新（江苏专用）高考英语二轮复习 第四部分 任务型阅读课件.ppt

任务型阅读 第四部分任务型阅读 命题规律 题型解读与高考感悟 任务型阅读阅读量较大 但阅读难度适中 一般原词与推理 归纳词的比例是5 5 2013年能在文中找到原词的共5题 需要对原文词性 词形变换的共1题 归纳总结得出答案的共4题 2014年推理 归纳题考查比例较大 共6题 能在原文中找到原词和需要对原文词性 词形变换的各2题 2015年有7题可在原文中找到原词或相对应的词形 词性 命题趋势 任务型阅读将会继续在江苏高考试题中占有较大比重 考题形式还是主要以表格形和树状形为主 文章体裁主要以议论文为主 阅读量大 要求考生具有捕捉信息 组织信息和综合概括信息的能力 真题体验 一 2015 江苏 peopleselectnewsinexpectationofareward thisrewardmaybeeitheroftwokinds oneisrelatedtowhatfreudcallsthepleasureprinciple theothertowhathecallstherealityprinciple forwantofbetternames weshallcallthesetwoclassesimmediaterewardanddelayedreward ingeneral thekindofnewswhichmaybeexpectedtogiveimmediaterewardarenewsofcrimeandcorruption accidentsanddisasters sports socialevents andhumaninterest delayedrewardmaybeexpectedfromnewsofpublicaffairs economicmatters socialproblems science education andhealth newsofthefirstkindpaysitsrewardsatonce areadercanenjoyanindirectexperiencewithoutanyofthedangersorstressesinvolved hecantremblewildlyatanaxe murder shakehisheadsympatheticallyandsafelyatahurricane identifyhimselfwiththewinningteam laughunderstandinglyatawarmlittlestoryofchildrenordogs newsofthesecondkind however paysitsrewardslater itsometimesrequiresthereadertotolerateunpleasantnessorannoyance as forexample whenhereadsofthethreateningforeignsituation themountingnationaldebt risingtaxes fallingmarket scarcehousing andcancer ithasakindof threatvalue itisreadsothatthereadermaybeinformedandprepared whenareaderselectsdelayed rewardnews hepullshimselfintotheworldofsurroundingrealitytowhichhecanadapthimselfonlybyhardwork whenheselectsnewsoftheotherkind heusuallywithdrawsfromtheworldofthreateningrealitytowardthedreamworld foranyindividual ofcourse theboundariesofthesetwoclassesarenotstable forexample asociologistmayreadnewsofcrimeasasocialproblem ratherthanforitsimmediatereward acoachmayreadasportsstoryforitsthreatvalue hemayhavetoplaythatteamnextweek apoliticianmayreadanaccountofhislatestsuccessfulpublicmeeting notforitsdelayedreward butverymuchashiswifereads anaccountofaparty inanygivenstoryofcorruptionordisaster athoughtfulreadermayreceivenotonlytheimmediaterewardofindirectexperience butalsothedelayedrewardofinformationandpreparedness therefore whilethedivisionofcategoriesholdsingeneral anindividual stendencymaytransferanystoryfromonekindofreadingtoanother ordividetheexperiencebetweenthetwokindsofreward 71 rewards rewarded解析本题对应首段首句 peopleselectnewsinexpectationofareward 但该空需要变化词形 将areward变为复数形式 或者用reward的过去分词 72 explanations解析此空需要综合右栏所给内容得出答案 与之对应的右栏内容是对两种回报类别的 解释 73 involvement解析由第三段的 areadercanenjoyanindirectexperiencewithoutanyofthedangersorstressesinvolved 以及空前的形容词actual可知这里应将involved变为名词形式 74 share解析由第三段的末句可知他会把自己的感受和对方连在一起 即感同身受 这里应该是 分享 相似的感情 75 threat解析由第四段的 whenhereadsofthethreateningforeignsituation ithasakindof threatvalue 可知这里应该是说带来 