Howdoyoustudyforatest.docx

How do you study for a test?教学目标1.谈论如何学习英语。(talk about how to study English)2.学习用 “动词+ by + doing”表示 “方式、方法。”(by doing)3.复习现在完成时。(have/has + done)4.复习提建议的方法。(What about? Why dont you?)5.学习一些重点词组。(key phrases)单元内容概述 一.单词。 1.名词类:pronunciation,voice,skill,grammar,comma,challenge,sentence,learner,speaker,solution,secret,term, service, status, symbol, expert, tune, 2.动词类:memorize, frustrate, add, pronounce, complete, ring, impress, 3.形容词类:specific,frustrating,excited,spoken,native,mobile,ashamed,old-fashioned,outdated,fashionable, latest, embarrassed, main这些词都是四会词汇,所谓四会词汇就是:一会读音、二会拼写、三会意思、四会用法。e.g. excitedget excited adout对感到很兴奋4.副词类:aloud, differently, quickly, slowly, fast, actually, easily,重点词组(Key Phrases)二.词组1.not at all 一点也不 2.end up(doing) sth 结束做某事3.make mistakes 犯错 4.later on 后来5.be afraid to do 害怕做某事 6.laugh at 嘲笑(某人)7.take notes 作笔记 8.enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事9.make up 组成 10.mobile phone移动电话,手机11.on ones way to在某人去某地的路上 12. be shamed of因感到惭愧13.behind the times过时的,老式的14. turn off 关掉(电视、收音机、电灯等)15.worst of all最糟糕的是 16.fit in with sb 与某人相处融洽17.native speaker 说本族语的人 18.begin with 以开头19.the best way to do做某事最好的办法 20.write down 写下,记下21.once more又一次,再一次 22. first of all 首先23.give up 放弃 24.think about 考虑25.at the time 当时 26.make sb do sth 使某人做某事27.send fast / short messages 发快/短信 28.status symbol 身份的象征29.spend on sth在花费(时间,金钱) 30.if or not 是否31. be with sb 与某人在一起 32.get excited about 对感到激动三.句型1.How do you study for tests? Well, I study (by working) with my classmates.2.(Have) you ever (studied) with a group? Yes, I have. I(ve learned) a lot that way.3.I dont have a partner to practice English with. May be you (should join) an English club.4.(What about) reading aloud to practice pronunciation?5.(Why dont) you join an English language club?后面的3、4、5句都是表示提建议的方法。重、难点讲解一.重点词汇1.voice n.说话声;声音(the sound that are made when people speak or sing)e.g. He spoke in a quite (loud / angry / kind) voice. 他悄声/大声/生气/友好地讲话。The little girl has a very sweet voice.那个小女孩声音甜美。We could hear the childrens voice in the garden.我们能够听见花园里孩子们的说话声。Hes got a good voice; he sings well.他嗓音好,歌唱得好。注意:voice ;sound 与 noise 的区别:(1)sound“声音; 响声”指各种各样的声响。(可数名词)例如:While I worked in my room, I heard a strange sound in my house.当我在房间里工作的时候,我听见房间里有一种奇怪的声音。When she woke, her ear caught the sound of knocking.她醒来时听到了敲门声。There was a sound on footsteps on the staircase outside.外面楼道上有脚步声。(2) noise 声音(可数,不可数)Dont make so much noise! 别吵!The noise of traffic kept him awake.车辆的嘈杂声使我怎么也睡不着。We could not hear them because of the noise from the factory.因为工厂的噪音,我们听不见他们在说什么。voice人说话声;声音sound声音; 响声,各种各样的声响。(可数名词)noise声音(尤指噪音)(可数,不可数)2.frustrate v.使失望;使沮丧;使厌烦e.g. He hoped to set a new record, but(was frustrated)by bad weather.他本希望能创造新记录,但因天气恶劣而未果。The bad weather (frustrated) all our hopes of going out.恶劣的天气使我们外出的希望落空。Marry (was frustrated by) the failure of the English examination.英语考试未及格使玛丽很失望。frustrate使失望;使沮丧;使厌烦frustrated、frustrating是相应的形容词。frustrating adj 令人沮丧的;令人失望的(通常修饰事物)All this is rather(frustrating).所有的这一切都很令人失望。I found it(frustrating)that I cant speak other language.