四级作文评分标准及其作文练习.doc

四级作文评分标准及其作文练习此内容由资环院徐老师整理，在此表示感谢！Writing Strategy3评分标准：2分：条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误,但多数为严重错误。5分：基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。8分：基本切题。有些地方表达思想不过清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。11分：切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。14分：切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好。基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错误。二、问题、现象分析型作文特点、结构模式及写作方法问题、现象分析型作文特点1四六级现象分析型作文体裁：议论文、说明文。而说明文在四六级真题作文中常常以看图作文的形式出现。例如：1998年1月四级说明文写作：目前社会上有不少假冒伪劣商品解释原因，说明假冒伪劣商品对消费者个人、社会等的危害。Harmfulnessof Fake Commodities 2002年6月四级作文看图作文：根据图表阐述大学生使用计算机的情况并解释原因。TheCelebration of Western Festival 2005年6月六级议论文写作：目前盗版的现象比较严重，解释盗版原因及相应对策。SayNo to Pirated Products 2006年12月旧六级作文：针对国内有不少人喜欢过西方节日的现象，要求考生分析产生这种现象的原因，说明这种现象可能带来的影响。TravelingAbroad 2. 问题、现象分析型作文模式：三段式中文提纲作文；首段：指出一种普遍存在的或尖锐的校园或社会现象，题材贴近大学生的校园生活或取材于和大学生联系紧密的社会热点话题。发展段：主要分析产生某种现象的原因，阐述这种现象可能产生的影响、带来的问题、危害结束段：提出解决办法或者陈述个人态度、观点、建议等。 常规模式：1.PresentSituation2.Causes 3.Measures各种变形模式：现象原因危害或问题型现象原因（或问题）个人看法型（现象个人看法型）现象影响（危害或问题）解决途径、建议型 现象原因危害型例如1998年1月CET作文题目Harmfulnessof Fake Commodities1. 目前社会上有不少假冒伪劣商品。为什么会有这种现象？2. 举例说明假冒伪劣商品对消费者个人、社会等的危害。此次真题从内容上看完全符合三段式作文的结构现象个人看法型例如2003年1月CET作文题目It Pays to Be Honest1. 当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象2. 诚实利人利已，做人应该诚实现象影响（危害或问题）解决途径、建议型例如2004年1月CET六级作文题目：Reduce Waste on Campus 1.有些大学校园浪费现象日益严重2.浪费的危害3.杜绝浪费, 从我做起现象原因危害或问题型例如2006年6月六级看图作文TravelingAbroad1.近十年来某城市越来越多人选择出去旅游2.出现这种现象的原因3.这种现象可能产生的影响 社会问题、现象分析型作文写作方法1.段落写作模式作文中各个段落通常由三部分组成，即主题句、支撑细节和过渡句或结论句。篇章中的段落(首段和中间段)可以没有结论句，但是一般应该有过渡句，而结束段则通常用结论句重申文章主题结束全文，使全文结构井然，内容浑然一体。 首段写作方法: 用事实、数据、举例等方法说明问题、现象的现状。例1：2006年6月六级看图作文：Traveling Abroad首段提纲：近十年来某城市越来越多人选择出去旅游范文(数据阐述法) ：Inrecent years more and more citizens here would like to travel abroad. In 1995,the number of people who would like to travel abroad was 10,000, whichincreased to nearly 40,000. And in 2005, the number further climbed above120,000. There are several reasons for the shocking rise.例2：2003年1月CET作文题目：ItPays to Be Honest首段提纲：当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象。范文(举例法)：Althoughhonesty is believed to be a virtue, there are still dishonest people in oursociety. For example, some businessmen sell fake products to theirconsumers; some students cheat in the exams. 首段说明问题、现象的常用句式：1）We cannot ignore the fact that 2）No one can deny the fact that 3）There is no denying the fact that 4）This is a phenomenon that.5) Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serioussocial / economic/environmental problem. 3. 发展段写作方法3.1社会问题、现象分析型作文发展段如果要求分析这种现象产生的原因，则可用因果法。3.2.发展段如要求说明这一现象带来的影响（危害）、问题则可用列举法。 例1：1998年1月CET作文题目Harmfulnessof Fake Commodities1. 目前社会上有不少假冒伪劣商品。为什么会有这种现象？2. 举例说明假冒伪劣商品对消费者个人、社会等的危害。发展段：Since the policy of reform wasimplemented, Chinaseconomy has improved. A lot of people getting richer, and their livingconditions are getting better. But still some of them are not satisfied.They dream of getting rich overnight and living a heavenly life, which, ofcourse, is impossible to achieve by fair means. So they risk breakingthe law to produce the market take commodities. (因果解释法) 原因分析的常见句式1）There are three reasonsfor this. For one thingFor another. What is more 2）The reasons for thisare as followsFirst Second Finally 3）The reason for this isobvious 4）Thereasons for the phenomenon, which are obvious to all, can be listed as follows:5）The reason for this is not far to seek 6）Thereare a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon. Firstly Secondly Thelast but not least reason is7) There area huge number of reasons behind this phenomenon, of which the most importantone is 例2:2004年1月大学英语六级作文题目及范文Reduce Waste on Campus 1.有些大学校园浪费现象日益严重2.浪费的危害3.杜绝浪费, 从我做起发展段：Thenegative effects of waste can be shown in the following aspects. In thefirst place, it makes some students dependent on their parents for money,which is harmful to their development. If they dont learn to supportthemselves, they will be “useless people” when they graduate. In the secondplace, when it turns into a bad habit to waste money or food, collegestudents will drag their families into financial crises. Last but not theleast important, if more and more college students tend to waste money orfood, it will become a threat to our nations resources. 