基于PLC变频恒压供水系统开题报告

In order to ensure normal teaching order, protecting students healthy growth, ensuring that national (property) is not lost, to prevent or minimize the occurrence of safety accidents, follow the prevent, rescue each other, ensure safety and reduce losses principle, according to the local conditions, make the management system. 1, the principal is the responsibility of school safety, school security under the leadership of President security work leading group. The head teacher to the leadership team is responsible for, implementation of the accountability system. 2, school monthly student knowledge about safety education, education should be diversified in the form every safety education for students of classes per week should be targeted. To carry on emergency issues dealing with education in General, self-help and mutual rescue knowledge. Emergency calls (such as 110, 119, 122, 120, and so on) use common sense in education. 3, the establishment of major accident reporting system. School students report major accident within an hour of education; student run and disappearances to report; report of the accident to a written report in triplicate, a correctional centre, a police station, a township peoples Government shall not conceal the accident. 4 week, teachers are on duty system, establish and improve the leadership values; strengthen the education, management of teaching activities in schools to ensure normal teaching order; responsible for school safety leadership always maintained close contact and district police stations, canvassing support from the police station on school safety and help. 5, strengthening teachers moral education, establish a dedicated love, improving education quality, observe the students psychological changes at any time and take preventive measures, no corporal punishment and covert corporal punishment on students, student out of the classroom, schools may not be. 6, units or departments use student Street propaganda or participate in the celebrations, as well as participating in other social work, without approval of the Correctional Centre, school principals consent, without organization. Without the approval of relevant departments, may organize students to participate in fire fighting, disaster relief and so on. 7, schools should educate students to obey the school rules and regulations, on time, on time home to prevent accidents. 8, school to school inspections on a regular basis, found hidden in time, and in severe cases, it is hard to eliminate immediately closed, and reported to the local peoples Government, education, and rule of law section. 9, the school should always check the internal walls, retaining walls, ponds, railings, handrails, doors, Windows, staircases and a variety of sports, extracurricular activities, facilities such as fire safety, infrastructure security, unsafe facility to immediately repair and demolition to ensure that teachers and students work, learn, live venues and facilities are safe and reliable. Song Lin Xiang Liu Jia ping elementary school March 2016 song Lin Xiang Liu Jia ping primary school fire safety systems to enhance fire safety, protection of public property and the life and property safety of teachers and students, school fire safety into day-to-day management, is developing the following fire safety system. 