我不会说别的语言,感到惘然若失。frustrated a.感到灰心的,感到沮丧的 (通常修饰人)e.g. I felt frustrated at that time. 那时我觉得很沮丧。frustrated感到灰心的,感到沮丧的(通常修饰人)frustrating令人沮丧的;令人失望的(通常修饰事物)类似的还有:interesting令人感兴趣的 interested 感兴趣的disappointing令人失望的 disappointed 感到失望的boring 无聊的 bored 感到无聊的exciting令人兴奋的 excited 感到兴奋的worrying 令人担心的 worried担心的;着急的surprising 令人吃惊的 surprised惊奇的;惊讶的;诧异的mbarrassing 令人困窘的 embarrassed窘的;尴尬的;局促不安的3.impress v.使感动;给深刻印象;使印象深刻e.g. The visit to Shanghai(impressed)me a lot.上海之行给我留下了深刻印象。My father impressed on me the(importance)of hard work.我父亲使我铭记勤勉的重要。4.by 的用法by是介词,表示通过方法或途径的意思,译成“靠,通过”,后面可加名词或名词短语。e.g.The house was destroyed(by fire).房屋被火烧毁了。travel(by air /land/sea).航空(陆路,航海)旅行go(by train /boat/ bus)乘火车(船,公共汽车)去shake sb.(by the hand)和某人握手I study English(by watching English movies).我通过看英文电影学英语。by后面加名词如:by fire、by air、by sea、by train、by bus或名词短语by the hand或动名词by watching另外,by作为介词的意义有很多,我们也已经学过一些用法,总结如下:(1)在旁边,靠近 e.g.There is a power station by the river.河边有一个电厂。(2)沿着,经由 e.g. come by the highway 由公路来(3)由于 e.g. by mistake 由于差错(4)被,由 e.g. some articles written by Lu Xun. 一些由鲁迅写的文章(5)表示面积 e.g. a room 5m by 4m一间长五米、宽四米的房间(6) 逐批 e.g. one by one 一个接一个5.end up (doing sth) 终止(做某事),结束(做某事)end up后面接动名词短语,相当于finish doing sth finish doing sth表示结束做某事,事情已完成e.g. When we practice speaking English,we often end up speaking in Chinese.要注意它与stop doing sth 的区别:stop doing sth指停止做某事,有可能是暂时的,不久还会继续下去。e.g.We had to stop singing because somebody knocked at the door因为有人敲门,我们不得不停止唱歌。另外,end up with以而告终,后面加名词或动名词e.g. The party ended up with her singing. 晚会以她的歌唱而告终。6.fit in(with).(和)相处融洽; 使适应;(与)一致e.g.The picture doesnt(fit)in here. 那幅画不适合挂这儿。He doesnt(fit in)with their other friends.他和其他的朋友相处得不好。We must(fit in)our plan with yours.我们必须使我们的计划和你们的一致。Your ideas(fit in with)mine.你的想法和我的一致。The house(fits in)beautifully(with)its surroundings.这房子和周围的环境十分谐调。7.get excited 变得兴奋get是系动词,get+ adj./过去分词, 有“(逐渐)变得”的含义e.g. get mad 生气get annoyed生气; 恼火get lost 迷路get interested变得感兴趣get worried 担心get married结婚这些都是get加上形容词或加上过去分词,以过去分词形式的形容词。get tired变得疲劳get old变老get clear 变得清晰了get amazed 变得异常惊讶The long journey got the children all tired.长途旅行使得孩子们疲惫不堪注意get加上adj或以过去分词出现的形容词的含义。二.重点句型1.He thinks(studying grammar)is a great way to learn a language.他认为学习语法是一种学习语言的极好的方法。studying grammar在这个句子当中是充当is a great way to learn a language的逻辑主语。动名词即动词V-ing形式,相当于名词。在句子中可做主语,宾语,表语等。(e.g.)I think that(doing lots of listening practice)is one of the secrets of learning.doing lots of listening practice 是动名词短语,作从句中的主语。listening做定语,修饰 practice在宾语从句中doing lots of listening practice是主语,listening修饰 practice。(2)I am enjoying(learning English).(动名词短语做宾语)(3)(Seeing)is(believing).眼见为实。(seeing做主语,believing做表语)2.I dont have a partner to(practice)English(with).我没有一个可以一起操练英语的搭档。在英语中,很多介词放在句末时,都不可以省略,否则,句子结构不完整。又如:I dont have a partner to practice English(with)这个with不能省,则句子结构不完整。e.g.I dont have a friend to talk(with).句中with不能省。I dont have a friend to tal kwith.我没有朋友可以聊天，可以交谈。I want to find a room to live(in).我想找间房子住。这里的in不能省掉。This is just the book Im looking(for).这正是我找的那书本。同样的for不能省掉。所以大家要注意介词是不能随便省略的。二.语法1.如何提建议提建议的有以下种种:(What about)listening to cassettes?