8A Unit2 School life知识点讲解和相关试卷.doc

译林牛津8 A Unit 2 School life教材全解及单元测试卷1. Comic strip(1) They have to work harder. (P. 18) have to表示“必须、不得不”，强调客观上的必须，must侧重于个人意志和主观上的必须。例如：We have to walk home because the car has broken down.We must study hard. hard作副词表示“努力地、猛烈地”，作形容词，表示“困难的”。例如：We should study hard.It is raining hard.It is hard to answer the question.(2) Its like watching TV, but there are fewer advertisements. (P. 18) like此处用作介词，表示“像”，后接名词、代词或动词ing形式。例如：Whats your house like?Its like listening to music. few意为“很少”，表示否定意义，修饰可数名词复数，a few表示“一些”，表示肯定意义，修饰可数名词复数。例如：Few people understand this difference.I have a few friends in America.2. Welcome to the unit(1) vacation (P. 19)vacation表示“假期”多用于美式英语中，而英式英语中用holiday。be on vacation“在度假”，go on vacation“去度假”，take a vacation“度假”，the winter/summer vacation “寒/暑假”。例如：Mr Wang was on vacation last month.They are going to England to spend their summer holidays.(2) Id like to buy some biscuits. (P. 19)would like意为“想要”，常用的结构有：would like sth.“想要某物”；would like to do sth. “想要做某事”。例如：I would like some apples.He would like to eat some bananas.【拓展】1. “Would you like sth.?”句型的肯定回答用“Yes, please.”，否定回答用“No, thanks.”。2. “Would you like to do sth.?”句型的肯定回答用“Yes, Id like/love to.”，否定回答用“Id like/love to, but.”。(3) Shall we go together? (P. 19)“Shall we.?”意为“我们好吗？”用于征求他人意见、向他人提出建议或者请求他人的许可，肯定回答用“Good idea./Thats a good idea./Of course, Id like to.”，否定回答为“Im sorry, but I.”。例如：-Shall we go to the museum?-Thats a good idea.(4) Id like to, but the school football team will practise this Saturday. (P. 19) practise用作及物动词，意为“练习、操练”后接动名词作宾语。My younger brother practises playing the piano every day.3. Reading(1) It is a mixed school. (P. 20) mixed这里作为形容词，意为“男女混合的”。例如：All the schools here are mixed ones.I had mixed feelings about meeting him again.【拓展】mix作动词，表示“混合、混在一起”，mix up意为“混合在一起”。Lets mix the flour with water.He mixed up all the ingredients.(2) Among all my subjects, I like French best. (P. 20) like.best意为“最喜欢”，可与含有favorite的句子互换。I like summer best.=Summer is my favorite season.(3) Learning foreign languages is fun. (P. 20) 动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.Seeing is believing.(4) During the week, we can borrow more books from the school library. (P. 20)borrow作及物动词，表示“借进来”，常用的结构为“borrow sth. from sb.”“从某人拿借某物”，lend表示“借出去”，用于“lend sb. sth.=lend sth. to sb.”结构中。例如：He borrowed 1,000 dollars from his friend.I lent my bike to him yesterday.=I lent him my bike yesterday. (5) We can also bring in books and magazines from home. (P. 20)bring in表示“带来”。Liu Nan brought in some beautiful flowers from home yesterday.【拓展】bring相关短语bring along 把一起带来bring.out 出版、使呈现bring up 抚养长大bring.to life 使苏醒(6) Near the end of the week, we discuss the books with our classmates in class. (P. 20) end作名词，表示“末端、尽头”，at the end of “在尽头”，in the end“最后、终于”。例如：Well have a test at the end of this month.He worked out the problem in the end. discuss作及物动词，表示“讨论”，discuss sth. with sb. “和某人讨论某事”，名词为discussion。例如：Why didnt you discuss it with your teacher?He joined us in the discussion yesterday.(7) Times seems to go faster when we are reading interesting books. (P. 20)seem意为“仿佛、似乎”，常用于以下结构中 seem+形容词（seem to be+形容词）意为“好像、似乎”。That seems very easy.The book seems (to be) quiet interesting. seem to do sth.意为“好像做某事、似乎做某事”。The baby seems to be asleep.It seems to rain. It seems that.“好像、似乎”。It seems that no one knows what happened.It seems that you are right.(8) He often listens carefully to my problems and offers me help. (P. 20)offer/用作及物动词，意为“主动提出、自愿给予”，主要用法如下： offer sth. 意为“提供某物、提供某事”。He offered a good plan for our holiday. offer to do sth. 意为“（主动）提出做某事”。Tom offered to drive us to the bus station. offer sb. sth./offer sth. to sb. 意为“（主动）给某人提供某物”。We should offer others our help.(9) On Friday afternoon, our school ends earlier than usual. (P. 20) 介词on用来表示具体某一天或某一天的上午、下午、晚上。on Monday eveningon the afternoon of May 1ston a cold morning end用作动词，表示“结束”，相当于be over。What time does your school end? usual意为“平常的、通常的”，as usual表示“像往常一样”。Its usual for him to go to school on foot.As usual, he got to school at 7 oclock.