2013届高三英语语法填空解题指导.doc

2013届高三英语语法填空解题指导Directed by Zhuang & Wu 一语法填空命题特点 语法填空以语篇为载体，考查学生的语法和词汇知识。它具有以下命题特点：(1) 在语篇层面上考查语言知识，每篇文章设置10个空，采用了填空方式，短语词数控制在200左右。(2) 命题形式：A. 纯空格题填空。 主要考查冠词、代词、连词、介词，其中连词包括引导名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句的从属连词和引导并列句的并列连词等。B用所给词的适当形式填空。主要考查谓语动词的时态语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较级、最高级和词性转换等。(3) 所选的文章主要是记叙类文章，或讲述生活趣事，或体现文化内涵，或给人心灵 启迪。短文中没有超出课标生词，难度低于教材。 现将近六年语法填空命题特点及命题形式与内容分别列表如下： 表一 近五年语法填空命题特点：短文特点短文体裁短文题材短文长度纯空格题有提示词首字母大写2007记叙文生活经历2007312008记叙文成语故事1856412009记叙文生活经历206642010记叙文智慧故事1876412011记叙文生活经历186642012记叙文生活经历222641表二：近六年语法填空命题形式与内容：测试形式与内容200720082009201020112012纯空格形式形式内容题号/答案题号/答案题号/答案题号/答案题号/答案题号/答案冠词35/a33/a31/the24/an19the代词人称代词40/her31/it,38/him22/they25them物主代词33/his指示代词34/that/it38/it/that25/both介词33/as;39/for31/In/Behind,after/from37/on;39/at35/with17/till/until23/on23for连词关系代、副词36.where35.where32.who/that21.whom22which24what从属连词32.who35.that40.when20Although/Though并列连词37.but提示词形式动词谓语动词31.broke40.results34.pushed40.was informed33.presented19.was pretending17would buy非谓语动词34.settled32.to help32.to please37.saying18.sitting/sit16wearing词性转换形变副38.merrily34.warmly20.mentally名变形39.natural动变名/分词36.choice18pleased形副比较级38.higher39.sweeter16.later21harder限定词37.Other/Some36.antoher二.语法填空考点归纳和答题要诀1.纯空格形式填空的答题要诀要诀一： 名词、代词、动名词前挖空，首先考虑限定词与介词 在纯空格类试题中，如果在名词前挖空，首先考虑限定词与介词。因为根据英语的习惯，名词前一般需要限定词，限定词包括冠词（a, an, the）,物主代词（my）名词所有格，关系词（whose, which ）,疑问词，不定代词（no, some，any，each，every，either，neither，many）数词等。例.1.Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not _ pleasant experience(2009广东)例2.It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (9601279) was very anxious to help _ rice crop grow up quickly.(2008广东)例3I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had _ amazing conversation. He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home. Im glad I made a choice. It made _ of us feel good.（2011广东）例4. After the student left, the teacher let _ student taste the water.(2010)例5. I didnt like leaving him_ his own either. (2011广东)例6 But she quickly realized that it wasnt her, it was probably the fact that she sat in 19_ last row. (2012)要诀二.谓语动词前挖空，首先考虑代词如果在谓语动词前挖空，应首先考虑代词。考生不仅要考虑到人称代词、反身代词等，还要考虑到关系代词which, that, who等。 有时也可能出现there be 句型的情况。例1. Behind me were other peoplebut after some minutes _ walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed.（2011）例2. The Boston Universitys study followed the diet habits of 80,000 women over 22 years. Those _ drank a glass of orange juice daily were 41 percent more at risk of gout(痛风).例3 Of course whenever they turned to look at him, they had to look at Mary, 22_made her feel like a star. (2012)要诀三. 平时注意积累，注意习惯搭配。例：_ view of the rising popularity of 3D films , 80 percent said the growth prospect would be good in the coming 12 months, and 要诀四.地点名词后设空，首先考虑where,其次考虑which/that 地点名词后设空，常常暗示地点名词为定语从句的先行词，空格处所需的关系词在从句中充当状语，因此答案很有可能要用关系副词where,但是如果所需的关系词在从句中充当主语或宾语，这时，应用关系代词that 或which。此外考生还需要注意一些特殊的名词，如：point, activity, situation, case, occasion 等后挖空时,答案也应首先考虑where.例1. In Lanzhou I visited a factory _ everything was very simple, including its equipment and the directors office, yet the factory turned out quite good products.例2. When you are at an industry event, interview, or on other occasions _ you may have an opportunity to have a professional encounter, dress to impress them. 要诀五. 及物动词后设空，首先考虑代词或名词。动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。根据英语的习惯，如果动词为及物动词，其后应跟宾语。因此如果在及物动词后设空，应首先考虑代词，尤其是宾格代词或反身代词，以及代替上文提到的人或物，或结合语境填入名词做他的宾语。例1. When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old women for the trouble I had caused_. (2007)例2 although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please _.（2009）例3. Mother said to the twins, “ Help _ to some cakes.”要诀六. 句子前面设空，注意分析逻辑关系，首先考虑从属连词或并列连词。连词主要起着连接作用，表明句子之间的关系，因此考生做题时，要弄清句子之间的关系，先根据上下文判断它们是因果关系还是转折关系，是并列关系还是让步关系以及这些句子是条件状语从句还是结果状语从句，是时间状语从句还是地点状语从句，然后选择合适的来连词。例1. The global financial crisis is likely to cause mental health problems and even suicides to increase _ people struggle to cope with poverty and unemployment, the World Health Organization warned on Thursday.例2. He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, _ he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” higher.例3 20_ he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong.(2012)要诀七. 空格处所需词具有双重作用时，首先考虑what ,who, whoever, 或whatever.例1. When writing a description of a park you know very, you are supposed to focus on _ it looks like, and explain what people can do there and why they want very much to visit it .例2. _ will take part in the physics contest will be announced at tomorrows meeting.2. 有提示词形式填空的答题要诀如果给出的提示词是动词，应当考虑填谓语、非谓语或其名词（复数）形式。【点拨：若果句中缺谓语或并列谓语，则考虑其的时态和语态，以及主谓一致。若果句中已有谓语，则考虑填非谓语动词形式。】如果给出的是形容词，应当考虑其副词形式，或比较级、最高级或其反义的形容词或反义的副词形式；也可能填其的名词形式。要诀一.名词、代词后设空，提示词为动词时，注意时态、语态。名词、代词后给出的提示词是动词时，一般来说提示的动词是作谓语的。此时考生需要注意动词的时态和语态。主语和谓语动词之间是主谓关系时，动词就应用主动语态，是动宾关系时就一个用被动语态。还要注意其主谓一致问题。