(What about?)You(should)read English aloud. (You should)Listening(can)help you. (can)(Why dont you)join an English language club to practice speaking.(Why dont you?)(Would you mind)remembering new words by flashcards?( Would you mind?)(Please try to)talk with your friends in English as much as possible.(Please try to)(Why not)go out with English-speaking friends. (Why not )(Youd better)practice English every day.(Youd better)常见的提建议的方法有:What about do sth?、Why not do sth、Why dont you do sth?、Youd better do sth、Would you mind do sth?2.By + V-ing 表示“方式、方法”eg.He makes a living by fishing.他靠打鱼为生。I improved my English by listening to pop songs.我通过听流行歌曲而提高我们的英语。主意下面表示学习英语方法的目标句型:How do you study English?I study English by listening cassettes.by studying with a group.by watching English programs on TV.by enjoying English songs.by taking part in English classes after school.by getting an English tutor.by reading English magazines and newspaper.by surfing the Internet.by making flashcards.by reading the textbook.by asking the teacher for help.by making vocabulary lists.by taking notes carefully.by having the English class carefully.by finishing my homework seriously.Unit 1 I used to beafraid of the dark.【教学目标】(Talk aboutwhat youused to be likeandhow weve changed)谈论自己的过去及现在的变化(Practise using thetarget language.)练习使用本单元的目标英语(Review the PastTense)复习一般过去时In this unit we willtalk about what weused to be like.Everyone has a lot ofold stories.Every day we aregrowing up.And a lot of changeshave happened to us.Therefore sometimeswed like to talkabout our past.Through learning thisunit, we can talkmore about ourselvesin a proper way.【单元内容概述】一、单词1.名词类:dark,spider,insect,mark,emotive,expression,code,kiss.2.动词类:sure,terrify,seek,type,seal,indicate,comprehend,consist,describe.3.形容词类:dark,on,bored,secret,4.副词类:right,mostly,sideways.二、词组和短语(Key Phrases) 1.used to过去常常2.be terrified of害怕;恐惧3.in the past fewyears在近几年4.be made up of由组成 5.sound like听起来像6.go right home立刻回家7.cant stop doingsth.禁不住做某事8.instead of代替,而不是9.make faces做鬼脸10.consist of由组成11.come from 来自于12.stand for代表,代替13.face to face面对面14.such as例如15.worry about担心16.on the swim team在游泳队17.play the piano弹钢18.chat with和聊天19.miss the old days怀念旧日子20.these days最近21.take sbto do sth花费某人(多长时间)做某事三、交际用语1.A:Mario used to beshort.(used to)B:Yes,he did.Now hes tall!2.Girl:Hey,Steve!Overhere!Dont youremember me?Boy:Oh,wow!Youre Paula,arent you?(反意疑问句)Girl:Thats right.Boy:But you used tobe really quiet,didnt you?(反意疑问句)Girl:Yeah.I wasntvery outgoing.Boy:No,you werent.But you were alwaysfriendly.Wait a minute!Did you us to playthe piano?Girl:Yes,I did.But now Im moreinterested in sports.I play soccer andIm on the swimmingteam.Boy:Wow!People surechange.3.A:I used to eatcandy all the time,Did you?(简略式疑问句)B:Yes,I did.I used tochew gum a lot.A:Did you?B:Yes,I did.4.A:Did you used to be afraid of the darkB:Yes,I did.A:Are you stillafraid of the dark?B:No,Im not.How about you?A:Me?Oh,yes!Im terrified ofthe dark.B:So,what do you doabout it?A:I go to sleep withmy bedroom light on.(with+O+OC)【重、难点讲解】一、重点词汇1.mostly adv.