谈论某一现象可能产生的影响时常用的主题句1)The phenomenon exerts much positive / negative effect on people / society.2) In termsof influences / harms brought about by the phenomenon, they can be listed asfollows.3) In myopinion, the phenomenon does more good than harm to people / society.4) Thisphenomenon brings both advantages and disadvantages to us. On one hand, Onthe other hand, 5) Thepositive / negative effects of can be shown in the following aspects. First, Whats more, 4. 结束段写作方法（主要分析前两种结尾方式）（1）以提出建议、解决措施结尾。（2）以表明个人态度、观点结尾（3）以列举现象引起的危害或问题结尾。（在发展段方法介绍中已涉及例举法） 例1：以提出建议、解决措施结尾On Power Failure1很多城市缺电现象严重2分析原因3提出建议结束段:Faced with such a hard nut, we have to find ways to crack it . Above all, in western areas China, there is surplus of electricity. So, cities that arethirsty for electricity may ask for remote help. Then,when we have electricity, we shouldremember to save it. Set your air-conditioners at 26C and you wont feel less comfortable than when they are at 26C . In fact, some factories already shift their working hours to avoid the peak time of electricity consuming. My parents dont work from Monday to Friday as before. They work from Saturday to Wednesday and have the following two days off instead. This is also a way out,isnt it? 提出解决措施的常见句式：1) Measures must be taken to solve the problem2) Manysolutions can be offered, for example.3) Inresponse to the phenomenon / problem, we can fall back on the following measures.4) The possiblesolutions to the problem depend on three factors.5) The bestway to solve this problem is to 6) As far asI am concerned, we should follow the following suggestions to solve the problem.7) In orderto solve the problem, we should make great efforts to / take effectivemeasures to .8) Its hightime that we took firm steps to put an end to this unhealthy trend once and for all. 例2：以表明个人态度、观点结尾My View on the income Gap1.收入差距悬殊是当前社会的一种现象2.人们对之褒贬不一3.我的看法结束段：From my point of view, while it is true that the income may stimulate the social development to some extent, it causes trouble as well. An income gap that is too wide formost people to bear can neither contribute to the stability of a country nor promote its economic development. Therefore, while we are advocating the rapid developmentof our country, we should narrow theincome gap. 考生通常应该明确表明个人态度，同时要解释理由。 三、社会现象议论型作文段落结构的基本模式：其命题目的侧重于考查考生个人对某种社会现象或问题的看法和评论。此类作文的扩展段与结束段的侧重点与社会现象分析型截然不同，其基本模式为：第一段：指出某种社会或校园现象。（同于社会现象分析型作文）第二段：阐述人们对这一现象的一般看法（或支持或反对）。第三段：侧重于表述个人观点，阐明立场，明确个人态度。简单地说，此类作文的写作模式就是：“现象正反方观点个人观点”型。 “现象正反方观点个人观点”型。例如：2005年12月四级作文Shouldthe University Campus Be Open toTourists?提纲：1名校校园正成为旅游新热点；2校园是否应对游客开放，人们看法不同；3我认为 第一段的写作思路和方法与社会现象分析型作文的首段相同（用事实、数据、举例等方法说明问题、现象的现状）。例如：Nowadays,many famous university campuses have become new popular tourist attractions.(开篇点题) It has been reported that every year thousandsand thousands of middle school students, either accompanied by their parents orsigning up for packaged tour, visit Tsinghua University and Peking Universityand other famous provincial universities in China on summer or wintervacations. （可以进一步举例说明越来越多的人参观名校）Is it good or bad to openthe university campus to tourists?（使用过渡句以便顺利进入第二段主题，从而使段落转换更加自然流畅。） 根据提纲要求，第二段的关键词在于 “人们看法不同”，因此，考生可用对比法阐述人们对校园是否应对游客开放所持有的截然不同的看法。有的人赞成开放名校校园，认为开放校园能使中学生更好地了解大学并激励他们刻苦学习。而另一些人则对此持否定态度，他们认为开放校园影响校园安全，同时会破坏校园宁静的氛围。例如：Differentpeople have different opinions. （主题句）On one hand, some people claim that itis a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus becauseit can enable the middle- school students to learn more about the universitiesand inspire them to work even harder. On the other hand, other people argueagainst this phenomenon. In their opinion, the universities opening totourists will have negative effect on the universities because it will bringmuch more pressure to the safety of the universities. Whats more, itwill ruin the tranquil atmosphere. （运用对比对照写作技巧提出正反方两方观点，在每个观点中再列举原因） 提出观点时的常用主题句句式：1)The arguments on it are divided: some support and others worry.2) Somepeople are against and some for it.3) Differentpeople have different opinions on it.4) When itcomes to , different people have different opinions.5) Peoplesopinions are always different once they talk about . 第三段要求考生发表个人看法，表明态度，并简要陈述理由。在处理该段落时，考生要适当使用一些总结性的过渡词，如：in my opinion, from my viewpoint, all in all, on the whole, in brief, inshort, as far as I am concerned等短语。在陈述个人观点时，考生可以赞成或反对或持中立态度。例如：1) 否定开放校园的个人观点Inmy opinion, universities should not be open to tourists. （主题句）The campus is mainly a place for study. With theincreasing flocks of tourists flooding into the campus, it will ruin theatmosphere of the ivory tower. （简要陈述理由） 2) 赞成开放校园的个人观点:Onbalance, universities should be open at regular intervals, especiall