大学英语四级听力技巧2.doc

征服大学英语四级听力(一)存在问题听不懂。这恐怕是考生最大的问题了，很难说听懂了做不对的，虽然有，但是毕竟属于少数。为什么会存在这个问题呢？关键是输入信息的准确性和语速不对，造成理解有误。所谓信息准确性有误是指，学生听到的信息和原文读到的信息不属于同一信息。比如：把flour面粉误听为flower花；把wonder惊讶误听为wander漫步等等；其次，所谓语速是指考生由于输入信息以后，还要经过一个汉语转译的过程，导致跟不上听力考试的节奏。还有一个问题就是，英语由于在没有表达完一个完整的内容之前，是不会停顿的。而汉语多需要停顿缓歇。由于这一习惯导致考生没有听完整，自己便先停下来，致使后面的信息漏听，从而对听力内容理解不完整。特别是放到长对话中，自然听不懂得就越多，因此这部分考生往往失分较多。(二)解决办法进行听写练习。考生可以用复读机来听写历年真题。放一句然后按一下复读键，考生随即拿纸和笔进行听写练习。直到听写完整之后再按键进行下一句的听写练习。这样，最后把一年的听力真题听写下来之后，可以用彩色笔对照听力真题答案，把漏听、错听得都标记出来，在对照原文辨认。准确无误后，合上书本，可以再听写一遍。这样反复几次，你的听力就会提高很快。这个工作一开始很费时间，没有1-2个小时是拿不下来的。但是只要坚持不懈，一个月你的听力水平绝对会突飞猛进。在这个过程中，考生还要做好以下工作。第一，不停地磨耳朵，主要听真题；第二，整理总结听力常考词汇与句式；注意事项：保持良好的心态，头脑要冷静，一个题听不懂不要过多纠缠。善于利用时间：题与题之间的5秒间隔利用好阅读选项，猜测谈话话题和可能问的问题：听前从所给的答案选项等线索中发现一些背景信息，力求缩小谈话者的话题，它能帮助考生搞清所听内容的类型和结构甚至主题。考生听的时候可避免过分注重每个单词从而影响对全篇中心思想的理解。考生应抢时间阅读试卷上的选项，争取主动，以便在听音时有针对性。根据选项猜测问的是时间、地点、人物、金钱、还是计划、打算、状态等等。如：A. The professor spoke too fast.B. The professor spoke with a strong accent.C. The professors lecture notes were too complicated.D. The professors presentation was not convincing enoughW: The presentation made by Professor Jackson was too complicated to understand.M: Well, I think he didnt speak slowly enough for us to take notes.Q: Whats the mans complaint?阅读选项要一目十行，提高效率：听力不像阅读，它是单向性的、一次性的。时间有限，提高阅读选项的速度。如：A. She read it slowly.B. She read it selectively.C. She finished it at a stretch.D. She went over it chapter by chapter.M: Have you finished reading the book you bought last month?W: Oh, I didnt read it straight through the way you read a novel, I just covered a few chapters that interested me most.Q: How did the woman read the book?手耳并用，简单做笔记：录音中的细节，如重要的数字、人物、地名等，仅大脑记忆很难完全记住。因此，考试中可以有目地的、有选择的加以记录，以便听完录音后能快速准确的选出答案。多做真题。十多年来的每年两度的四级考试，光是真题就积累了几十套了。这些真题的命题还是很有规律可循的。要找四级的感觉，就得多做真题。听力测试形式简短对话的形式：一般是男士说一句，女士说一句，然后根据他们的对话内容由第三方提出一个问题。该部分一般是日常生活中的对话，即衣、食、住、行、工作、学习、生活等话题，场景可分为校园、公共场所（银行、机场、医院等）、家庭、办公室等。每题1分。简短对话的类型：按照简短对话的内容或句型，我们可以把该部分分为以下类型：问对话发生的地点和场所：Where does the conversation most probably take place?Where does this conversation most likely occur?Where are the two speakers?不同的场景下人们交谈用语也不同，例如：校园：campus, dorm, library (renew the books, overdue, pay a fine, bookshelf), lab, canteen, roommate, professor, semester, term, pass, fail, exam, course, credit, resume，tutor, graduate, presentation, speech, report, lecture, paper, scholarship等。银行：open an account, cash the check, buy travelers check, ATM, draw/deposit money, balance, savings等。餐馆：menu, a table for two, a table in the corner/by the window, full, on diet, treat, order, course, salad, wine, dessert，waiter, reserve, take order等。机场：board, flight, gate number, check in, boarding pass, seat-belt等。交通：due to arrive, fast train, non-stop train, xx minutes late, postpone, delay, break down, traffic jam, flat tire, speeding, pay a fine等。医院：Do you have an appointment?Whats the matter with you?take ones temperature, have a fever, have a sore throat, keep coughing, toothache, headache, physician, surgeon, doctor, nurse, operation-room, emergency room, ward, visiting hours, prescribe, pill, capsule等。