D. where there5. _ more countries can use natural energy in future _ to be seen.A. Whether; remains B. What ; remains C. Who ; remained D. If ; remains6._ she couldnt understand was _fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.A. W