M6U1Grammarandusage (2).doc

Period4 U1 Book 6 Grammar and usage Overview: infinitive, verb-ing and verb-edBy Long Guanying from No.1 Middle School of Anren,HunanTeaching aims:A.Get the students to review the forms of non-finite verbsB.Get the students to summarise how to use them in different waysC.Get the students to know the differences between different forms of non-finite verbs Key points:Get the students to tell the differences between different forms non-finite berbsDifficult points:Get the students to use the different forms of non-finite verbs correctlyStep 1.Different forms of non-finite verbs非谓语动词是指在句子中不作谓语的动词，主要包括_, _, _。 Step 2.Usages of non-finite verbs作主语-先做练习1._ is to believe. / _ is believing. 眼见为实。2. Its no use _ over spilt milk. 覆水难收。(打翻牛奶，哭也没用)3. It is impossible _(完成任务)within such a short time.4. It is very friendly of you_(邀请我们参加你的生日派对)5. _(散步) is a good form of exercise for both young and old. 6. _(怎样去那里) hasnt been decided.再归纳:1 不定式作主语常表示具体的某一动作； 动名词作主语表示泛指或一般的抽象概念Swimming is exciting. / To swim in Lu River is terrible.2.单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数; 若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,真正主语不定式短语整体后置3. 复合结构: It is /was + adj.+ (for /of sb.) to do sth.eg: It is important for us to learn English well. It is very kind of you to help me.4. It is no use / no good / useless + doing sth5.不定式可以和when / where /how /what /whether等连用，在句中作主语、宾语和表语作定语-先做练习1.He has no wish_(见她). 2.The power station _明年修建的will be of great value to the people.3.He is always the last _ (离开公司).4.The temple_(矗立山顶的） was built in the Ming Dynasty.5. The question_ (正被讨论的）is important.6.Last autumn, I took many photos of leaves _(落到地上的).7.I dont like to see the letter _ (用铅笔写的).再归纳：1在序数词、形容词最高级the first， the last, the only 等修饰的名词后用动词不定式作定语。2. 若作定语的不定式是不及物动词, 或者及物动词与被修饰的词不能构成动宾关系时,则不定式动词后须加上适当的介词。 eg: 他正在找房子住。 He is looking for a house to live in3.不定式短语作定语可以和中心名词(如chance,opportunity,wish,dream,ambition)构成同位关系。 Eg.你要抓住这个出国的好机会。You should seize the chance to go abroad.现在分词与过去分词, 不定式作定语的区别过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系或过去分词表示的动作已完成。现在分词作定语表示动作正在进行，与修饰词是主谓关系。不定式作定语表示将动作要发生。 _ now (正在被建的)the house _ next year (将要被建的) _ last year (建好了的) 作宾补先做练习1. With all the problems_( solve)，everyone felt rather relaxed.2. You dont have to make Paul _(learn) French. He is made _(do) too many things.3. How could you keep such a little boy _(work ) so long ?4. I need this chapter_ (rewrite) before tomorrow.5. On seeing the superstar, she felt her heart _ (beat) fast.6. When playing football, Jack had his leg _(break).再归纳:1. 省to的不定式作宾补感官动词： see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen, smell, taste, feel使役动词：have，make，let “五看三使二听二味一感觉”2. Tom often makes his brother _. (cry) Toms brother is often made _ by him.总结 某些动词真奇怪，to来to去令人猜；主动语态to离开，被动语态to回来。作宾语-先做练习1. Dont pretend _(没看见我) 2. Theyre practising _(唱一首英文歌).3. I regret _(没有向她道歉).4. I think _ necessary for us _ (懂得如何使用电脑。再归纳：动词不定式作宾语 记忆口诀决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装，主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。decide / determine, learn, want, hope / expect / wish;refuse, manage, care, pretend; offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask / beg, help动名词作宾语记忆口诀：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想，避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏，禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon;admit, delay/put off, fancy; avoid, miss keep/keep on, practise;deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate; forbid, imagine, risk; cant help, mind, allow/permit, escape作表语-先做练习1. One aim of GM research is _ ( produce) food which will make us healthier.2. What we should do now is _ (study) hard. 3. He was _( excite) to hear the exciting news.4. The news was really _ (excite) 5. What the little boy likes is _(play) with his toy car.再归结：1.不定式/动名词做表语用通常是解释主语的内容的。主语和表语可以互相交换。Eg. My job is to teach you English.=To teach you English is my job. My job is teaching you English.=Teaching you English is my job.2.现在分词做表语说明主语的特征，通常表示：令人.的，含有主动意义。Eg. 这个年老的教授的课堂太无聊了。The old professors lecture is too boring.3.过去分词做表语说明主语的所处的状态，通常表示：感到.的，含有被动意义。Eg. 我们对这个年老的教授的课感到很无聊。We are bored with the old professors lecture.4.当不定式短语(to do sth)作表语用时，如果主语部分有动词do本身的某种形式(to do/do/doing/does/done/did)时，表语的不定式短语可以省略to,只用动词原形作表语。Eg. 她所做的/正在做的/将要做的/已经做的一切就是每天在厨房做饭。What she does/is doing/will do/has done is cook meals in the kitchen every day.Step 3 Practice1.Tell Mary that theres someone _for her at the door.A. waitingB. waitedC. waitsD. to wait2.There is a big dog _to a fence outside the house.A. tying B. tied C. to tie D .ties3.The_waiter came up to us and said, You are welcome.A. smiling B. smiledC. smileD. to smile4. It is no use _ with him. A. arguing B. to argue C. argued D. to be argue5. _ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement. A.The president will attend B.The president to attend C.The president attended D. The presidents attending6.- Where should I send my form? - The Personnel office is the place.A. for sending itB. to send it toC. to send D. to send it7.It wascomputer games that cost the boy a lot of time that he ought to have spent on his lessons. A. to have played B. playing C. played D. having played8.The foodat the moment is for the dinner party.A. cooked B. to be