邮局：business hours, parcel, postage, letter, stamp等。家庭：darling, sweet heart之类的比较亲近的称谓语，watch TV, fix the washing machine, grocery, mow the lawn, sofa, kitchen, dining-room, have a bath等。旅馆：check in/out, make a reservation, register, reception desk等。 找房子：价格高，太吵，难找这样的问题的答案选项一般是由介词in或at后面加一个地点构成的。如：M: How many hours are you taking this semester?W: Eighteen, plus two hours of lab.Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?A. In a restaurant. B. In a bank.C. At an office. D. In a university.该题的关键词是semester和lab.提问人物关系或人物的身份：此类对话提供一个情节，能反映所涉及的人的关系或身份，关键词可以参考第1点中列出的。（1） 问人物的关系:Whats the probable relationship between the two speakers?如：M: Good evening, Madam. There is a table for two over there. This way, please.W: Thank you. Could I see the menu, please?Q: Whats the relationship between the man and woman?A. Husband and wife. B. Waiter and customer. C. Salesman and customer. D. Host and guest.该题的关键词是menu和Madam.（2） 问人物的职业身份：Who is the man/the woman?如：M: According to your ad in this mornings paper, you have an apartment for rent.W: Yes, I have. Its on the second floor. Would you like to have a look? Come this way, please.Q: Who is the woman?A. A bank clerk. B. A secretary.C. A landlady. D. A doctor.该题的关键词是an apartment for rent和ad.计算类。一般涉及时间和价钱的运算。（1）问活动发生的时间或具体几点。该类的题一般不会直接告诉我们时间，会涉及到时间的一些简单的加减运算。要注意一些关键词，如：a quarter (to/past), half (past), daily, weekly, fortnight等。W: Bob, are you going straight home after school today?M: No. I have a class until one oclock, and after that Im going to spend a couple of hours at the library before going home.Q: When is Bob going home this afternoon?A. Around 5:00. B. Around 3:00.C. At 2:00. D. At 1:00.本题的关键是until one oclock，和to spend a couple of hours at the library before going home。（2） 商品的价格。该类的题也涉及到一些简单的加减乘除运算。要注意一些关键词，如：10% off, discount, double, half the price, couple, pair, dozen, a real bargain, on sale，change等。尤其要注意单件商品的价格，买多件商品是否优惠，找零，以及最后的问题是说话人要付的钱、单件商品的价格、还是买若干商品需要付的钱。如：W: Heres a ten-dollar bill. Give me two tickets for tonights show, please.M: Sure. Two tickets and heres a dollar forty cents change.Q: How much does one ticket cost?A. $ 8.60. B. $ 4.30C. $ 6.40. D. $ 1.40本题的关键是ten-dollar bill, two tickets, a dollar forty cents change.4人物的计划或打算。 这类问题中第一个说话人往往会提出一种观点或提议或建议，要仔细听第二个说话人是同意还是反对。（1） 第二个说话人同意第一个人的观点或提议或建议如：W：You need a rest. Youve finished your exams. So why dont you go away somewhere for a long weekend?M: Thats a good idea. Perhaps Monica will come with me.Q: What will the man probably do?A. To have a good rest. B. To see Monica. C. To go abroad for the weekend. D. To take an exam.本题的关键是Thats a good idea，说明第二个说话人同意第一个说话人的观点。（2）第二个说话人不同意第一个人的观点或提议或建议，大多数情况下是礼貌委婉地表达自己的不同意见，所以要特别注意如：M: Mary, would you like to go to the movies with me after dinner?W: Well, Ill go if you really want me to, but Im rather tired.Q：What can we learn from the conversation?A. The woman does not want to go to the movies. B. The man is too tired to go to the movies.C. The woman wants to go to the movies.D. The man wants to go out for dinner.