(10) Our team won two games last month. (P. 20)win此处用作及物动词，意为“赢得”，也可以作不及物动词，表示“获胜，赢”。例如：Who won the mens 400-metre race?We must win today.【拓展】辨析win和beat/defeatwin所接的宾语一般表示比赛、战斗、辩论、奖金等名词；beat/defeat所接的宾语是参加比赛的人或者团队，意为“战胜、打败（某人）”。Li Lei beat Tom and won the first prize.(11) Both Nancy and John are Grade 8 students. (P. 22)both.and.表示“和都、既又”，在句中连接两个并列关系的词。例如：Tom can both sing and dance.Both Jim and his elder sister are good at English.(12) I read an article by a boy from the USA. (P. 22)by此处作介词，表示“由、被”。例如：This is a book by Yang Hongying.-Who was the music by?-It was by Mozart.4. Grammar(1) further (P. 24)further是far的比较级，far的比较级有两种形式，即farther和further，farther表示具体的距离上“更远、较远”；further除了表示距离上“更远”以外，还可以表示抽象意义上“更进一步”。例如：He walks a little further.Jim can jump farther than his brother.Many students send their children to foreign countries for further study.(2) She draws better than any other student in my class. (P. 24)“比较级+than any other+单数名词”意为“比其它任何一个都”，该结构形式上是比较级，实际表达最高级含义，该结构中的名词必须用单数形式。Tom swims faster than any other boy of the three.=Tom swims fastest of the three boys.5. Integrated skills(1) How much time do students spend on homework every day? (P. 25)spend表示“花费”，常用的结构有：spend+时间/金钱+on sth.或者spend+时间/金钱+(in) doing sth.。例如：Lily spent twenty dollars on the new dress.Lily spends two hours finishing her homework.【拓展】辨析spend, pay, take和costspend主语是人spend.on sth./spend.(in) doing sth.pay主语是人pay for sth./pay sb. for sth.take 主语是itIt takes sb.+时间+to do sth.cost主语是物sth. costs sb.+金钱(2) Do students wear uniforms? (P. 25)wear作及物动词，表示“穿着、戴着”。He always wears a white shirt.【拓展】辨析wear, put on和dresswear穿着侧重于穿戴的状态The girl wears a red coat today.put on穿上侧重于穿戴的动作Put on your coat. It is cold outside.dress给穿衣服指给自己或者他人穿衣服The boy is too young to dress himself.(3) Chinese students have more weeks off for the summer holiday than British students. (P. 25)“have+一段时间+off”意为“休息多长时间、放假多长时间”。They will have three weeks off for the winter holiday.6. Study skills(1) daily (P. 27)daily作形容词，表示“每日的、日常的”，相当于everyday。There was little change in their daily life.(2) I looked through the question quickly. (P. 27)look through意为“浏览、快速查看、透过看”。例如：Before you answer these questions, youd better look through them first.Look through the window, and you can see the beautiful view.(3) I read very slowly at first, but I am doing better now. (P. 27)at first意为“首先、起初”，相当于first of all，反义词为at last或者in the end。At first we used hand tools. Later we had machines.(4) I also keep writing in English about my daily life. (P. 27)keep (on) doing sth.意为“继续做某事、重复做某事”。They kept talking about it.7. Task(1) How long is lunchtime at your school? (P. 28)how long此处表示“多长时间”，对时间段进行提问，另外，还可以表示“物体的长度”，对长度进行提问。例如：-How long were you away from school last year?-About three years.-How long is the river?-About 15 kilometers.【拓展】辨析how long, how soon和how oftenhow long“多长时间”，提问for和since引出的时间状语-How long did you stay there?-For about two weeks.how soon “多久”提问“in+一段时间”-How soon will they come back?-In two weeks.how often“多久一次”，提问动作发生的频率-How often do you go home?-Once a week.(2) Do you think your school is a good one? (P. 28)one用作不定代词，指代前面提到过的那类事物中的一个，复数为ones。one指同一类事物，it指同一个事物。例如：I have a new hat and several old ones.The coat is hers. Its very beautiful.(3) I love computers, so I have computer lessons every day. (P. 29)so作连词，意为“因此、所以”，表示结果，不可以和because同时连用。Lily is very kind, so every likes her.(4) We always have fun. (P. 29)have fun意为“玩得开心”，相当于have a good time，后接名词时加上介词with，即have fun with sth.；接动词时，用动词的ing形式，即have fun doing sth.。例如：Did you have fun last weekend?The children have a lot of fun with the building blocks.We had fun playing in the park.【重点短语和句型归纳】1、 重点短语1. have to 必须，不得不2. learn about 了解3. buy sth. for sb.为某人买某物4. during the week 在这周期间5. borrow from从借6. discuss with与谈论7. in the club在俱乐部里8. help sb. do sth.帮助某人做某事9. offer sb. sth.给予某人某物10. twice a week一周两次11. do morning exercises做早操12. play cheese 下象棋13. at most 至多，不超过14. look through 浏览15. at first 起初，至先16. keep (on) doing sth.