中考英语总复习 第38讲 完形填空（一）课件 人教新目标版.ppt

完形填空 一 第三十八讲 完形填空 2014 河北 haveyoueverofferedahelpinghandtothosewhoareintrouble oneday two 1 werewalkingalongtheroadtoschoolwhentheysawanoldwomancarryingalargebasketofpears theythoughtthewomanlookedvery 2 theywentuptoherandsaid areyougoingtotown ifyouare wewillhelpcarryyourbasket thankyou 3 thewoman youareverykind youseei mweakandill thenshetoldthemthatshewasnowgoingtomarketto 4 thepearswhichgrewontheonlytreeinherlittlegarden weareallgoingtothe 5 saidtheboys letushavethebasket andtheytookholdofit oneeachside theywalked 6 withtheheavybasket buthappily 名题实战 theotherday isawalittlegirlstopand 7 apieceoforangepeel 皮 whichshethrewintothedustbin 垃圾桶 iwish 8 wouldthrowthatonthesidewalk saidshe someonemaysteponitandfall perhapssomemaysaythatthesearenot 9 things thatisright butsuchalittlethingshowsthatyouhaveathoughtfulmindandafeelingheart wemustnotwaitforthe 10 todogreatthings wemustbeginwithlittlethingsoflove 名题实战 1 a boysb girlsc mend women 2 a boredb tiredc pleasedd surprised 3 a askedb toldc repliedd spoke 4 a bringb buyc taked sell 5 a townb marketc gardend school 6 a weaklyb quicklyc slowlyd quietly 7 a takeoutb cutoffc putdownd pickup 8 a nobodyb everybodyc somebodyd anybody 9 a littleb goodc greatd bad 10 a payb timec adviced love a b c d a c d a c b 完形填空 题是一种旨在考查学生语法和词汇知识综合运用能力的典型题型 它结合了单项选择题和短文填空的优点 既考查词语搭配 近义词辨异 动词时态 句型结构 复合句的关联和习惯用法等 又考查了逻辑推理和事理推断能力 同学们只有具备了扎实的语言基本功 较好的阅读能力及归纳判断能力 才能适应这一题型 一 完形填空 题要求填入的词 1 语法结构所要求的功能词 如 连接词 连接代词 连接副词 关系代词 关系副词等 2 具有语法变化的普通词 如 动词的时态 语态 语气 名词的数 代词的格 形容词和副词的等级等 3 固定搭配短语或词组中的特定词 4 同义词 近义词等易混淆词 5 根据上下文意思及结构必须填入的确定词 二 完形填空 题解题策略 1 解题前要通读全文 领悟大意 完形填空常以文章或段落的形式出现 因此 通读全文 把握文章整体大意尤为重要 很多同学为了省时间 只看选项 不看文章 不看上下文 不寻找文章中句子与句子的关系 结果做出来的答案往往是错误的 2 解题时要全面考虑 确定选项 完形填空有些答案的四个选项从词汇搭配 语法和句子结构等角度考虑均行得通 但由于文章是一个完整的统一体 词 句 段三者存在着内在逻辑关系 因此考生还要从上下文中寻找有关的信息 对文章的情节进行逻辑推理 抓住含有关键信息的词语 理顺句子之间的关系 确定正确的答案 其具体做法有 重视首句寻求信息完形填空本是一篇残缺的文章 留下首句可以帮助考生了解文章的主题 可以了解短文的概貌与作者的意图 要充分利用首句的标示作用 利用它为解题找到一个突破口 从而展开思维 例1 mystutter 口吃 hadalwaysbeenmuchofaproblem i dhadsomanyspecialistsformy overtheyears 2013 北京 35 a speechb studyc dreamd fear解析 由首句 我的口吃已经成为一个大问题 可知 作者在说话方式上很 独特 speech指 说话方式 答案 mymotheronlyhadoneeye andbecauseofthis ineverwishedhertoshowupinmyschool beingafraidthatmyclassmateswould 1 ihadanuglymother 2014 十堰 41 1 a runoutb putoutc comeoutd findout a d 明辨褒贬语境 判断是非几乎每篇完形填空的语境都有一定的褒贬性 这种褒贬性反映了主人公的特定心理 情绪状态和作者写作意图 因此利用好文章的语境褒贬性就能对文章进行准确的逻辑判断 从而在吃透文章并准确理解文意的基础上推断出每一空的准确信息 找出能反映语境褒贬性的标志性词语或句子 大胆预测下文 例2 atlast hisdreamcametrue andhisparentswere ofhim 2013 长沙 40 a famousb strictc proud解析 由全文可知 父母看到儿子通过努力实现了自己的梦想 应该感到自豪 答案 iwantedtogetarideinsomebodyelse scar butitwasdarkandtherewasnocar itwasalso totakeataxi 2013 湘潭 2 a easyb difficultc early c b 巧用平行结构 判断逻辑平行结构指的是结构相同或相似 意思密切关联 语气一致的句子或短语组成串排列的语言现象 平行结构形式上整齐匀称 内容上联系紧密 命题者常从平行结构的句式相同或相似这一角度 利用其意义上的关联和对比这一特点来设题 了解这一点可大大提高解题效率 例3 jimsmithwasapoorboy onedayhewasverycoldand hecametoahouseandaskedayoungwomanonlyforaglassofwater 2013 云南 41 a hotb hungryc coold strong解析 由上文 hewasverycold 可知 与cold相对的是 饿 答案 theyfoundthatthekidswhowatchedviolentcartoonsfoughtwithothersand 3 classrulesmoreoften 2014 宜宾 47 3 a brokeb followedc obeyedd made b a 结合常识 明辨真伪 例4 wecan tforcelifetofollowourwishes theearthwon t turningwhetherweacceptitornot 2013 山西 36 a stopb keepc start解析 无论我们是否接受 地球都不会停止转动 therearemany 6 ofmakingpocketmoneybykidsthemselves firstofall theylearnthe 7 ofmoneybyworkinghardsothattheywillnotwasteany secondly theylearnto 8 moneytobuythingstheyneedorwant suchasbooks pencils moviesandevenclothestheylike thirdly theylearnto 9 thedailylifeproblemsbyhelpingtheirparentsorothers makingpocketmoneyis 10 forchildrenwhentheygrowup thatiswhyparentsencouragetheirkidstomakepocketmoney 1 a alsob anywayc howeverd besides 2 a waysb levelsc homesd countries 3 a teachersb friendsc