例1. For the past nineteen years, Kathy Mellor _ (teach) English as a second language at Davisville Middle school in North Kingstown, in the Northeastern United States.例2. .People stepped on your feet or _(push) you with their elbows(肘部）,hurrying ahead to get a bargain.例3. Her mother was excited. your father has at last decided to stop smoking, Jane _(inform)例4 He walked in as if he 17 _(buy) the school. (2012)要诀二. 形容词后提示词为动词，首先考虑不定式在英语中形容词后接不定式的情况比较常见。此时不定时作状语，表示原因、目的等。另外，形容词后接不定式时，不定式常用主动形式，其逻辑主语或宾语常为句子的主语。例1. The distinction is sometimes hard _ (see) because we get so used to the excess being part of our tasks.例2. But the widow (寡妇) was very disappointed _ (find) that her son was as idiotic （傻的）as a simpleton(笨蛋), and seemed to know nothing except how to eat and sleep.要诀三.谓语动词之后或之前设空，且给出的提示词为动词时，首先考虑非谓语动词形式。如果给出的动词与其逻辑主语之间的关系时主谓关系，用动词的现在分词形式；如果是动宾关系，用动词的过去分词形式；如果提示词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前，用分词的完成式。例1.He spit it out, _(say) it was awful.（2010）例2.and then I noticed a man _ (sit) at the front.(2011)例3. Though I cant make the model ship sail faster, the model can be made _ (fly) higher by any of the boys here.例4 He suddenly appeared in class one day, 16_(wear) sun glasses.(2012)要诀四. Be 动词后设空，提示词为动词时，要考虑用提示词的形容词、现在分词或过去分词形式（如果语境表示动作正在进行，答案就应用动词的现在分词形式；如果语境表示动作被执行，答案应用动词的过去分词形式；如果两者都不是，就要考虑形容词作表语的情况。例1. Because the road was _(repair), barriers were put up prevent people from driving in that area.例2. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _(seat) when the plane was landing.例3. _(trap) in the forest for a week, the visitor was rescued by the police at last .例4. Mary felt 18_ (please), because there were many empty seats in the room (2012)要诀五. 从属连词后设空，提示词为动词时，首先考虑现在分词或过去分词，如表示将来时，可考虑用不定式例1. Finally, I want to give a word to everybody, while _ (give) it to myself as well:a optimist thinks the glass is half full; a pessimist thinks the glass is half empty; a realist knows that if he sticks around, hes eventually going to have wash the glass.例2. I wont take part in your birthday party unless_(invite).要诀六.物主代词或介词后设空，提示词为动词时，首先考虑动词的名词形式例1. But Jane knew from past experience that her _ ( choose) of ties hardly ever Pleased her father.例2. He insists on _(leave) for Paris next week.要诀七.空格处的提示词为形容词、副词时，首先考虑比较级或最高级形式或形容词的副词形式（如：well/good-better-best; bad/ill-worse-worst; far-further/farther-furthest/farthest） 例1The phrase“TV stoned” is used to describe a person who is _(complete) deaf and blind to everything but his favorite show on television.例2.A recent study claimed that peoples memories are getting _ (bad) because they cant remember their friends names.例3.I left it early because I had an appointment _( late) that day.例4. It might have made it a little 21_ (hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didnt stop the kids in the class. (2012)要诀八. 动词前或后设空，且提示词为形容词时，首先考虑副词形式。例1. Children were _(happy) casting pieces of bread into the lake to feed the fish or playing with model ships.例2. He cannot _(true) describe the picture.要诀九. 名词前设空且提示词为名词时，首先考虑该名词的形容词形式。例 The mobile phone is a _(fashion) and useful invention ,so we ought to make the best use of it.例 This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their _(nature) course.(2008)要诀十.and 或or 后设空，答题时要注意前后一致例1. So he sold the farm and _（spend）the rest of his life wandering the African continent, searching successfully for the gleaming gems(发光宝石) that brought such high price on markets of the world.例2. A young man sees a sunset and, unable to understand or _( expression) the emotion that it rouses in him, concludes that it must be the gateway to world that lies beyond.温故而知新：2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（广东卷）Mary will never forget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day, 16_(wear) sun glasses. He walked in as if he 17 _(buy) the school. And the word quickly got around that he was from New York City .For some reason he sat beside Mary. Mary felt 18_ (please), because there were many empty seats in the room .But she quickly realized that it wasnt her, it was probably the fact that she sat in 19_ last row.20_ he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong. It might have made it a little 21_ (hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didnt stop the kids in the class. Of course whenever they turned to look at him, they had to look at Mary, 22_made her feel like a star.