M3U3语法主谓一致.doc

M3U3 grammar主谓一致主谓一致是指： 1）语法形式和意义上要一致，即单复数形式，意义上与谓语要一致。 2）就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语。一：当主语属于以下情况时，谓语要用单数形式：1） 当主语是单数名词或不可数名词时The city _ (found) in the 8th century BC.The food they offered on the plane _ (be) delicious.2） 表示金钱，时间，价格,距离，书名或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，谓语一般用单数。Three weeks _ (allow) for making the necessary preparations. Ten yuan_ (be) enough. Little Women _ (be) a great novel.3)动名词，不定式或从句充当主语时Travelling to Pompeii _ (be) exciting. That it keeps raining cats and dogs _ (worry) the tourists.4)many a+单数名词作主语，意义虽为“许多”，但谓语要用单数形式。Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。 5)more than one+单数名词作主语，谓语要用单数形式More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京。二：当主语属于以下情况时，谓语动词要用复数形式：1）主语是复数名词时Both cities _ (be) very wealthy, attracting people from all over the country.2)主语是由and 连接的两个或两个以上的词或词组时Contrary to what we had expected, the noodles and rice they served on the plane _ (be) quite delicious.注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。 The iron and steel industry_ (be) very important to our life. 钢铁工业对我们的生活非常重要。The League secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. is B. was C. are D. were 3）the+形容词，表示一类人，谓语动词用复数The poor are happy while the rich are upset.The old _here. (在这老人得到很好的照顾。)三：特殊情况1)当主语是all of/most of/some of/half of/a part of +名词或代词时，谓语动词的单复数形式与名词或代词保持一致。All of us _ (attend) the lecture about Pompeii.Most of the lecture _ (be) about how the ancient city was discovered.2)分数或百分数+of+名词作主语时，句中的谓语动词由后面的名词来决定：如果是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数;如果是复数名词或者表示复数意义的集体名词，谓语用复数。Eg Three fourths of the earths surface _ (be) water.Eg Sixty percent of the people _ (参加) the activity. 3）当主语是crowd, class, family, public, government和team等集合名词时，如果该集合名词表示一个组织或单位的概念，谓语动词用单数形式。如果该集合名词表示组织或单位里一些个体的概念，谓语动词用复数形式。His family _ (be) very large. His family_ (be) music lovers. 但集合名词people, police, cattle等在任何情况下都用复数形式。 _(be) there any police around? 周围有警察吗？4）当主语是news, physics, maths等一类词时，谓语动词用单数形式。当主语是goods, clothes, earnings(收入), remains, 和belongings（所有物） 等一类词时，谓语用复数形式。The latest news_ (be) that the Loulan Beauty is on exhibition in Shanghai.These remains_ (preserve) for research in the future.5）works(作品)， means(方法)， sheep, fish等名词单复数同形，要从上下文判断其具体意义来决定单复数。Every means _ (都试过了)6)定语从句中，在“one of +复数名词+定语从句”中，定语从句谓语用复数。在“the only/the one of+复数名词+定语从句”中，定语从句谓语用单数。John is one of the students who _to London. (去过伦敦)John is the only one of the students who _ to London. (去过伦敦)7）a number of +可数名词复数，表示“许多的”，谓语动词用复数。the number of +可数名词复数，表示“的数量”， 谓语动词用单数。The number of visitors to Frinley has now increased.The number of students in our class _41 我们班学生的数量是41人。 A number of students _ trees on the hill 许多学生在小山上植树。8)what 引导主语从句时，如果其含义是单数，谓语用单数。如果其含义是复数，谓语用复数。What I need _ (be) time. What we need _ (be) books.四：主谓一致中的就近原则 当用eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, 和notbut连接句子主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式和与其最近的主语的单复数形式保持一致。Either the team leader or the guides _ the students. (正在照顾)Either the guides or the team leader _ the students. (正在照顾)注：一般疑问句谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致。 _ (be) he or I going there? 五：主谓一致中的就远原则 当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。 The teacher together with some students_ (visit)the factory. 老师和学生一起正在参观工厂。He as well as I _ to go boating. 他和我都想去划船。巩固练习1. A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered2. The police _ determined to bring back the missing boy when his family _ almost given up all hope. A. is, has B. are, have C. are, has D. is, have3. I have finished a large part of the book; the rest _ more difficult. A. is B. are C. was D. were4. Ten minutes _ an hour when one is waiting for an important call.A. seemsB. seemC. likeD. feels 5. Its not you but Mr. Anderson who _ to answer for the incident.A. are B. were C. is D. was 6. -Mike, what did your monitor say just now? - Every boy and every girl as well as teachers who _ to visit the museum _ asked to be at the school gat before 6:30. A. is; isB. are; areC. is; areD. are; is7. My driving license, rather than my credit cards, _lost. A. have B. are C. is D. has 8. That they were wrong in these matters _ now clear to us all. A. is B. was C. are D. were9. The wounded _ sent to the hospital at once.A. were B. are C. is D. was10. A number of students _ for an outing. The number of them _ fifty. A. have gone; areB. has gone; isC. has gone; areD. have gone; is11. When and where to build the subway _ yet.A. are not decidedB. have not been decidedC. is not being decidedD. has not been decided12. This is one of the best novels that _appeared this year. A. have