parentsd neighbours 4 a getb havec catchd reach 5 a reallyb hardlyc properlyd especially 6 a choicesb advantagesc problemsd lessons 7 a funb valuec messaged purpose 8 a countb wastec managed change 9 a giveupb lookupc dealwithd meetwith 10 a helpfulb carefulc beautifuld successful c a c d d b b c c a 二 2014 兰州 thegrasslooksgreenerontheothersideofthefence that sanold 11 inenglish itmeansotherplacesoftenlookbetter moreinterestingthantheplace 12 youlive somepeopleworry 13 youngchinesearebeginningtofeelthatway theyseeyoungchineseignoringchinesecultureand instead 14 japanesecartoonbooks watchingkoreansoapoperasandevencelebratingwesternholidays foreignbooksandsoapoperasaregood 15 chinesewritersandactorsarejustasgood asforholidays christmasisnice butitcan 16 havethemeaningforchinesethatspringfestivalhas andthewesthasnothingtocomparewithmid autumnfestival andlet snotforgetthepartofchinesecultureilikebest 17 friendliness notallcountriesareas 18 aschina it sgoodtoenjoyotherculturesandtolearn 19 them buttheycannotreplaceyourownculture it sgoodtolookontheothersideofthefence but 20 youtakeagoodlonglook youwillfindthatthegrassisn talwaysgreenerontheothersideofthefence 11 a sayingb wordsc voiced talk 12 a whyb whenc whered how a c 13 a ifb thatc whatd whether 14 a buyb refusingc refusedd buying 15 a butb soc ord because 16 a alwaysb everc stilld never 17 a itb theyc itsd their 18 a warmerb warmc coldd colder 19 a fromb withc tod over 20 a makeupb makesure b d a d c b a b 三 2014 襄阳 assoonashefinishedhishomework ericjumpedontohisbicycleand 21 offinthedirectionofthebeach whilehewasridingalong he 22 aboutthewhales 鲸 hehopedhewouldseethemagaintoday afterhegottothebeach ericputhisbicycle 23 abushsothatnoonecouldseeitfromtheroad thenherandownontothesand thoughitwasonlyfourintheafternoon theskywasalreadygetting 24 ericfrowned 皱眉 ifitrained hewouldn tbeabletoseethewhalesbecausetheywouldstayindeeperwater hehurriedalongthebeachtotherock itwasthebest 25 toseethewhalesfrom beforeericreachedtherock he 26 adropofwateronhishead ohno hethought nowthewhaleswillstayinthedeepwaterandiwon tbeableto 27 them butjustthenhesawalargeshapeonthebeach itwasayoungwhale thewhalehadcometooclosetotheshoreandgotstuck 搁浅 onthebeach atfirstthewhaledidn tmoveatallandericthoughtitwas 28 thenhesawitstailmoveweakly ericturnedandranintherainasfastashecouldbacktohisbicycle hehadtoget 29 iftheydidn tgetthewhalebackinthewatersoon itwoulddieandericcouldn tletthat 30 21 a walkedb fellc gotd rode 22 a talkedb thoughtc learnedd asked 23 a beforeb overc ond behind 24 a brightb farc darkd high 25 a timeb seasonc weatherd place 26 a feltb drankc putd saw 27 a catchb watchc saved feed 28 a aliveb lovelyc deadd upset 29 a waterb medicinec helpd care 30 a happenb livec god swim d b d c d a b c c a 四 2014 嘉兴 oneday thestudentsofclass6werereadingintheclassroom mrsbrowncameinandtoldthewholeclassthattheywouldhavetochange 31 inmarch thenaughtiestclassinthegradecouldnot 32 it thepupilsalldisagreedwiththedecision sotheyshoutedwhenmrsbrownsaiditwasbecauseanewpupilwouldbe 33 theclass theclasswasindisorder whymustwemovetoanotherclassroomjustbecausesomeonenewiscoming oneofthemasked 34 mrsbrownwaitedpatientlybeforetheclasswithoutsayinganything thestudentssawitandtheybecamequiet mrsbrowntoldthemtobe 35 totheirnewclassmateandthensheleft thefollowingweek theclassunderstood 36 theprincipalhimselfbroughtthenewstudenttotheirclass 37 mrwhitepushedthenewstudenttotheclassbecausethestudentwasinawheelchair mrwhite 38 thenewstudentasjeffandaskedthemtobefriendlytohim hesaidthatjeffnowwasa 39 oftheclassandtheyshouldworktogether headded ahousedivided 分开 againstitselfcannotstand 40 couldfullyunderstandwhatmrwhitemeantatfirst overtime theybegantounderstandwhattheirprincipalmeant jeffwasa 41 studentandoftenlentahelpinghandto