大多数地,大部分,主要的(=almost all,generally 几乎全部,大多)e.g.I spend my freetime mostly watchingTV.我闲暇时大多在看电视.There are only 7girls in our PE class,so the class ismostly boys.在我们体育班仅有7个女孩,因此这个班大多数是男生。2.right adv.立即;马上(=right away;at once)right 在本单元用作副词,修饰动词。例如:Come right in.快进来。Ill be right there.我马上到那里。He would come rightback.他会立即回来。Ill come right down.我马上下来。Ill go right aftersupper.我吃完晚饭就马上走。注意:right用作副词时还有其他的含义。例如:You didnt spell theword right.(对,正确地)This telephonedoesnt work right.(合适地,顺利地)Go right on and youwill see the housein the corner.(一直地,直接地)The bullet(子弹)went right throughhis arm.(完全地,彻底地)3.used to 过去常常;以前常常(仅用于过去式)“used to+ 动词原形”这一结构表示过去的习惯(过去经常反复发生的动作)或状态(现在已不复存在),只有一种形式,即过去式,用于所有人称。否定形式为used not to.疑问式为Used you to?Used he to?等例如:I used to walkalong the road aftersupper.我过去常常在晚饭后沿这条马路散步。He used not to likePeking opera,but nowhes very found of it他过去不喜欢京剧,但现在非常喜欢。注意:used to的读音,读作/ju:stu/,而不读/ju:zdtu/。现在大多数人在口语中或不太正式的书面语中对否定式和疑问式常使用与do连用的形式。例如:I didnt usedto like skating,butnow I like it verymuch.我过去不喜欢滑冰,但现在很喜欢。Did you use to livein Shanghai? 你过去住在上海吗?There used to be achurch here,didntthere?以前这里有一座教堂,是不是?另外,含有used to的句子的反意疑问句一般不用usednt+主语(见上面例)。又如:He used to livein Shanghai,didnt he? Yes, he did./No, he didnt.4.be terrified of害怕(=be afraid of)be terrified of后面通常接名词或动名词。例如:Im terrifiedofthe dark.(名词)The old lady wasterrified ofcrossing such a busystreet.(动名词)二、重点句型1.I go to sleep withmy bedroom light on.with+O+OC即with后接宾语和宾语补足语,其中宾语补足语补充说明宾语的状况。OC可以是形容词、副词、介词短语、过去分词、现在分词、不定式等。with+O+adj.eg.I like to sleepwith windows open.(形容词)with+O+adv.eg.Anderson waslying on the bedwith all his clotheson.(副词)with+O+介词短语eg.We sat on the dryglass with our backto the wall.He was asleep withhis head on his arms.The teacher came inwith a book in hishand.He said goodbye withtears in his eyes.Mr Brown is talkingwith Bob with hishands in his pocket.with+O+过去分词eg.All the afternoonhe worked with thedoor locked.You cannot go out toplay with the workunfinished.with+O+现在分词eg.I wont be ableto go on holiday withmy mother being ill.with+O+不定式So in the afternoon,with nothing to do,I went on a round ofthe bookshops.With five minutes togo before the lasttrain left,we arrivedat St.Pancras.I cant go out withall these dishes towash2.Before I startedhigh school, I usedto spend a lot oftime playing gameswith my friends,spend是动词,意思是“花费(钱,时间)”,或“度过”下面是常用的两种结构:sb.spend time(money)on sth.sb.spend time(money)in doing sth.e.g.Every day Ispend two hours onhomework.Mary spent a lot ofmoney on her new car.He will spend hisholidays traveling.He spent ninetyminutes in workingout the mathsproblems.注意上面、两个例句均可以用It takessb. some timeto do sth.结构来改写:It takes me twohours to do homework.every day.It took him ninetyminutes to work outthe maths problems3.E-mail English isa new kind of Englishthat many people useto save time.E-mail英语是一种新兴的英语,许多人用来节省时间。that many people useto save time是定语从句,用来修饰先行词newkind of English注意:use to 与usedto的区别,二者后面都加动词原形,但意义大不相同。use to用来做某事e.g.Many students usethe dictionary tolook up new words.许多学生用字典查找生词。used to 过去常常e.g. She used to beafraid of dogs whenshe was young.她小的时候很怕狗。save t