been B. has C. had been D. have13. A large quantity of information, as well as some timely help _ since the organization was built. A. has offeredB. had been offeredC. have been offered D. is offered14. It _I who _leaving for London. A. isis B. amis C. isam D. amam15. Each of the students in our class _ great interest in English and they each _ a copy of New Concept English.A. shows; have B. have; hasC. is; haveD. takes; has16. Not only politics but also English is important. In other word, _ is important. A. English, as well as politics B. politics as well as EnglishC. both politics and English D. politics as well as the English17. About one third of the people in Beijing and Shanghai _ netizens, but in poorer areas, only three or four percent _ online. A. is; isB. are; areC. are; isD. is; are18. He said that the twelfth and last lesson _ rather difficult. A. were B. was C. will be D. are19. No one in the department but Tom and I _ that the director is going to resign.A. knows B. know C. have known D. am to know20. She has set a new record, that is, the sales(销售量) of her latest book _ 50 million.A. have reached B. has reached C. are reaching D. had reached21. The following _ some other mental diseases. A. being B. are C. was D. were22. Not only you but also I _ able to help him out. A. are B. is C. am D. were23. “The Kites” _ us a story of the kites history.A. have told B. tells C. were told D. was told24. A teacher of English and class teacher _ us something about volunteer workers.A. are telling B. is telling C. are given D. were given25. Many a student _ something about Abraham Lincoln.A. have known B. knows C. is known D. are known26.You as well as he _ to blame(责备) for the accident（交通事故）.A. are B. is C. have D. has27. In the city the old _. A. take good care of B. are taken good care of C. is taken good care of D. are been taken good care of 28. Each of you _ responsible for the accident. A. am B. be C. is D. are29.Each man and woman _ the same rights.A .has B. have C. had D. is having30.Every means _ tried but without much result. A. has been B. have been C. are D is31.Neither Tom nor his parents _ at home. A. is B. are C. has D was32. “_ twenty dollars a big sum to her?” “I suppose so.”A. Will be B. Is C. Are D. Were33. Many a student _ the importance of learning a foreign language.A. have realized B. has realize C. have been realized D. has been realized34. The public _ generous in their contributions to the earthquake victims.A. is B. was C. are D. has been35. Cattle _ on the hillside.A. grazes B. is grazing C. was grazing D. were grazing36.Her politics _ neither conservative nor liberal.A. is B. are C. was D. has been37.Mary is one of the girls who _ always on time.A. is B. am C. are D. was38. _ is to attend our evening.A. both the singer and the dancer B. Either the singer or dancers C. The singer or dancers D. The singer and dancer39. Four-fifths of the crop _.A. are ruined B. was ruined C. were ruined D. have been ruined40. Getting to other planets or to the moon _ many problems.A. involve B. involves C. involving D. to involve 41. Tom is the only one of the stall members who _ to be promoted.A. is going B. are going C. has been going D. have been going42. Whisky and soda _his favorite drink.A. is B. are C. were D. have been宾补单选：1. -Theres a hole in your bag. - I know, Im going to have it _.A. mend B. mending C. mended D. to be mended2. I found the door _ when I got home. A. opened B. close C. unlocking D. open3. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _.A. not to B. not to do C. not do D. do not to4. With a lot of difficult problems_, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled5A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _in the kitchen.A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked6. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English _ as much as we can.A. speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak7. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues with her stories. A. amused B. amusing C. to amuse D. to be amused8. Alexander tried to get his work _in the medical circles. A. to recognize B. recognizing C. recognize D. recognized 9. Listen! Do you hear someone for help? (湖南)A. calling B. call C. to call D. called10. Helen had to shout _ due to the rainstorm.A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard11. The accident is believed _ by the thick darkness and the snow on the road.A. to be causing B. being caused C. to be caused D. to have caused12. _ house price up by 200%, ordinary people cannot afford . A. As B. For C. With D. Through13. The court hears about 120 cases a year; visitors are welcome to see