1, strengthen fire safety education of the whole school. According to the requirements of the Fire Services Act, so that everyone has of keeping fire control safety, protecting fire control facilities, fire prevention, reports of fire 南京师范大学毕业设计（论文）开题报告姓 名： 学 号： 学 院： 专 业： 专业方向： 题 目： 指导教师： 年 月 日开题报告填写要求1开题报告作为毕业设计（论文）答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的依据材料之一。此报告应在指导教师指导下，由学生在毕业设计（论文）工作前期内完成，经指导教师签署意见及院、系审查后生效；2开题报告内容必须用黑墨水笔工整书写或按教务处统一设计的电子文档标准格式（可从教务处网址上下载）打印，禁止打印在其它纸上后剪贴，完成后应及时交给指导教师签署意见；3有关年月日等日期的填写，应当按照国标GB/T 740894数据元和交换格式、信息交换、日期和时间表示法规定的要求，一律用阿拉伯数字书写。如“2009年2月26日”或“2009-02-26”。毕 业 设 计（论 文）开 题 报 告1本课题的目的及研究意义目的：通过对楼宇的给水和排水结构的分析，结合智能建筑的特点，设计一个用西门子PLC控制的变频恒压给水和污水排水系统。变频恒压给水系统用于保持供水压力的恒定，可使供水和用水之间保持平衡，即用水多时供水也多，用水少时供水也少，从而提高供水质量。通过对污水排水系统进行自动化控制，能够在更好地达到预期效果的同时，极大的降低成本。意义：任何建筑都需要进行给排水系统设计，这关系到建筑的安全性和舒适性。随着社会经济的迅速发展，水对人们的生活和工业生产越来越重要，人们对供水的安全性和可靠性的要求不断提高。因此把先进的自动化技术、控制技术等应用到楼宇给排水领域，成为对智能楼宇给排水系统的新要求。对楼宇给水系统而言供水压力与流量对用户的用水质量具有直接影响，因而对给水水压、流量的控制，直接影响到给水系统的供水质量。对楼宇排水系统而言，能否及时将污水排出是主要问题，因此对排水系统的实时监控和故障后迅速恢复的处理影响到排水系统的可靠性。而基于PLC可编程控制器的楼宇给排水系统，集电气技术、变频技术、自动化技术和现代控制技术于一体，实现给排水系统的集中管理与监控，高效运行同时具有节水节电的效果，对国家节能减排意义重大，在能源日益紧缺的今天显得十分重要。因此设计该系统对于节约水资源、降低能耗以及提高大众生活水平等方面具有重要的意义。2本课题的国内外的研究现状在我国，城市的生活生产用水主要来自由自来水公司的市政管网提供。然而自来水的给水压力通常只能达到0.35-0.4MPa，一般只能满足8层楼左右的用水需求，随着国家经济的发展，城市内的高层建筑的比例不断增加，自来水的给水压力已无法满足高层建筑的生活和消防给水的要求，只能依靠建筑内二次加压给水设备进行增压给水。目前国内外使用最普遍的自动化给水系统是变频调速恒压给水系统。近年来，随着变频调速技术的成熟、普及和应用，其产品已用来更新改造传统给水系统。变频调速系统实现了电机无级调速，根据水泵出口的压力情况自动调节水泵机组的转速，从而保持水压恒定，以满足人们对给水系统的要求。变频调速恒压给水系统无论是投资规模、运行的经济性、可靠性、稳定性和自动化程度等方面都优于传统的给水系统，而且还能有效的降低能耗。在变频恒压供水系统中，变频器仅作为执行机构，为了满足供水量大小需求不同时，保证管网压力恒定，需在变频器外部提供压力控制器和压力传感器，对压力进行闭环控制。目前国外的变频恒压供水系统成熟可靠，恒压自动控制技术先进。国外的恒压供水工程在设计时多采用一台变频器只带一台水泵机组的方式这种方式安全可靠，变频方式灵活，但投资成本较高。随着变频技术的发展和变频恒压供水系统的的优点被发现和认可后，国外许多生产变频器的厂家开始重视并推出具有恒压供水功能的变频器，将PID调节器和PLC可编程控制器等硬件集成在变频器控制基板上，通过设置指令代码实现PLC和PID等电控系统的功能，只要搭载配套的恒压供水单元，便可直接 构成多台电机(泵)的供水系统。这类设备虽微化了电路结构，降低了设备成本，但其输出接口的扩展功能缺乏灵活性，系统的动态性能和稳定性不高，因此在实际使用时其范围将会受到限制。近年来，国内有许多公司在从事变频恒压供水设备的研制和生产，大多采用国外的变频器控制水泵的转速，对于管网压力的闭环调节及多台水泵的循环控制，有的采用可编程控制器(PLC)及相应的软件予以实现，有的采用单片机及相应的软件予以实现恒压供水。多应用于小容量、控制要求较低的领域。国产变频器发展较快，成本低廉，已占领了相当部分小容量变频恒压供水市场。但在大功率大容量的变频器上，国产变频器有待于进一步的改进和完善。在系统的动态性能、稳定性能、抗扰性能以及开放性等多方面的综合技术指标来说，国内的变频恒压供水系统还尚没能达到国外成熟系统的标准。可以看出，目前在国内外变频调速恒压供水控制系统的研究设计中，对于能适应不同的场合，结合现代控制技术、网络和通讯技术同时兼顾系统的电磁兼容性(EMC)的变频恒压供水系统的水压闭环控制研究得不够。因此，变频恒压供水系统的性能有待于进一步的研究和改善。随着我国国民经济的迅速发展，能源紧缺问题愈加严重，因此应用变频调速技术来提高供水质量、降低能耗，在供水领域已是广泛的共识。变频恒压调速系统可依据用水量的变化自动调节系统的运行参数，保持水压恒定以满足用水要求。是目前先进、合理的节能型供水系统。在短短的几年内，变频调速恒压供水系统经历了一个逐步完善的发展过程，早期的单泵调速恒压供水系统逐渐被多泵系统取代，运行效率更高。变频调速恒压供水系统以其节能、安全、供水质量高等优点，使我国供水系统实现水泵电机的无级调速。将变频调速恒压供水系统用于消防，可以防止供水压力不足，不能及时扑救火灾，可能引起重大经济损失和人员伤亡。目前国内的变频调速恒压供水系统与消防供水多数都是两个单闭环恒压调速系统，为了既满足居民的生活用水，又要保证消防用水的安全可靠，出现了一个新的研究方向：变频调速全自动生活消防恒压供水系统。该系统不仅满足以上两点要求，还将原来的两个系统结合在一起，组成一个双闭环调速恒压供水系统。把先进的自动化技术、通讯技术等应用到供水领域而设计出的变频调速全自动生活消防恒压供水系统，高性能、低能耗、消防安全可靠，具有较大的经济和社会意义。毕 业 设 计（论 文）开 题 报 告3本课题的研究内容本设计是以电机（泵）为控制对象，采用PLC和变频技术相结合技术，设计一套楼宇给排水系统，包括一套变频恒压供水系统和一套污水排水系统。并引用计算机对给排水系统进行远程监控和管理保证整个系统运行可靠，安全节能，获得最佳的运行工况。 根据用户用水量的大小，通过恒压供水控制器对水泵的数量和转速的控制，从而使用户无论用水量的多少，管网中的水压始终能保持在设定范围内。该系统通过检测水管中的水压得到的数据，通过对变频器输出频率的控制来调节水泵电机的转速，使之形成一个闭环控制系统，可以令管网中的水压自动的保持在事先设定好的压力值范围内。当用户的用水量增加时，管网中的水压下降，恒压供水控制器通过加大变频器的输出频率，从而使水泵转速加快，供水量增多，如果一台水泵不能满足用户的供水量，那么则通过控制器加泵；当用户用水量减少时，管网中水压上升，控制器减小变频器输出频率，使水泵转速降低，供水量减少，如水泵转速降到最低还高出所需供水量，则关闭一台水泵。