威胁 76 prepare解析本题对应倒数第二段中的 itisreadsothatthereadermaybeinformedandprepared 且由空前的不定式符号to可知此处填prepare 77 withdraw解析本题对应倒数第二段末句 whenheselectsnewsoftheotherkind heusuallywithdrawsfromtheworldofthreateningrealitytowardthedreamworld 由空前的to可知这里填withdraw 78 profession s intention解析末段分别提到三个不同职业的人对阅读的不同期待 所以这里应该是 职业 或 意图 79 adapt解析本题对应倒数第二段中的 hepullshimselfintotheworldofsurroundingrealitytowhichhecanadapthimselfonlybyhardwork 且空前的and连接两个并列成分 前后形式应一致 因此这里用动词原形adapt 80 depends解析由短文末句可知个人的倾向导致两个类别的转换 换句话说后者取决于前者 这里用短语dependon 二 2014 江苏 theexpression everybody sdoingit isverymuchatthecenteroftheconceptofpeerpressure itisastronginfluenceofagroup especiallyofchildren onmembersofthatgrouptobehaveaseverybodyelsedoes itcanbepositiveornegative mostpeopleexperienceitinsomewayduringtheirlives peoplearesocialcreaturesbynature andsoitishardlysurprisingthatpartoftheirself respectcomesfromtheapprovalofothers thisinstinct 天性 iswhytheapprovalofpeers orthefearofdisapproval issuchapowerfulforceinmanypeople slives itisthesameinstinctthatdrivespeopletodressonewayathomeandanotherwayatwork ortoanswer fine whenastrangerasks howareyou evenifitisnotnecessarilytrue thereisapractical aspecttothis ithelpssocietytofunctionefficiently andencouragesagenerallevelofself disciplinethatsimplifiesday to dayinteraction forcertainindividuals seekingsocialacceptanceissoimportantthatitbecomeslikeanaddiction inordertosatisfythedesire theymaygosofarastoabandontheirsenseofrightandwrong teensandyoungadultsmayfeelforcedtousedrugs orjoingangsthatencouragecriminalbehavior mature adultsmaysometimesfeelpressuredtocoverupillegalactivityatthecompanywheretheywork orendupindebtbecausetheyareunabletoholdbackthedesiretobuyahouseorcarthattheycan taffordinaneffortto keepupwiththejoneses however peerpressureisnotalwaysnegative astudentwhosefriendsaregoodatacademicsmaybeurgedtostudyharderandgetgoodgrades playersonasportsteammay feeldriventoplayharderinordertohelptheteamwin thistypeofinfluencecanalsogetafriendoffdrugs ortohelpanadulttakeupagoodhabitordropabadone studygroupsandclassprojectsareexamplesofpositivepeergroupsthatencouragepeopletobetterthemselves schoolstrytoteachkidsaboutthedangersofnegativepeerpressure theyteachkidstostandupandbethemselves andencouragethemtopolitelydeclinetodothingsthattheybelievearewrong similarly itcanbehelpfultoencouragechildrentogreetthebeneficialinfluenceofpositivepeergroups 71 feeling解析由文章的首句 theexpression everybody sdoingit isverymuchatthecenteroftheconceptofpeerpressure 可知 同龄压力 的核心是 每个人都在做这件事 设空处是对peerpressure的解释 同龄压力指强烈的 即 你必须用和你同样年龄的其他人的方式做事情 由must可见语气的强烈 它表达的是一种强烈的情感 故填feeling 72 influences解析由首段的第二句 itisastronginfluenceofagroup 可知同龄压力是一种强烈的群体影响 influence 设空处需要填写动词 影响 和works一起构成并列谓语 73 practical解析由第二段中的最后一句 thereisapracticalaspecttothis 及本框格所包含的右边框格中的内容可以判断此处是说同龄压力对社会的实用功能 故应填 practical 