继续，重复做某事17. go to school/see a film 去学校/看电影18. watch TV看电视19. cant wait 迫不及待20. a mixed school 一所混合学校21. have lessons together 一起上课22. bring in 带来23. seem to do 似乎将要做某事24. morethan比多25. in the race 在比赛中26. do some reading做一些阅读27. go on a school trip参加学校旅行2、 重点句型1. What+be+主语+like? 怎么样？2. Shall we do sth.? 我们做某事好吗？3. seem to do sth. 仿佛/似乎做某事4. 比较级+than+any other+单数名词 比其它任何一个都5. spend time on/doing sth.花费时间做某事6. Why dont you do sth.? 你为什么不做某事？7. finish doing sth. 完成做某事8. practise doing sth. 练习做某事【语法讲解】1. 如何比较数量的多少两者之间数量上的比较（1）用”morethan”结构表示“比多”，more后接可数名词复数或不可数名词。（2）用“fewer/lessthan”结构表示“比少”，fewer后接可数名词复数，less后接不可数名词。三者或三者以上的数量上的比较（1）用the most表示“最多”，most后接可数名词复数或不可数名词。（2）用the fewest/least表示“最少”, fewest后接可数名词复数，least后接不可数名词。I have the fewest books in our class. 在我们班里我有最少的书。2. 副词的比较级和最高级副词比较级和最高级的构成（1）规则变化：单音节词副词，加-(e)ra、副词和形容词同形，单音节，在词尾加-er，fast-faster, hard-harder, loud-louderb、以字母e结尾的副词，加-r，late-laterc、以辅音字母+y结尾的副词，先变y为i，再加-er，early-earlier部分双音节副词和多音节副词，前面加more，carefully-more carefully, politely-more politely【注意】同理，最高级也一样，只是将-er换成-est，more换成most而已。（2）不规则变化：well-better-bestbadly-worse-worstfar-farther-farthest副词比较级的用法A+副词的比较级+than B.当than前后使用的动词相同时，通常用do的某种形式代替后面的动词，该词可以省略。副词最高级常用句型结构（1）“主语+实义动词+（the）+副词最高级+in/of短语”表示“得最的”I jump (the) farthest in my class. 我是我们班跳得最远的。（2）“特殊疑问句+实义动词+（the）+副词最高级+甲，乙，丙？”用于三者（以上）的比较。Who runs (the) fastest, Tom, Mary or Kate? 谁跑的最快，汤姆、玛丽还是凯特？【单元测试卷】一、 短语翻译（每题1分，共10分）1、必须，不得不 2、某人的理想学校 3、为某人买某物 4、从.借. 5、与谈论 6、休息 7、至多，不超过 8、在我所有的课程中 9、似乎要做某事 10、结束的比平时早 二、 单项选择（每题1分，共15分）( ) 1. In our school, _students like English, but _ of them can speak English smoothly. A. a little; a fewB. a few; few C. a few; littleD. a little; few( ) 2.-Look！A man is standing on his two hands. -Yes. It seems he _ for long. A. practicedB. has practiced C. was practicingD. practices( ) 3.The dictionary may _ for three weeks. A. keep B. be kept C. borrow D. be borrowed( ) 4.The boats take different routes, but they all _ in the same place. A. give up B. clear up C. end up D. make up( ) 5. Parents often _ their children _ some good advice. A. offer; withB. offer; /C. provide; withD. both B and C( ) 6. -Hi, David. _ do you go to see your grandparents. - About three times a month. A. How long B. How often C. How soon D. How far( ) 7.There will be _ jobs for people because some robots will do the same jobs as people. A. many B. more C. fewer D. fewest( ) 8.Most students spend too much time _ computer games. A. playing B. play C. plays D. played( ) 9.Do you have toys? Id like to buy _ for my cousin. A. it B. one C. this D. that( ) 10. Lin Fang comes home _ than before this term. She doesnt have so many classes in the afternoon. A. early B. earlier C. late D. later( ) 11.Tony is not as clever as Lucy, but he works _ than her. A. hard B. harder C. hardest D. the hardest( ) 12. -Would you like to come to my party this evening? -_. But I have to study for my math test. A. My pleasureB. Id love to C. Thats all rightD. Dont mention it( ) 13. -Hows Bob now? -I hear the company _ him a very good job, but he turned it down. A. donated B. served C. offered D. introduced( ) 14.We are so glad to see Meizhou is developing _ these years than it did before. A. more quicklyB. the more quickly C. most quicklyD. the most quickly( ) 15. -Which season do you like _, winter or summer? - Summer. A. well B. better C. best D. the best三、 完形填空（每题1分，共10分）Few people like changing their habits, good or bad. Whether it is smoking, drinking or over-eating, they 1 “enjoying” them to the end. On every packet of cigarettes(香烟), people are warned against the 2 of smoking: “Warning: Cigarette Smoking Is Dangerous to Your Health”. 3 , millions of them start smoking or go on smoking. Why? Facts show that families and surroundings(环境) play a very important part in 4 smokers. All those smokers come from smoking families or have smoking 5 or relatives. Films and TV plays also play a part. People 6 their “heroes” on TV drinking alcohol(酒) or smoking cigarettes. “Heroes” seem to fear 7 , neither killing themselves nor killing others with alcohol and cigarettes. If they are not afraid of the harm of smoking and drinking, 8 should common people be afraid?The simple warning on the cigarette packet does not influence smokers habits. Even 9 warnings, like showing pictures of smokers who have died of cancer, dont seem to work. Knowing and believing seem to be two 10 things. If smoking is really as harmful as doctors say, it is time for smokers to think about it and try to give it up!