“Do you need those glasses for medical reasons?” the teacher asked. The new boy shook his head. “Then Id appreciate it if you didnt wear them in class. I like to look at your eyes when Im speaking to you.” The new boy looked at the teacher 23_ a few seconds and all the other students wondered 24_ the boy would do. Then he took 25_ off, gave a big smile and said “Thats cool”.2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（广东A卷）One Sunday morning in August I went to local music festival. I left it early because I had an appointment 16 (late) that day. My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me 17 the bus arrived. I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man 18 (sit) at the front. He 19 (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice. He must be 20 (mental) disabled.Behind him were other people to 21 he was trying to talk, but after some minutes 22 walked away and sat near me, looking annoyedI didnt want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didnt like leaving him 23 his own either.After a while I rose from my seat and walked to the front of the bus. I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had 24 amazing conversation. He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home.Im glad I made a choice. It made 25 of us feel good.2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（广东卷） young man, while traveling through a desert, came across a spring of clear water._31_water was sweet. He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to elder _32_ had been his teacher .After a four-day journey, the young man_33_.(present) the water to the old man. His teacher took a deep drink,smiled_34_(warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. The young man went home_35_a happy heart.After the student left, the teacher let _36_student taste the water. He spit it out, _37_(say) it was awful. Apparently, it was no longer fresh because of the old leather container. He asked his teacher,” Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like _38_?” The teacher replied,” You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be _39_ (sweet).” We understand this lesson best _40_ we receive gifts of love from children. Whether it is a cheap pipe on a diamond necklace, the proper response is appreciation. We love the idea within the gift rather than the thing. 2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（广东卷）Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult31_ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. She wished that he was as easy _32_(please) as her mother, who was always delightedwith perfume. Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not _33_ pleasant experience: people stepped on your feet or _34_ (push) you with their elbows (肘部), hurrying ahead to get to a bargain. Jane paused in front of a counter _35_some attractive ties were on display. “They are real silk,”the assistant tried to attract her. “Worth double the price.” But Jane knew from past experience that her _36_ (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father. Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered. She found some good quality pipes _37_ sale. She did not hesitate for long: although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please _38_.When Jane got home, with her small butwell-chosen present in her bag, her parents were already _39_table having supper. Her mother was excited. “Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,” Jane _39_ (inform).2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（广东卷）Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese peoples daily life. _31_ these proverbs there are often interesting stories. For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop _32_ (help) it grow”, is based on the following story. It is said that a shorttempered man in the Song Dynasty (9601279) was very anxious to help _33_rice crop grow up quickly. He was thinkingabout _34_ day and night. But the crop was growing much slower than he expected. One day, he came up with an idea _35_ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. He did so the next day. He was very tired _36_ doing this for a whole day, _37_ he felt very happy since the cropdid “grow” _38_ (high).His son heard about this and went to see the crop. Unfortunately the leaves of the crop began to wither.This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their _39_ (nature) course. Being too anxious to help an event develop often _40_ (result) in the contrary to our intention.2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（广东卷）I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car 31_ （break）down near a remote and poor village. Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to 32_ should have the honor of receiving me 33 _a guest in their house. Finally, I accepted the offer of an old woman who lived alone in a little house. While she was getting me34_（settle）into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to 35small town some 20 kilometers away 36 there was a garage. I had noticed three hens running free in my hostesss courtyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on my table. 37 villagers brought me goats cheese and hone. We drank together and talked 38（merry） till far into the night. When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman39 the trouble I had caused 40_ .2013届高三英语语法填空答案1. 纯空格形式填空的答题要诀要诀一： 名词、代词、动名词前挖空，首先考虑限定词与介词例1. a, 例2 。 his /the 例3. both 例4. a