74 unconsciously解析第二段说到人的天性促使人不由自主地做某些事 并且举例 陌生人说 howareyou 你自然会说 fine 即使有时候这并不是事实 所有这些都是 无意识的 故此处填unconsciously 75 individuals解析由第三段的首句 forcertainindividuals seekingsocialacceptanceissoimportant 以及下面的内容 可以判断此句为该段主题句 说的是同龄压力对个人的影响 故应填individuals 76 moral解析由第三段中的 inordertosatisfythedesire theymaygosofarastoabandontheirsenseofrightandwrong 可知为了满足愿望 他们可能会不分对错 也就是说缺乏道德感 77 spirit解析由倒数第二段的第三句 playersonasportsteammayfeeldriventoplayharderinordertohelptheteamwin 可知同龄压力的积极影响还包括团队精神 78 habits解析由倒数第二段中的 tohelpanadulttakeupagoodhabitordropabadone 可知这里是说养成好的习惯 79 independent解析由最后一段中的 theyteachkidstostandupandbethemselves 可知孩子们应该学会独立 即independent 80 no解析由最后一段中的 encouragethemtopolitelydeclinetodothingsthattheybelievearewrong 可知对于那些他们认为错的事情要礼貌地拒绝 即对那些错的或者不合法的事情说 不 三 2013 江苏 quietvirtue theconscientioustheeverydaysignsofconscientiousness 认真尽责 beingpunctual carefulindoingwork self disciplined andscrupulous 一丝不苟的 inattendingtoresponsibilities aretypicalcharacteristicsofthemodelorganizationalcitizen the peoplewhokeepthingsrunningastheyshould theyfollowtherules helpout andareconcernedaboutthepeopletheyworkwith it stheconscientiousworkerwhohelpsnewcomersorupdatespeoplewhoreturnafteranabsence whogetstoworkontimeandneverabusessickleaves whoalwaysgetsthingsdoneondeadline conscientiousnessisakeytosuccessinanyfield instudiesofjobperformance outstandingeffectivenessforalmostalljobs fromsemi skilledlabortosalesandmanagement dependsonconscientiousness itisparticularlyimportantforoutstandingperformanceinjobsatthelowerlevelsofanorganization thesecretarywhosemessagetakingisperfect thedeliverytruckdriverwhoisalwaysontime amongsalesrepresentativesforalargeamericancarmanufacturer thosewhoweremostconscientioushadthelargestvolumeofsales conscientiousnessalsooffersabuffer 缓冲 againstthethreatofjoblossintoday sconstantlychangingmarket becauseemployeeswiththisqualityareamongthemostvalued forthesalesrepresentatives theirlevelofconscientiousnessmatteredalmostasmuchastheirsalesindeterminingwhostayedon thereisanairaroundhighlyconscientiouspeoplethatmakesthemseemevenbetterthantheyactuallyare theirreputationfordependabilityinfluencesmanagers evaluationsoftheirwork givingthemhigherevaluationsthanobjectivemeasuresoftheirperformancewouldpredict butconscientiousnessintheabsenceofsocialskillscanleadtoproblems sinceconscientiouspeopledemandsomuchofthemselves theycanholdotherpeopletotheirownstandards andsobeoverlyjudgmentalwhenothersdon tshowthesamehighlevelsofmodelbehavior factoryworkersingreatbritainandtheunitedstateswhowereextremelyconscientious forexample tendedtocriticizeco workersevenaboutfailuresthat whenconscientiousnesstakestheformoflivinguptoexpectations itcandiscouragecreativity increativeprofessionslikeartoradvertising opennesstowildideasandspontaneity 自发性 arescarceandindemand