( ) 1. A. stopB. continueC. finishD. avoid( ) 2. A. chancesB. excusesC. causesD. dangers( ) 3. A. MoreoverB. AlsoC. HoweverD. Otherwise( ) 4. A. influencingB. explainingC. improvingD. describing( ) 5. A. parentsB. unclesC. brothersD. friends( ) 6. A. hearB. catchC. watchD. face( ) 7. A. somethingB. nothingC. anythingD. everything( ) 8. A. whatB. howC. whenD. why( ) 9. A. strongerB. worseC. longerD. harder( ) 10. A. similar B. pleasantC. differentD. boring4、 阅读理解（每题2分，共30分）ASmoking in indoor public places including public working places, public transport vehicles and some other special outdoor working places has been banned(禁止)in China since January 2011.Lets look at the following advantages of banning smoking.First, banning smoking will not only help in saving smokers from health problems and diseases, but will also be good for passive(被动)smokers. When the smoker is smoking in a restaurant, the people around him are sure to breathe in the smoke and suffer from the diseases an active smoker gets. If smoking is banned, spread of these diseases can be controlled. Next, banning smoking will put stress on smokers to give up. Since a smoker is prevented from smoking, he will learn how to live without smoking for long hours. When a smoker doesnt smell or see anybody around him smoking, it might reduce his wish to smoke too. As a result, people have to give up smoking. Smoking in public places influences non-smokers to start smoking, especially adolescents. When teens see people around them smoking, they will follow them easily. Thus the number of teen smokers will increase. Also asthma(哮喘)and other problems are often seen in children living around smokers. So if it is banned, these places will become safe for children and teenagers. Looking from the economic point of view, smoking should be banned to increase work productivity(生产率).Employees(雇员)who smoke usually take breaks to smoke while working. So the number of hours they put in their work is smaller. If you see from the environment point of view, smoking should be banned. Smoking causes air pollution. If it is banned, it will help keep the environment from getting worse.( ) 1._doesnt belong to a non-smoking place.A. A fieldB. A hospitalC. A libraryD. A restaurant( ) 2. The second paragraph mainly wants to tell us _.A. banning smoking is good for restaurantsB. banning smoking is good for non-smokersC. banning smoking is good for spread of diseasesD. banning smoking is good for active smokers and passive smokers( ) 3. How many advantages of banning smoking are mentioned in this passage? A. TwoB. FourC. FiveD. Six.( ) 4. According to the text, the underlined word “adolescents” means _. A. menB. womenC. adultsD. teenagers( ) 5. Which of the following statements in NOT true? A. If smoking is banned, work productivity will increase. B. If smoking is banned, the number of teen smokers will be larger. C. If smoking is banned, it will make the environment become better. D. If smoking is banned, smokers will learn how to live without smoking.BFoods that are well known to you may not be familiar to people from different places around the world. Tourists and travelers often get to try some unfamiliar food. That is part of the fun of traveling. Here are four peoples experiences with foreign food. David King is a Chinese student in France. “I never had cheese or even milk before I came to France. Cows are seldom seen in my part of China. So there is no milk or milk products. I drank some milk when I first arrived in France. I hated it! I tried cheese, too, but I didnt like it. I love ice cream, though thats made from milk.” Birgit is from Sweden. She traveledto Austral