本题的关键是but 5.人物的感觉状态。除了根据说话人的语气判断之外，对话中出现的关键词可能有：excited, disappointed, overjoyed, relieved, upset, unhappy, blue, depressed, relaxed, anxious, tense, worried，angry等。如：W: Werent you nervous when the professor called on you in class?M: Id say I was shaking all over.Q: How did the man feel when he was called on?A. Worried and frightened. B. Very relaxed C. Quite unhappy. D. Angry with the professor.本题的关键是I was shaking all over.6交通或交通工具。该类的对话一般涉及交通工具晚点或交通出现了某些问题。对于交通工具晚点的问题，有时会谈论正点时间和推延的时间，然后再说原因。这类题的关键词是：be caught in a traffic jam, the rush hour, flat tire, break down, traffic accident, behind schedule, due等。如：W: Im sorry, sir. The train is somewhat behind schedule. Take a seat, and Ill tell you as soon as we know something definite.M: Thank you. Ill just sit here and read a magazine in the meantime.Q: What can we conclude about the train from the conversation?A. The train is crowded. B. The train is late. C. The train is empty. D. The train is on time.本题的关键是behind schedule.7请求或建议。表示请求的句型一般有：Can you? Would you? Would you mind ? 表示建议的句型一般有：If I were you, Id Shall we? Why not? Perhaps we should. It would be better ifHow about ?如：M: Can I use your new car, Auntie? W: Yes, of course, if you drive it carefully.Q: Whats the aunts answer?A. She agrees to lend him the car. B. She offers him the car.C. She refused to lend him the car. D. She is pleased to lend him the car.本题的关键是Yes, of course,虽然后面又附加了条件if you drive it carefully.8释义、替换或上下义。该类对话的选项中会用单词替换或解释对话人表达的意思，同时考查听力和词汇。如：W: Have you finished reading my research report? I put it on your desk last week.M: Yes, but you have to revise some parts of it, if you want to get it published.Q: What does the man suggest that the woman should do?A. Put her report on his desk. B. Read some papers he recommended.C. Mail her report to the publisher.D. Improve some parts of her paper.本题的关键是理解revise的同义词是improve.M: Nancy, why were you late today?W: I overslept and missed the bus.Q: Why was Nancy late?A. She got up later than usual. B. The bus was late.C. She forgot she had class. D. Her clock was slow.overslept也就是got up later than usual。有些题尽管问题可能问的是含义之类，但其实考查的是同学们对上下义关系的掌握。如：M: Let me see. Ive printed my family name, first name, date of birth and address. Anything else?W: No, thats all right. Well fill in the rest of it if you just sign your name at the bottom.Q: What has the man been doing?A. Having an interview. B. Filling out a form. C. Talking with a friend. D. Asking for information.上义词为概括性词语，下义词所表示的则是具体的东西。本题中能够概括男士所做之事的应该是选项B。9. 人物对某件事物的观点或态度，或考生从对话中能获得什么信息或结论。该类的题难度较大，类型也比较繁多复杂。需要考生全面理解对话内容。What does the man mean (imply) ? What does the womans answer suggest?What can we learn from the conversation?What can be concluded from this conversation?如：W: You seem to have a lot of work to do at your office. Youre always staying late and working overtime.M: Thats true. But its no bother to me. The work is interesting. I dont mind working extra hours at all.Q: How does the man feel about his job?A: He enjoys it very much. B: He doesnt care much about it.C: He doesnt mind even though its tedious.D. He hates working overtime.