简单来说就是根据用户用水量的大小，通过恒压供水控制器对水泵的数量和转速的控制，从而使用户无论用水量的多少，管网中的水压始终能保持在设定范围内。既满足了用户供水量的要求，又不会是水泵空转，造成电能的浪费，同时避免了水箱造成的二次污染。PLC控制变频恒压供水系统主要有变频器、可编程控制器、压力变送器和现场的水泵机组一起组成一个完整的闭环调节系统。PLC根据管网压力自动控制各个水泵之间切换，并根据压力检测值和给定值之间偏差进行PID运算，输出给变频器控制其输出频率，调节流量，使供水管网压力恒定。各水泵切换遵循先起先停、先停先起原则。对于排水系统，则使用PLC监测污水泵的运行状态，手/自动状态和故障信号，故障时报警。根据污水池液位，实现污水泵的启停控制，并对超限水位进行报警，防止溢流。根据以上控制要求，进行系统总体控制方案设计。硬件设备选型、PLC选型，估算所需I/O点数，进行I/O模块选型，绘制系统硬件连接图：包括系统硬件配置图、I/O连接图，分配I/O点数，列出I/O分配表，熟练使用相关软件，设计梯形图控制程序，对程序进行调试和修改并用组态软件设计监控系统。4本课题的实行方案、进度及预期效果毕 业 设 计（论 文）开 题 报 告5、已查阅参考文献：指导教师意见 指导教师： 年 月 日院（系）审查意见 学院领导（公章）： 年 月 日编制本施工方案时，分析了本工程的工程特点，地质条件和设计要求，结合我公司其它工地施工经验及教训，本着创一流的质量Electricity lines, equipment inspections, found hidden in time for rectification, maintenance, and security. 9, do not use an open flame in the classroom, prohibit burning stove, lit candles, mosquito repellent, no smoking, and banning messy wiring. Without using any household appliances is not allowed. 10, live on campus faculty members, must lead by example, and educate families and children ready to fire. 11, household use of gas in schools, to master proper usage, pay attention to the leak-proof, explosion-proof, fireproof, closing valve after use to ensure security. 12, dining room must be qualified, and annual testing of pressure vessels, to regularly check, the canteen workers must be certified, strictly by operation operation, gas tank and stove safety distance of 1.5 meters, to prevent accidents. 13, the adverse consequences caused by ignoring fire safety regulations, will be punished, until investigated for legal responsibility. Song Lin Xiang Liu Jia ping elementary school March 2016 Xiang Liu Jia ping elementary school, pine slopes surrounding safety management system 1 teachers and students, the surrounding area of the school governance covers personal and food hygiene, cultural events and other aspects, integrated governance shall obtain wide support and full cooperation of the community. On the surrounding environment in schools should be closely monitored. 2, school work at the same time, should pay attention to the safety management of school environment, should take the initiative to contact the district police station, the village Committee, Correctional Centre, Township government, business management and other departments to do a good job management. 3, teacher on duty with the exception of inspections in schools, should also pay attention to environmental inspections near the campus, found that the jobless migrants from rural areas, for example, harassment of students and a variety of accidents, according to different situations reported school officials or the police station in a timely manner, to protect the safety of students. 4, every day before school, teachers remind students, pay attention to traffic safety. 5, should educate students to respect social ethics, and various regulations, maintaining public order, and fight the bad guys, and grasp the correct ways and means of maintaining and improving students self-care ability. 6, the establishment of emergency rescue teams of teachers in schools, on high alert and deployed. Song Lin Xiang Liu Jia ping elementary school March 2016 song Lin Xiang Liu Jia ping primary school teachers and students organizatio