中考英语语法第6讲---被动语态

易学 生动 详细 中考英语语法 被动语态 教学目标 基础知识 一 什么是被动语态 英语中时态很多 但语态不多 只有两种 即 主动语态和被动语态 如果主语是动作的执行者 使用主动语态 如果主语是动作的承受者 则使用被动语态 1 定义 被动语态 即不知道动作执行者或强调动作承受者的一种语态 2 被动语态的构成 被字句 主语 be 动词过去分词 v ed bysb 我打他Ibeathim 打过了 他被我打 他打被我Hewasbeatenbyme 他喜欢她Helikesher 她喜欢被他Sheislikedbyhim am is are 被动语态的时态是由be动词的时态决定的 be动词是什么时态 全句就是什么时态 be动词后面的过去分词不变 学好被动语态的两个基础条件 一 每种时态的be动词形式 二 不规则动词 主动语态be的谓语形式总结 1 主 am is are 主 am is are being主 will be 主 hasbeen Heisaleader Heisbeinghere Hewillbealeader Hehasbeenaleader 主动语态be的谓语形式总结 2 主 was were 主 was were being主 would be 主 hadbeen Hewasaleader Hewasbeingherejustnow Hewouldbealeader Hehadbeenaleaderseveralyearsago 被动语态 主 be 过去分词 bysb 1 Heeatstheapple 2 Heatetheapple 3 Heiseatingtheapple 4 Hewaseatingtheapple 5 Hewilleattheapple 6 Hewouldeattheapple 7 Hehaseatentheapple 8 Hehadeatentheapple 1 Theappleiseatenbyhim 2 Theapplewaseatenbyhim 3 Theappleisbeingeatenbyhim 4 Theapplewasbeingeatenbyhim 5 Theapplewillbeeatenbyhim 6 Theapplewouldbeeatenbyhim 7 Theapplehasbeeneatenbyhim 8 Theapplehadbeeneatenbyhim 三 情态动词的被动语态 他儿子一定照顾这个人 Hissonmusttakecareoftheperson 这个人一定要由他儿子照顾 即这个人一定照顾由他儿子 Thepersonmustbetakencareofbyhisson 含有情态动词的句子变为被动语态时 在情态动词后面直接加上be动词即可 构成 主语 情态动词 can may must be 永远是原形 过去分词 bysb 1 Youmustdothisassoonaspossible 2 Icanuseit 3 Youshouldbuyadictionary 4 Sheoughttocleanherbedroom 5 Theyneedlookafterthelittlechild 6 Wecanchangewaterintoice 1 Thismustbedoneassoonaspossible byyou 2 Itcanbeused 3 Adictionaryshouldbebought byyou 4 Herbedroomoughttobecleaned 5 Thelittlechildneedbelookedafter bythem 6 Watercanbechangedintoice 提高知识 一 是不是所有的动词都有被动语态 1 所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中 这类动词或短语如 takeplace 发生 happen 发生 comeabout 发生 breakout 爆发 appear 出现 disappear 消失 last 持续 die end vi 结束 fail lie remain sit spread stand cometrue fallasleep keepsilence loseheart等 2 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语 Fit合适 have hold marry结婚 own拥有 wish cost值 notice注意 watchagreewith arriveat in shakehandswith succeedin成功 sufferfrom受苦 happento takepartin walkinto belongto属于 3 系动词无被动语态 appear bebecome fall feel get grow keep look remain seem smell sound stay taste turnItsoundsgood 听起来很好 Tellmeifyoufeelcold 你要是感到冷就告诉我 4 特殊结构 makesb heard understood 使别人能听见 理解自己 havesth done 要某人做某事 5 当breakout takeplace shutoff turnoff workout等动词表示 发生 关闭 制定 等意思时 Theplanworkedoutsuccessfully Thelampsonthewallturnoff 二 初中的不及物动词有哪些 不及物动词指的是后面不能跟宾语的动词 常见的不及物动词有 apologize道歉appear出现arrive到达come来go去run跑walk走die死fall掉落flow流淌happen发生rise升起stay停留sit坐lie躺stand站cry哭swim游泳 基础练习题 1 ThePeople sRepublicofChina onOctober1 1949 A foundB wasfoundedC isfoundedD wasfound 2 English inCanada A speaksB arespokenC isspeakingD isspoken 3 ThisEnglishsong bythegirlsafterclass A oftensingsB oftensangC isoftensangD isoftensung 4 Thiskindofcar inJapan A makesB madeC ismakingD ismade 5Newcomputers allovertheworld A isusedB