定语从句教学设计.doc

定语从句教学设计石河子一中 高中英语 林小美定语从句定义：在英语中用来修饰一个名词、代词的句子在语法上称为定语从句，且定语从句放在被修饰词的后面。定语从句分为：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 限制性定语从句：修饰的词代表一个、一些、一类特定的人或物，这种定语从句已和被修饰词构成了一个完整的意思，一般把限制性定语从句译为“的”，定语从句不能随便拿掉。在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从句的关系代词有：which, that, who, whom, whose和as。引导定语从句的关系副词有：where, when, why。关系代词一般用法一览表：先行词/关系代词作 用 主语 宾语 介词+宾语 定语人 类 Who,That Whom That whom Whose事 物 类 Which that Which Whose关系副词一般用法一览表：When 状语 跟在表时间的先行词后 相当于表时间的介词+which的作用Where 状语 跟在表地点的先行词后 相当于表地点的介词+which的作用why 状语 跟在表原因的先行词后（以reason为常见） 相当于表原因的介+which的作用I. 关系代词引导词：which, that, who, whom, whose具体用法：1、当先行词为物时，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，宾语，定语。用which, that, whose+n, of+whichAn astronaut is a person who works and travels in space.A spacecraft is a vehicle that/ which can travel in space.作主语用who, which或that, 如： He is the man who/that lives next door. The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen.作宾语用whom, who, which, that 如：The man (whom/who/that) we have just seen is a famous writer.Where is the book (which/that) I bought last week?作定语用whose 如：(a) He is the man whose car was stolen last week.(b) It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time.：“whose +名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语（如上a句），又能作宾语（如上b句）。whose 的先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指事物,这时可以与of which 结构互换。词序是：“the+名词+of which”，如： They came to a house whose back wall had broken down. (= the back wall of which) Hes written a book the name of which Ive completely forgotten. (= whose name)作表语只用that, 它既可以指人，也可以指物, 但时常省略。例如：He is no longer the man that he used to be.This is no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be.1.The eggs were not fresh. I bought them yesterday.2.The friend was not hungry. He came to supper last night3.He prefers the cheese. It comes from parents farm.4.The noodles were delicious. You cooked them.这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一 定的介词+which结构： when = on (in, at, during) + which; where = in (at, on) + which; why = for which. I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived. The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较： Ill never forget the day when my hometown was liberated. Ill never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory where radio parts are made. His father works in a factory which /that makes radio parts.温馨提示：when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。而why只能引导限制性定语从句。 关系副词和先行词的关系I still remember the day when I came here. This is the house where I lived last year. There are many reasons why people like traveling.只能用that 做关系代词的情况当先行词是不定代词时, 如: all, few, little, much, every, something, anything, everything, 等。当先行词被the only, the very, the same, little, few, no, any等修饰时。当人和物合做先行词时。在疑问词who, which, what开头的句子中先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时介词的确定方法：1. 根据先行词来确定 This is the pot in which I boiled the milk. This is the pot (which / that) I boiled the milk in.1979 was the year in which my son was born. (= when)This is the place in which I grew up.(= where)eg. (1) They planted the trees _didnt need much water.(2) The meat _we bought yesterday is not fresh.(3) He lives in the room _windows face the south.(4) He lives in the room the windows _face the south.2. 当先行词为人时，关系代词为that, who, whom, whose。在定语从句中作主语时用that, who 作宾语时用 whom, who, that作定语时用whoseeg. (1) The scientist _visited our class yesterday is from Canada.(2) The person _you met yesterday is our Chinese teacher.(3) The person _you talked to just now is our Chinese teacher.(4) Do you know the student _pronunciation is the best in our class.3.as引导的定语从句(1) As引导的定语从句一般和such 连用：There is no such place as you dream of in all this world.全世界决没有像你梦想的地方。I like such a fine city as Beijing.我爱北京那样美丽的城市。The waves were such as I never saw before.这样的波浪我还从未见过。(2) 有时和the same 连用：I have the same trouble as you (have).我和你有同样的困难。This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.这个书包和我昨天丢失的相似。He is of about the same age as you (are of the age).他和你年龄大约相同。Is this the same as you showed me before?这个和你以前给我看过的那个是一样吗？（3）as引导的定语从句，也可以用在下面这类句子中：He stopped the idea, as could be expected.正如可以预料的，他反对这个意见。As we all know, air is a gas.在这种从句中，关系代词as 可作主语，宾语或表语。as从句中修饰全句时有“正有”的含义，而 which 从句中没有此含义。注意：下列四种常见错误1. 在定语从句中加了多余的宾语：Some of the boys I invited them didnt come.2. 定语从句谓语动词的单复数弄错eg. (1) Those who has finished may leave the classroom now.(2) This is one of the rivers in China which flows northward.(3) This is t