本题的关键是The work is interesting.询问对方的观点和态度问题中有一大类是含有虚拟语气的。该类型一直是英语四级热门考点。这就要求同学们了解虚拟语气的表意功能，根据虚拟语气判断正确选项。如：W: Im thinking of going to Austin for a visit. Do you think its worth seeing?M: Well, I wish I had been there.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?A. The man is planning a trip to Austin.B. The man has not been to Austin before.C. The man doesnt like Austin. D. The man has been to Austin before.I wish I had been there.说明说话人没有去过。含but的题型该题型中第二人的答话由两部分组成,先是一个简单的短句,后是一个较长的句子,短句和长句之间用but连接.but后的长句是答案的关键.W: I thought the librarian said we could check out as many books as we need without a library card. M: Thats right, but not those reference books.Q: What does the man mean?A. Students with a library card can check any book out.B. Reference books are not allowed to be checked out.C. Only students with a library card can check out reference books.The number of books a student can check out is unlimited.含条件关系的题型条件句包括真实条件句和虚拟条件句.考生要注意判断所给条件为真实条件句还是虚拟条件句,找出句子的正确时态.如：W: Did you win the game?M: If only our team had scored one more point!Q: What does the man mean?A. Its too bad we didnt score another point.B. Our team is the best one by far.C. We won a very close game. D Their team didnt get a single point.条件句型由if only引导，后面跟的是虚拟语气，意思是要是我们多得一分就好了！由此我们判断事实情况与此相反。W: If I buy some plants for the house, will you water them for me while I am away?M: Sure, I will, if you water mine while Im on vacations.Q: What will the man do for the woman?A. Clear her house while she is away.B. Buy some plants and take care of them.C. Water her plants while she is away.D. Water her plants while he is not at work.条件句型由if引导，后面跟的是陈述语气，所以男士实际上是答应了女士的请求。含有反问句或设问句的题型 对话中经常会用到反问句或设问句，该类题比较含蓄，所以，不仅要理解对话的表层意义，还需体会言外之意。明确要求听懂言外之间的典型问题是：What does the man/woman mean/suggest?外语教育网版权所有 A)She agrees with the manB)They should ask the typist about it .C)The typist is very good .D)The typist is not good .对话原文为：M：I think we should replace the old typewriterW: Why not the typist?Q: What does the woman mean ? 男士认为应该更换那台旧打字机，而女士却反问：为什么不更换打字员？其言外之意是，问题不在打字机，而是打字员不好，故应选D)。六 表示同意与肯定的常用语(*表示跟表面意思相反的、需要特别注意的表达方法)1同意或肯定对方陈述的观点如：Tony is very hard-working.表示同意的常用语就有：(1) With no doubt.(2) There is no denying.(3) * I cant agree more.2. 对询问观点的句子的肯定回答如： How was the concert?表示肯定的常用语就有：外语教育网版权所有 (1) Not bad.(2) It was terrific!(3) It was amazing!(4) It was fantastic!(5)* Ive never been to a better one.3同意帮助对方如：Can you help me with the math problem?(1) No problem.(2) You can count on me.(3) Its a piece of cake.(4) Sure.4. 同意对方的提议如：Shall we go to the seaside for the weekend?（1）* Why not?（2）* I really cant wait.（3）Thats what I have in mind.七表示怀疑与否定的常用语(*表示跟表面意思相反的、需要特别注意的表达方法)外语教育网版权所有 1怀疑与否定对方陈述的观点如：Tony is very hard-working.表示否定的常用语就有：(1) Are you kidding? (2) I know you dont mean it. (3) He is by no means hard-working.(4) He is anything but hard-working.(5) * He is