areusingC areusedD haveused 6 Ourroommust clean A keepB bekeptC tobekeptD tokeep 7 Anewhouse atthecorneroftheroad A isbuildingB isbeingbuiltC beenbuiltD bebuilding 8 Thekey onthetablewhenIleave A wasleftB willbeleftC isleftD hasbeenleft 9 Hisnewbook nextmonth A willbepublishedB ispublishingC isbeingpublishedD hasbeenpublished 10 Theflowers often A mustbewaterB mustbewateredC mustwateredD mustwaterAnswers 1 5BDDDC6 10BBCAB 提高练习题 1 Theoldbridgeinmyhometown nextmonth A isgoingtoberebuiltB willrebuiltC aregoingtoberebuiltD aregoingtorebuilt2 Theplay atthetheatrenextSunday A isgoingtobeshownB willshownC willshowD isshown 3 Nowthesemagazines inthelibraryforalongtime A havekeptB arekeepingC havebeenkeepingD havebeenkept4 I dliketobuythatcoat I msorry A itsoldB it ssellingC It sbeensoldD ithadbeensold 5 Thesepapers yet A havenotwrittenB havenotbeenwrittenC hasnotwrittenD hasnotbeenwritten6 Thesportsmeet behelduntilnextweek A didn tB won tC isn tD doesn t7 Thebooksmay fortwoweeks A bekeptB beborrowedC keepD borrow 8 Thebrokenbike herebyMrSmith A canmendB canmendedC canbemendD canbemended9 Tea inthesouthofChina 多 A growsB isgrownC weregrownD willgrow10 Oldpeoplemust A lookafterwellB belookedwellafterC lookedwellafterD belookedafterwell 11 Newly bornbabies inhospital A aretakengoodcareB aretakengoodcareofC takegoodcareofD takegoodcare12 I fiveminutestodecidewhetherIshouldgoornot A amgivenB wasbeengivingC hadgivenD wasgiven13 Shewill goodcare A take ofB betaken ofC take foryouD betaken ofyou 14 Theteachermadehim hishomework A todoB doC didD done15 Thesechildren dance A wereseentoB wereseenforC wereseenD sawto16 Thebike 500yuan A wascostB costedC costD iscosted 17 Theimportantmeeting onacoldmorninglastyear A washadB washeldC heldD had18 Greatchanges inthepasttenyearsinChina A tookplacetoB havetakenplaceC weretakingplaceD hadtakenplace19 Youcan tusethecomputer it A wasbrokendownB iswrongC isbadD hasbrokendown 20 Themedicine inadryandcoolplace A keepB mustkeepC mustbekeptD mustbekeepAnwers 1 5AADCB6 10BADBD11 15BDBBA16 20CBDAC 三 被动语态与过去分词短语作后置定语 1 ThecatiscalledTom 被动语态 2 Thereisacat calledTom inthehouse 过去分词短语作后置定语 3例 HecalledthemancalledJohn 4例 Thedevelopedcountrieshavedevelopedover200years 四 被动语态不要与表示状态句型混淆 类型一Heisinterestedinthegame ThegameismadeinChina 类型二Thedoorisclosed ThedoorisclosedbyJohn 练习题 1 Somebody Jackphonedwhileyouwereout A tocallB callingC beingcalledD called2 Thesewalls stone A aremadeofB madeofC aremadeintoD madeinto3 Jane tosingusanAmericansonglastSaturday A calledB wasaskedC toldD wassaid 4 Thecoat hersister A madetoB weremadeforC wasmadeforD wasmadeto5 Pleasepassmeanothercup Thisone A isbrokenB isbreakingC brokeD broken6 Theboy ismyfriend A isnamedJohnB nameJohnC namedJohnD arenamedJohn 7 Thestorybooks bythewriterinthe1960s A arewrittenB werewrittenC arewritingD werewriting8 Thefirsttextbook forteachingEnglis