successinsuchoccupationscallsforabalance however without seemedunimportanttothosetheycriticized whichdamagedtheirrelationships enoughconscientiousnesstofollowthrough peoplebecomemeredreamers withnothingtoshowfortheirimaginativeness 71 strict解析归纳总结题 第一段讲述了认真尽责的一些表现 beingpunctual carefulindoingwork self disciplined andscrupulous 一丝不苟的 inattendingtoresponsibilities守时 工作细心 自律 在承担责任方面一丝不苟 这些都说明认真尽责的人对自己要求很严格 72 helpful good解析信息转换题 第一段的 it stheconscientiousworkerwhohelpsnewcomersorupdatespeople 说明认真尽责的人对别人是有帮助的 helpful 或是有好处的 good 73 functions roles importance significance解析归纳总结题 文章的第二 三 四段讲述了认真尽责的好处和重要性 74 running working going operating functioning解析归纳总结题 由首段的 thepeoplewhokeepthingsrunningastheyshould 可知答案 75 performance s 解析直接信息题 由第二段的 instudiesofjobperformance outstandingeffectivenessforalmostalljobs 可知答案 76 fired dismissed jobless解析信息转换题 由第三段的 conscientiousnessalsooffersabuffer 缓冲 againstthethreatofjoblossintoday sconstantlychangingmarket 可知 认真尽责的人不容易失去工作 此处应转化为动词或形容词 这样便可得到答案 77 problems troubles解析直接信息题 由第五段的第一句 butconscientiousnessintheabsenceofsocialskillscanleadtoproblems 可知 这里讲的是认真尽责所产生的一些问题等 78 higher subjective unfair unjust prejudiced解析归纳总结题 由第四段的 givingthemhigherevaluationsthanobjectivemeasuresof 可知答案 79 tense damaged poor bad解析归纳总结题 由第五段的 overlyjudgmental tendedtocriticizeco workers 可知 他们对同事要求过严 容易批评同事 从而造成关系紧张 80 discourage affect damage解析直接信息题 由第六段的 itcandiscouragecreativity 可知答案 解题步骤与突破方法 一 任务型阅读的解题步骤1 略读 快速浏览全文 理清文章基本结构 了解文章的框架及每段大意 2 扫读 扫读图表 分析表格结构和内容 准确定位填空的要求 以便带着问题寻找答案 3 细读 深入理解文章内容 分析整合信息 准确表达 归纳概括 转换信息正确表述 4 复查 通观全篇 复读检查 二 复习中应注意培养解题能力1 培养词形转换能力 如 用所给词语的适当形式填空 1 thecarrusheddowntheroadatastonishingspeed astonish 2 thepostalservicehereisveryunreliable serve 3 theexamwasrelativelyeasy relative 常见的词性转换有 2 培养英语释义与概括能力 如 根据提示用意义相同的词完成各句 每空一词 1 theboyfeltuncomfortablewithhisnewclassmates notcomfortable 2 ifyouignoreyourdiet troublewillfollow paynoattentionto 3 atanyrate themedicalsupplieswillreachyouwithinaweek thingssuchasfood medicines etc thatareneededbyagroupofpeople 3 培养逆向思维能力 如 根据提示用意义相反的词完成各句 每空一词 1 iamunabletocycletoschoolbecausemybicycleisbroken able 2 therehasbeenasteadydecreaseinpopulationinthiscity increase 3 theroughroadmadethecarvibrate smooth 4 培养语篇结构解读能力 如 利用完形填空和阅读理解的文章 在阅读后 写出文章主题 段落大意 自己动手绘制语篇结构图 以增强语篇结构解读的能力 三 复习建议学生在做任务型阅读时常遇到的困难是 难以理解文章结构与图表 难以用适当的词或词的适当形式填空 不会概括 方法不当 信心不足等等 因此 在备考复习时要有的放矢地进行训练 特别要在以下几个方面注意积累经验 1 学会查读 1 带着问题有意识地在细节处和关键处做标记 2 留意最醒目的字眼 time age number place 3 依据信息词搜索所需要的内容 如 5w h who what when where why how 时间先后 first then afterthat next finally 因果 because thus leadto causedby asaresultof 比较 similarly differently like unlike but while however instead onthecontrary 2 学会组织 表述信息 1 用名词所有格代替of 如 thecitizens longerliving代替thelongerlivingofthecitizens 2 词性转换 如 原文 takingagapyearandgoingtouniversityoffervaluableexperienceinsimilarways 转